Frederick County, Maryland

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Frederick County is located in Maryland, United States. As of the 2020 U.S. census, the population was 271,717.[1] The county seat is Frederick.[2] The county is part of the Capital region of the state.

Like other outlying sections of the Washington metropolitan area, Frederick County has experienced a rapid population increase since the 1980s.[3][4] It borders the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia.

Catoctin Mountain Park in the county is the location of Camp David, a U.S. presidential retreat, and Fort Detrick, a U.S. Army base.

Etymology

The namesake of Frederick County and its county seat is unknown, but it was probably either Frederick, Prince of Wales, or Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore.[5]

History

Frederick County was created in 1748 by the Province of Maryland from parts of Prince George's County and Baltimore County.

In 1776, following US independence, Frederick County was divided into three parts. The westernmost portion became Washington County, named after George Washington, the southernmost portion became Montgomery County, named after another Revolutionary War general, Richard Montgomery. The northern portion remained Frederick County.

In 1837, a part of Frederick County was combined with a part of Baltimore County to form Carroll County which is east of current day Frederick County.

The county has a number of properties on the National Register of Historic Places.[6]

Geography

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Frederick County straddles the boundary between the Piedmont Plateau Region and the Appalachian Mountains. The county's two prominent ridges, Catoctin Mountain and South Mountain, form an extension of the Blue Ridge. The Middletown Valley lies between them.

Attractions in the Frederick area include the Clustered Spires, a monument to Francis Scott Key, the National Museum of Civil War Medicine, Monocacy National Battlefield and South Mountain battlefields, and the Schifferstadt Architectural Museum.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Major highways

File:2019-07-24 11 33 44 View east along Interstate 70 and U.S. Route 40 (Baltimore National Pike) from the overpass for Mussetter Road in Linganore, Frederick County, Maryland.jpg
I-70 and US 40 in Frederick County

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
179030,791—
180031,523Script error: No such module "String".%
181034,437Script error: No such module "String".%
182040,459Script error: No such module "String".%
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189049,512Script error: No such module "String".%
190051,920Script error: No such module "String".%
191052,673Script error: No such module "String".%
192052,541Script error: No such module "String".%
193054,440Script error: No such module "String".%
194057,312Script error: No such module "String".%
195062,287Script error: No such module "String".%
196071,930Script error: No such module "String".%
197084,927Script error: No such module "String".%
1980114,792Script error: No such module "String".%
1990150,208Script error: No such module "String".%
2000195,277Script error: No such module "String".%
2010233,385Script error: No such module "String".%
2020271,717Script error: No such module "String".%
2023 (est.)293,391[9]Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[10]
1790–1960[11] 1900–1990[12]
1990–2000[13] 2010[14] 2020[15]

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Frederick County has experienced a rapid increase in population since the 1980s, including that of minority groups.[3][4]

Racial and ethnic composition

Frederick County, Maryland – Racial and ethnic composition
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Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2010[14] Pop 2020[15] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 181,645 183,636 77.83% 67.58%
Black or African American alone (NH) 19,611 27,007 8.40% 9.94%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 512 401 0.22% 0.15%
Asian alone (NH) 8,876 13,427 3.80% 4.94%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 92 154 0.04% 0.06%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 405 1,445 0.17% 0.53%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) 5,109 13,528 2.19% 4.98%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 17,135 32,119 7.34% 11.82%
Total 233,385 271,717 100.00% 100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 271,717. The median age was 38.7 years. 23.6% of residents were under the age of 18 and 14.9% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 95.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 93.5 males age 18 and over. 72.5% of residents lived in urban areas, while 27.5% lived in rural areas.[16][17]

The racial makeup of the county was 69.7% White, 10.2% Black or African American, 0.4% American Indian and Alaska Native, 5.0% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 5.3% from some other race, and 9.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 11.8% of the population.[18]

There were 98,358 households in the county, of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 23.1% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[16]

There were 103,493 housing units, of which 5.0% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 74.6% were owner-occupied and 25.4% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 6.2%.[16]

