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Emilian is a Gallo-Italic language. Besides Emilian, the Gallo-Italic family includes Romagnol, Piedmontese, Ligurian and Lombard, all of which maintain a level of mutual intelligibility with Emilian.
Dialectal varieties
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The historical and geographical fragmentation of Emilian communities, divided in many local administrations (as signorie then duchies, with reciprocal exchanges of land), has caused a high dialectal fragmentation, to the point the existence of an Emilian koiné has been questioned.
Mantuan, spoken in all but the very north of the Province of Mantua in Lombardy. It has a strong Lombard influence.
File:Pavel speaking Emilian.webmPavel speaking EmilianVogherese (Pavese-Vogherese), spoken in the Province of Pavia in Lombardy. It is closely related phonetically and morphologically to Piacentine. It is also akin to Tortonese.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Piacentine, spoken west of the River Taro in the Province of Piacenza and on the border with the province of Parma. The variants of Piacentine are strongly influenced by Lombard, Piedmontese, and Ligurian.
Parmesan, spoken in the Province of Parma. Those from the area refer to the Parmesan spoken outside Parma as Arioso or Parmense, although today's urban and rural dialects are so mixed that only a few speak the original. The language spoken in Casalmaggiore in the Province of Cremona to the north of Parma is closely related to Parmesan.
Modenese, spoken in the centre of the Province of Modena, although Bolognese is more widespread in the Castelfranco area.
Mirandolese, spoken in the northern part of the Province of Modena, it is very different from the modenese dialect in the phonology, grammar and vocabulary.
Carrarese and Lunigiano dialects, spoken in Carrara, Lunigiana, in almost all of the Province of Massa-Carrara in northwestern Tuscany, and a good portion of the Province of La Spezia in eastern Liguria. Historically, this region has been part of Tuscany and the duchies of Modena and Parma at different times, so it has a close economic relationship with the Emilian area and is geographically proximate due to the Magra and Vara rivers.
Other definitions include the following:Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
In the Piacentino dialect, an /Template:IPA link/ sound can be heard as either an alveolar trill [[[:Template:IPA link]]], or as a uvular fricative [[[:Template:IPA link]]] sound.
In the Piacentino dialect, five vowel sounds being followed by /Template:IPA link/, are then recognized as nasalized Script error: No such module "IPA"., unless /Template:IPA link/ occurs between two vowel sounds.
Vowel length is also distinguished for the following vowels Script error: No such module "IPA"..[5][6][7]
Writing system
Emilian is written using a Latin script that has never been standardised, and spelling varies widely among the dialects.
The dialects were largely oral and rarely written until some time in the late 20th century; a large amount of written media in Emilian has been created since World War II.
