Formative case
Template:Short description In the Hungarian language the essive-formal case or formative case[1][2][3] can be viewed as combining an essive case and a formal case, and it can express the position, task, state (e.g. "as a tourist"), or the manner (e.g. "like a hunted animal").
Grammatical status: case vs. adverb-forming suffix
Some earlier analyses of the Hungarian case system, such as László Antal's Script error: No such module "Lang". (1961) did not consider the essive-formal to be a case, and disputed the status of the suffix Script error: No such module "Lang". in the declension system. One reason for this was that while Hungarian case suffixes are absolute word-final, Script error: No such module "Lang". permits further suffixation by the locative suffix Script error: No such module "Lang".. However, this is not unique to the essive-formal; Script error: No such module "Lang". can follow other case suffixes, for example Script error: No such module "Lang". in Script error: No such module "Lang"., though it has become less common since the early 20th century (e.g. Script error: No such module "Lang".). Another reason was that most Hungarian case endings participate in vowel harmony, while Script error: No such module "Lang". does not, possibly due to its later development.
However, the essive-formal case complies with the criterion for Hungarian cases set by modern descriptive grammars,[1][2][3][4] namely that it can appear as the argument of a verb, specified in its form, such as in Script error: No such module "Lang". (’treat, handle as ...’), Script error: No such module "Lang". (’behave as ...’), Script error: No such module "Lang". (’graduate as ...’), Script error: No such module "Lang". (’find employment as ...’) etc. Therefore, it is today considered as one of the 18 established and acknowledged cases in Hungarian, rather than being one of the adverb-forming suffixes, which do not comply with the criterion.
References
- ↑ a b Referred to as formativus by É. Kiss, Katalin(profile)–Kiefer, Ferenc(cv)–Siptár, Péter. Új magyar nyelvtan. Template:ISBN, p. 202 (204 in the online PDF)
- ↑ a b Referred to as formativus by Kiefer, Ferenc(cv): 3.9.3. Az esetragok (‘Case Suffixes’). In: Kiefer, Ferenc (ed.), Magyar nyelv ‘Hungarian Language’. Akadémiai Kiadó. Online publication: 2015. Print publication: 2006. Template:ISBN
- ↑ a b Referred to as formativus by Kiefer, Ferenc: A ragozás (‘Suffixation’ or ‘Inflection’ or ‘Conjugation and Declension’), 10.3.1. Az esetragok (‘Case Suffixes’). In: Kiefer, Ferenc (ed.). Strukturális magyar nyelvtan (‘Structural Grammar of Hungarian’) Vol. 3. Morfológia (‘Morphology’). Akadémiai Kiadó. Online publication: 2018. Template:ISBN
- ↑ Referred to as essivus, the same term as the one for the suffix of the essive-modal case, ending in Script error: No such module "Lang"., though listed as a distinct item. Balogh, Judit. A névszóragozás (‘Declension’). In: Balogh et al., Magyar grammatika (‘Hungarian Grammar’), Műszaki Könyvkiadó, Piliscsév & Budapest, 2017 (Template:ISBN), pp. 197 and 201.
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