2010 census

At the 2010 United States census, there were 233,385 people, 84,800 households and 61,198 families residing in the county.[19] The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 90,136 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert"..[20] The racial make-up of the county was 81.5% white, 8.6% black or African American, 3.8% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 2.9% from other races and 2.8% from two or more races. The total (all races) of those self-identifying as Hispanic or Latino origin made up 7.3%, and those persons who were white alone made up 77.8% of the population.[19] 26.3% of the population cited German ancestry, 17.4% Irish, 12.1% English, 7.2% Italian, and 6.3% American.[21]

Of the 84,800 households, 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 27.8% were non-families, and 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.17. The median age was 38.6 years.[19]

The median household income was $81,686 and the median family income was $95,036. Males had a median income of $62,494 and females $46,720. The per capita income was $35,172. About 3.2% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.[22]

Law, government, and politics

Charter government

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". On December 1, 2014, Frederick County changed to a "charter home rule government".[23]

Voters approved this governmental change at the November 6, 2012, election with 62,469 voting for the transition and 37,368 against. Previously, Frederick County had been governed by a five-member county commission that could only legislate in local matters with the prior consent of the Maryland General Assembly. Even that authority was limited to areas authorized by the General Assembly, enabling legislation, or public local laws. As a charter county, Frederick County is now governed by a seven-member county council, with five elected from districts and two elected at-large. A popularly elected county executive is responsible for providing direction, supervision, and administrative oversight of all executive departments, agencies, and offices. The council has broad power to act on most local matters.[24]

Jan H. Gardner was elected the first Frederick County executive in 2014[25] and was re-elected in 2018.[26]

County Executive
  Name Affiliation Term
style="background-color:Template:Party color" |  Jan Gardner Democrat 2014–2022
style="background-color:Template:Party color" |  Jessica Fitzwater Democrat 2022–present

The members of the third Frederick County Council for the term beginning 2022 are:[27]

County Council
  Name Affiliation District Region First elected
style="background-color:Template:Party color" |  Renee Knapp Democrat At-large At-large 2022
style="background-color:Template:Party color" |  Brad W. Young Democrat At-large At-large 2022
style="background-color:Template:Party color" |  Jerry Donald[28] Democrat 1 Braddock Heights, Middletown, Brunswick 2014
style="background-color:Template:Party color" |  Steve McKay Republican 2 Monrovia, Urbana, New Market, Mount Airy 2018
style="background-color:Template:Party color" |  M.C. Keegan-Ayer Democrat 3 Frederick, Clover Hill 2014
style="background-color:Template:Party color" |  Kavonte Duckett Democrat 4 Frederick, Ballenger Creek, Linganore 2022
style="background-color:Template:Party color" |  Mason Carter Republican 5 Myersville, Emmitsburg, Thurmont 2022

The Frederick County state's attorney, first elected November 2, 2010, and re-elected in 2018 and 2022, is Charlie Smith, a Republican.[27]

The sheriff of Frederick County is Republican Chuck Jenkins.[27]

Frederick County's fire and rescue service is handled by a combination career and volunteer service delivery system. The county employs over 450 career firefighters. Volunteers of the 26 volunteer fire and rescue corporations number approximately 300 active operational members. Fire, rescue and emergency medical services, including advanced life support, are handled by career staffing supplemented by volunteers. The county has a Maryland State Police Medevac located at the Frederick Municipal Airport and is designated "Trooper 3". Trooper 3 handles calls throughout the state, but provides immediate assistance to local police, fire and rescue services.

Politics

Frederick County was once, like the rest of Appalachian and German-influenced Western Maryland, staunchly Republican, with Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 being the last Democrat to carry it in a presidential election until Joe Biden carried the county in 2020. The growth of the county with migration from Washington D.C. had begun to narrow the margins starting from 2008, with John McCain only edging out Barack Obama by only 1,157 votes out of over one hundred thousand cast in the 2008 election.

Democratic strength is mostly concentrated in the city of Frederick, whereas Republican strength is located in the northern rural regions of the county. The county's suburbs, historically Republican-leaning, have become competitive in recent years.

Voter registration and party enrollment as of July 2025[29]
Democratic 79,476 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Republican 69,802 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Unaffiliated 56,751 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Other parties 3,311 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Total 209,340 Script error: No such module "Percentage".

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In state-level elections, Republicans in Frederick rebounded to more historical levels in the 2010 Maryland gubernatorial and senatorial elections, giving the Republican Ehrlich–Kane ticket 55% to Democrat O'Malley–Brown's 45. Frederick voters also supported Republican Senate challenger Eric Wargotz over incumbent Democratic Senator Barbara Mikulski by a margin of 51–46, even as Mikulski was winning statewide by a landslide 61–37.

