Generations of Adam
Template:Short description Template:Refimprove Template:Religious text primary "Generations of Adam"Script error: No such module "Unsubst". is a genealogical concept recorded in Script error: No such module "Bibleverse". in the Hebrew Bible.Template:Non-primary source needed It is typically taken as the name of Adam's line of descent going through Seth.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Another view equates the generations of Adam with material about a second line of descent starting with Cain in Genesis 4, while Genesis 5 is taken as the "generations of Noah".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Seth and Cain
The Sethite line begins with Adam. [1] The Sethite line in Genesis 5 extends to Noah and his three sons.[2] The Cainite line in Genesis 4 runs to Naamah.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The seventh generation Lamech descended from Cain is described as the father of Jabal and Jubal (from his first wife Adah) and Tubal-cain and Naamah (from his second wife, Zillah).(Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".; Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".; Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".; Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".).
| Sethite | Cainite |
|---|---|
| Seth | Cain |
| Enosh | Enoch |
| Cainan | |
| Mahalaleel | |
| Jared | Irad |
| Enoch | Mehujael |
| Methuselah | Methusael |
| Lamech | Lamech |
| Noah | Naamah |
The Sethite line also gives ages at fatherhood and at death.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". In the Masoretic text, ages at death range from 777 (Lamech) to 969 (Methuselah) (with Enoch being "taken by God" at age 365 Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".), placing the text in the category of longevity narratives.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The Septuagint and Samaritan Pentateuch differ somewhat in the ages given; in the Septuagint, the age at fatherhood is often 100 years later than that in the Masoretic text, extending the genealogy by several centuries.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The 2nd-century BC Book of Jubilees, regarded as non-canonical except by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and the Beta Israel,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". gives the wives' names for the Sethite line:Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
| Husband | Wife |
|---|---|
| Seth | Azura |
| Enos | Noam |
| Cainan | Mualaleth |
| Mahalaleel | Dinah |
| Jared | Baraka |
| Enoch | Edna |
| Methuselah | Edna |
| Lamech | Betenos |
| Noah | Emzara |
Comparisons
Form critics consider the two lines as corruptions of one tradition. Both the similarities and the differences between lines are significant and do not admit simple explanation. Still, there is a general consensus that the Cainite list was from the Jahwist source, while the Sethite was added in from the Priestly source.[3][4][5][6]
The Sethite genealogy may also be connected to the Sumerian King List.[3][4][5][7] Evidence for this include the solar symbolism of the seventh figure on each list (the Sumerian king Enmeduranna sharing his name with the city where worship of the sun god was focused, Enoch living 365 years).[3] Like Enoch, Enmeduranna's advisor Utuabzu ascended to heaven.[7] Fritz Hommel further argued that Amelon was Enosh (both third in the list with names meaning "mankind"), that Ammenon was Cainan/Cain (both fourth and connected to craftsmanship), and so on; noting that the tenth in each line was a hero who survived a world flood. Still, this position is argued against due to linguistic incompatibilities in half the names.[4] Similarities between Irad and Eridu have also been pointed out.[8] Thomas Kelly Cheyne argued that the two genealogies may also be connected to a North Arabian genealogy, one reproducing the other. Cheyne claimed that Mahalalel was a corruption of Jerahmeel, and Methuselah was a corruption of Ishmael.[5] Cheyne's theories are now rejected, however.[9]
The following table displays the most common line of comparison between the Sethite and Cainite lines (which reverses much of the Cainite list),[3][5][6][10] as well as North Arabian genealogy (per Cheyne),[5] and the Sumerian king list.[7]
| Sethite lineScript error: No such module "Unsubst". | Cainite lineScript error: No such module "Unsubst". | North Arabian (Chayne)[5] | Sumerian kings[7] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Adam | 1. Adam | 1. Jerahmeel | 1. Alulim of Eridu |
| 2. Seth | 8. [Seth] | 2. Eshtaol | 2. Alalgar of Eridu |
| 3. Enosh | 9. [Enoch] | 3. Ishmael | 3. Enmenluanna of Bad-tibira |
| 4. Kenan | 2. Cain | 4. Kain | 4. Enmengalanna of Bad-tibira |
| 5. Mahalalel | 5. Mehujael | 5. Hanoch | 5. Dumuzid the Shepherd of Bad-tibira |
| 6. Jared | 4. Irad | 6. Arvad | 6. Ensipazianna of Larak |
| 7. Enoch | 3. Enoch | 7. Jerahmeel | 7. Enmeduranna of Sippar |
| 8. Methuselah | 6. Methusael | 8. Ishmael | 8. Urbatutu of Shuruppak |
| 9. Lamech | 7. Lamech | 9. Jerahmeel | 9. [Illegible] |
| 10. Noah | 10. Naamah | 10. Nahman | 10. Ziusudra |
Additional chronology
Post-biblical Jewish chronicles, surviving primarily in Syriac and Geez, elaborate on the genealogies in Genesis.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- The Book of Enoch
- The Book of Jubilees
See also
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "Bibleverse".
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- ↑ Template:Cite Jewish Encyclopedia
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