46th United States Congress

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox United States Congress

The 46th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1879, to March 4, 1881, during the last two years of Rutherford Hayes's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. The Senate had a Democratic majority, while the House of Representatives had a Democratic plurality. The Democrats were still able to control the House, however, with the help of the Independent politicians who caucused with them.

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Party summary

Senate

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House of Representatives

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Leadership

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President of the Senate
William A. Wheeler
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Senate President pro tempore Allen G. Thurman
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House Speaker Samuel J. Randall

Senate

House of Representatives

Major events

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  • Depression of 1873–79
  • March 18, 1879: Samuel J. Randall was elected in one of the most tightly fought contests for the speakership after the Civil War. Randall, who favored the protective tariff and "hard money," drew his greatest strength from northern cities and greatest opposition from the west and south. The midterm elections of 1878 had gone badly for the Democrats, with the Greenback Party making inroads in key districts. This emboldened Randall's opponents, who rallied to the support of Joseph Blackburn from Kentucky. In the end, Randall prevailed in the Democratic caucus to receive the nomination, with 75 votes to Blackburn's 57 and a scattering of 9 votes to three other candidates. Blackburn, in moving to make Randall's nomination unanimous, steered his supporters away from the nomination of Hendrick B. Wright, a Democrat from Pennsylvania who was nominated by the Greenbacks. In the eventual vote in the House to elect the Speaker, Randall prevailed with 144 votes, to 125 for James Garfield (Republican from Ohio), 13 for Wright, and one for William "Pig Iron" Kelley (Pennsylvania).
  • November 2, 1880: U.S. presidential election, 1880: James Garfield (R) defeated Winfield S. Hancock (D)
  • February 19, 1881: Kansas became the first state to prohibit alcohol.

Major legislation

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Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1880; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1882; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1884.

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House of Representatives

The names of members are preceded by their district numbers.

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Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 4
  • Deaths: 3
  • Resignations: 1
  • Interim appointments: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 5

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|- | New Hampshire (3) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect.
An interim successor was appointed March 13, 1879. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles H. Bell (R) | March 13, 1879

|- | New Hampshire (3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles H. Bell (R) | Successor elected June 18, 1879, but did not begin service until June 20, 1879, for unknown reasons. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry W. Blair (R) | June 20, 1879

|- | Michigan (1) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Zachariah Chandler (R) | Died November 1, 1879.
Successor appointed November 17, 1879, to continue the term.
Appointee was elected January 19, 1881, to finish the term. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry P. Baldwin (R) | November 17, 1879

|- | Alabama (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | George S. Houston (D) | Died December 31, 1879.
Successor appointed January 7, 1880, to continue the term.
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Luke Pryor (D) | January 7, 1880

|- | Georgia (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John B. Gordon (D) | Resigned May 26, 1880, to promote building of the Georgia Pacific Railway.
Successor elected May 26, 1880. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph E. Brown (D) | May 26, 1880

|- | Alabama (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Luke Pryor (D) | Successor elected November 23, 1880. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James L. Pugh (D) | November 24, 1880

|- | Wisconsin (3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Matthew H. Carpenter (R) | Died February 24, 1881. | Vacant | Not filled this term

|}

House of Representatives

  • Replacements: 8
  • Deaths: 4
  • Resignations: 3
  • Contested election: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 11

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|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep. Gustav Schleicher died during previous congress | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Christopher C. Upson (D) | April 15, 1879

|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep.-elect Alexander Smith died during previous congress | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Waldo Hutchins (D) | November 4, 1879

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rush Clark (R) | Died April 29, 1879 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William G. Thompson (R) | October 14, 1879

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alfred M. Lay (D) | Died December 8, 1879 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John F. Philips (D) | January 10, 1880

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Ray V. Pierce (R) | Resigned September 18, 1880 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jonathan Scoville (D) | November 12, 1880

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Burwell B. Lewis (D) | Resigned October 1, 1880, to accept presidency of the University of Alabama | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Newton N. Clements (D) | December 8, 1880

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James A. Garfield (R) | Resigned November 8, 1880 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Ezra B. Taylor (R) | December 13, 1880

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Evarts W. Farr (R) | Died November 30, 1880.
Successor elected December 28, 1880. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Ossian Ray (R) | January 8, 1881

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Noble A. Hull (D) | Lost contested election January 22, 1881 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Horatio Bisbee Jr. (R) | January 22, 1881

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph J. Martin (R) | Lost contested election January 29, 1881 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jesse J. Yeates (D) | January 29, 1881

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Fernando Wood (D) | Died February 14, 1881 | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Omar D. Conger (R) | Resigned March 3, 1881, after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term

|}

Committees

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Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

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References

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External links

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