Despite its conservative reputation, Frederick County voted in favor of Maryland Question 6, which legalized same-sex marriage in Maryland. In the 2014 gubernatorial race, Republican Larry Hogan won Frederick County strongly with 63 percent of the vote compared to Democrat Anthony Brown's 35 percent.[30] In the 2018 elections, despite increased support for Hogan, the Democrats experienced significant gains, securing a majority on the County Council and winning District 3B in the House of Delegates.[31][32] The Senate election also saw incumbent U.S. Senator Ben Cardin win Frederick County with 51.7% of the vote.[33]

After Biden's win in 2020, the trend towards Democrats continued in 2022, as Democrats increased their majority on the County Council by one seat and gubernatorial candidate Wes Moore won the county with over 53% of the vote compared to 43% for Republican and Emmitsburg resident Dan Cox, the first time Frederick County voted for a Democratic gubernatorial candidate since William Donald Schaefer's landslide victory in 1986.[34] In the Senate election also held in 2022, incumbent Democratic Senator Chris Van Hollen won the county 55.3% to 44.6% over Republican Chris Chaffee.[35]

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Gubernatorial elections results
Gubernatorial elections results[36]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|2022 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|43.19% 46,040 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|53.46% 56,992 3.34% 3,576
style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|2018 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|67.67% 72,560 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|31.11% 33,355 1.22% 1,304
style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|2014 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|63.34% 50,715 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|34.57% 27,682 2.09% 1,675
style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|2010 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|54.74% 41,410 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|42.59% 32,222 2.67% 2,021
style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|2006 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|59.57% 43,536 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|39.19% 28,644 1.24% 908
style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|2002 style="text-align:center;" style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"|65.98% 43,646 style="text-align:center;" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"|33.12% 21,913 0.9% 596

Public safety

The Frederick County Sheriff's Office provides court protection, jail management and morgue operation for the entire county. It provides police patrol and detective services within the unincorporated areas of Frederick County. The entire county entails a population of 222,938 within Script error: No such module "convert".. Frederick City, Brunswick, Mount Airy, Emmitsburg and Thurmont have municipal police departments. Middletown contracts with the Sheriff's Office for its policing.[37]

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported for each type of offense from 2012 to 2019.[38]

Year Homicide Forcible sex offense Assault Robbery Burglary Theft Motor vehicle theft Fraud Arson
2012 0 71 45 9 153 198 5 41 11
2013 Template:IncreaseNegative4 Template:DecreasePositive50 Template:DecreasePositive36 Template:IncreaseNegative23 Template:DecreasePositive139 Template:DecreasePositive85 Template:IncreaseNegative10 Template:IncreaseNegative46 Template:IncreaseNegative17
2014 Template:DecreasePositive0 Template:IncreaseNegative61 Template:DecreasePositive30 Steady23 Template:IncreaseNegative169 Template:IncreaseNegative161 Template:DecreasePositive3 Template:DecreasePositive42 Template:DecreasePositive9
2015 Template:IncreaseNegative4 Template:DecreasePositive56 Template:IncreaseNegative32 Steady23 Template:DecreasePositive150 Template:DecreasePositive124 Template:IncreaseNegative4 Template:IncreaseNegative47 Template:IncreaseNegative10
2016 Template:DecreasePositive1 Template:DecreasePositive53 Template:DecreasePositive31 Template:IncreaseNegative26 Template:DecreasePositive134 Template:IncreaseNegative142 Template:IncreaseNegative12 Template:IncreaseNegative62 Template:DecreasePositive4
2017 Template:IncreaseNegative3 Template:IncreaseNegative64 Template:IncreaseNegative35 Template:DecreasePositive24 Steady134 Template:IncreaseNegative145 Template:IncreaseNegative18 Template:DecreasePositive57 Template:IncreaseNegative8
2018 Template:DecreasePositive1 Template:DecreasePositive52 Template:DecreasePositive33 Template:DecreasePositive16 Template:DecreasePositive103 Template:IncreaseNegative158 Template:DecreasePositive7 Template:IncreaseNegative85 Template:DecreasePositive4
2019 Steady1 Template:IncreaseNegative56 Template:IncreaseNegative45 Template:IncreaseNegative17 Template:DecreasePositive97 Template:DecreasePositive147 Template:IncreaseNegative18 Template:DecreasePositive77 Template:IncreaseNegative9

