Ekari language

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File:Moanamani.jpg
A view of Moanemani, Papua

Ekari (also Ekagi, Kapauku, Mee) is a Trans–New Guinea language spoken by about 100,000 people in the Paniai lakes region of the Indonesian province of Central Papua, including the villages of Enarotali, Mapia and Moanemani. This makes it the second-most populous Papuan language in Indonesian New Guinea after Western Dani. Language use is vigorous. Documentation is quite limited.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Plosive plain Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
voiced Template:IPA link Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
Approximant Template:IPA link Template:IPA link

The voiced velar stop Script error: No such module "IPA". is pronounced with lateral release. Doble describes both /k/ and /ɡᶫ/ as being labialized Script error: No such module "IPA". after the back vowels Script error: No such module "IPA". (i.e., Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Gloss, Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Gloss), with Script error: No such module "IPA". having 'varying' degrees of the lateral.[1] Staroverov & Tebay describe Script error: No such module "IPA". as being velar lateral Script error: No such module "IPA". before front vowels and uvular non-lateral Script error: No such module "IPA". before non-front vowels. When lateral, there is usually a stop onset, but occasionally just Script error: No such module "IPA". is heard.Template:Sfn

Script error: No such module "IPA". is a "more palatalized Template:IPAblink" (perhaps Template:IPAblink or Template:IPAblink) before the high front vowel Script error: No such module "IPA". (e.g., Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:Gloss).[1]

Vowels

Both Doble (1987) and Staroverov & Tebay (2019) describe five vowel qualities. Long vowels and diphthongs are analyzed as sequences.

front central back
high Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
mid Template:IPA link Template:IPA link
low Template:IPA link

Tone

Ekari has pitch accent. One syllable in a word may have a high tone, contrasting with words without a high tone. If the vowel is long or a diphthong and not at the end of the word, the high tone is phonetically rising.

CV words have no tone contrast. CVV words may be mid/low or high. (In all of these patterns, here and following, initial C is optional.)

Words of the following shapes may have a contrastive high tone on the final syllable: CVCV, CVCVV. Words of the following shapes may have either a rising or a falling tone on the first long syllable: CVVCV, CVVCVV, CVCVVCVV, CVVCVCV (rare), CVVCVCVV (rare). The following word shapes do not have contrastive tone: CVCVCV, CVCVVCV, CVCVCVV, and words of 4 or more syllables.

References

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Bibliography

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External links

Materials on Ekari are included in the open access Arthur Capell collections held by Paradisec:

Template:West Trans–New Guinea languages