Economy

The U.S. Census Bureau reported the following data for Frederick County, June 6, 2011.[39]

Metric Frederick County Maryland
Per capita money income in past 12 months (2013 dollars), 2009–2013 $36,917 $36,354
Median household income, 2009–2013 $84,570 $73,538
Persons below poverty level, percent, 2009–2013 6.1% 9.8%
Private nonfarm establishments, 2013 5,955 135,4211
Private nonfarm employment, 2013 83,799 2,182,2601
Private nonfarm employment, percent change, 2012-2013 1.1% 1.4%
Nonemployer establishments, 2012 16,843 442,314
Total number of firms, 2007 21,430 528,112
Black-owned firms, percent 5.9% 19.3%
Asian-owned firms, percent 3.3% 6.8%
Hispanic-owned firms, percent, 2007 3.6% 4.9%
Women-owned firms 31.1% 32.6%
Manufacturers shipments, 2007 ($1000) 3,003,696 41,456,097
Merchant wholesaler sales, 2007 ($1000) 1,252,142 51,276,797
Retail sales, 2007 ($1000) 3,066,281 75,664,186
Retail sales per capita, 2007 $13,629 $13,429
Accommodation and food services sales, 2007 ($1000) 356,482 10,758,428
Building permits, 2013 1,220 17,918

According to the Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development, the following are the principal employers in Frederick County. This list excludes U.S. post offices and state and local governments, but includes public institutions of higher education.[40]

Employer Employees
(Nov. 2014)[40]
Fort Detrick
(including Frederick National Laboratory
for Cancer Research) 		4,600
Frederick Health 2,696
Wells Fargo Home Mortgage 1,881
Leidos Biomedical Research 1,836
Bechtel 1,578
Frederick Community College 1,055
State Farm Insurance 900
Walmart/Sam's Club 700
AstraZeneca 595
Lonza Walkersville 520
Hood College 519
Mount St. Mary's University 511
UnitedHealthcare 500
McDonald's 499
Giant Food 490
Way Station 480
Costco Wholesale 452
Life Technologies 450
NVR 450
Wegmans Food Markets 445
Home Depot 444
Plamondon Companies 400
Stulz Air Technology Systems 375
Weis Markets 363
RR Donnelley 359
YMCA of Frederick County 350
Canam Steel 333
Giant Eagle 330
Homewood Retirement Centers 300
Toys "R" Us 260
Trans-Tech 260

Frederick County leads Maryland in milk production; the county's dairy herds account for one-third of the state's total.[41] However, the dairy market is unstable, and the county, like the state more broadly, has lost dairy farms.[42]

Communities

File:Fred ua.png
Map of Frederick County's urban areas
File:Downtown Brunswick 009.jpg
Brunswick
File:Burkittsville street.JPG
Burkittsville
File:Emmitsburg Pano.jpg
Emmitsburg
File:2008 03 28 - Frederick - City Hall 2.jpg
Frederick, the county seat and largest community in Frederick County
File:Middletown, Maryland Main Street.jpg
Middletown
File:2016-09-21 08 45 02 View north along Maryland State Route 17 (Main Street) between Cedar Street and Poplar Street in Myersville, Frederick County, Maryland.jpg
Myersville

Cities

Towns

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Village

Census-designated places

The Census Bureau recognizes the following census-designated places in the county:

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Unincorporated communities

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Education

The school district for the county is Frederick County Public Schools.[43]

A statewide school for the deaf, Maryland School for the Deaf, is in Frederick.

Notable people

Notable people from Frederick County include:

See also

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References

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  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ "2018 county election results in Maryland". WTOP. November 7, 2018.
  27. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
    - Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Frederick County Sheriff office website
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ State & County QuickFacts, Frederick County Template:Webarchive, Maryland, United States Census Bureau.
  40. ↑ a b Major Employers in Frederick County, Maryland, Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development.
  41. ↑ "Maryland at a Glance: Agriculture", Maryland Manual, April 2015.
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". - Text list
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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