81st United States Congress

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Eighty-first Congress)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox United States Congress

The 81st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1949, to January 3, 1951, during the fifth and sixth years of Harry S. Truman's presidency.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1940 United States census.

The Democrats won back the majority in both chambers, and with the election of President Harry S. Truman to his own full term in office, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta.

<templatestyles src="Template:TOC limit/styles.css" />

Major events

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

  • January 20, 1949: President Harry S. Truman began his second (only full) term. Alben W. Barkley began his term as Vice President, which had been vacant since 1945.
  • August 16, 1949: Office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff created
  • January 21, 1950: Accused communist spy Alger Hiss was convicted of perjury
  • January 31, 1950: President Truman ordered the development of the hydrogen bomb, in response to the detonation of the Soviet Union's first atomic bomb in 1949
  • June 1st, 1950: Senator Margaret Smith made the Declaration of Conscience speech as the first refutation of McCarthyism in the Senate.
  • June 27, 1950: Korean War: President Truman ordered American military forces to aid in the defense of South Korea

Major legislation

File:61-mccarranact-poster.jpg
Civil libertarians and radical political activists considered the McCarran Act to be a dangerous and unconstitutional infringement of political liberty, as exemplified in this 1961 poster.

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Treaties

Hearings

File:Frank Costello - Kefauver Committee.jpg
Mobster Frank Costello testifying before the Kefauver Committee.

Party summary

Senate

Template:US Congress party summary

House of Representatives

File:81 us house membership.png
House seats by party holding plurality in state
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  80+ to 100% Democratic
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  80+ to 100% Republican
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  60+ to 80% Democratic
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  60+ to 80% Republican
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Up to 60% Democratic
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Up to 60% Republican

Template:US Congress party summary

Leadership

Script error: No such module "Multiple image".

Script error: No such module "Multiple image".

Script error: No such module "Multiple image".

Senate

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Caucuses

Members

Senate

Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Senators are ordered first by state, and then by seniority. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1950; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1952; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1954.

<templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css"/>

House of Representatives

<templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css"/>

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Ordinal US Congress change

|- | Kentucky
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alben W. Barkley (D) | Incumbent resigned January 19, 1949, to become U.S. Vice President.
Successor appointed January 20, 1949, to finish the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Garrett Withers (D) | January 20, 1949

|- | North Carolina
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Melville Broughton (D) | Incumbent died March 6, 1949.
Successor appointed March 29, 1949, to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Porter Graham (D) | March 29, 1949

|- | New York
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert F. Wagner (D) | Incumbent resigned June 28, 1949, due to ill health.
Successor appointed July 7, 1949, to continue the term. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Foster Dulles (R) | July 7, 1949

|- | Rhode Island
(1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Howard McGrath (D) | Incumbent resigned August 23, 1949, to become U.S. Attorney General.
Successor appointed to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edward L. Leahy (D) | August 24, 1949

|- | Idaho
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Bert H. Miller (D) | Incumbent died October 8, 1949.
Successor appointed to continue the term.
Successor later elected November 7, 1950. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry Dworshak (R) | October 14, 1949

|- | Kansas
(3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Clyde M. Reed (R) | Incumbent died November 8, 1949.
Successor appointed to continue the term. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Harry Darby (R) | December 2, 1949

|- | New York
(3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Foster Dulles (R) | Interim appointee lost November 8, 1949, election to finish the term.
Successor elected November 8, 1949. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Herbert H. Lehman (D) | November 9, 1949

|- | Connecticut
(1) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Raymond E. Baldwin (R) | Incumbent resigned December 16, 1949.
Successor appointed to continue the term.
Successor later elected November 7, 1950. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William Benton (D) | December 17, 1949

|- | Kentucky
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Garrett Withers (D) | Interim appointee resigned November 26, 1950, to trigger special election.
Successor elected November 7, 1950. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Earle Clements (D) | November 27, 1950

|- | North Carolina
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Porter Graham (D) | Interim appointee lost November 7, 1950, election to finish the term.
Successor elected November 7, 1950. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Willis Smith (D) | November 27, 1950

|- | Kansas
(3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Harry Darby (R) | Interim appointee retired November 28, 1950, when successor elected.
Successor elected November 29, 1950. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Carlson (R) | November 29, 1950

|- | California
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Sheridan Downey (D) | Incumbent resigned November 30, 1950, due to ill health.
Successor appointed to finish term, having already been elected to the next term. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Richard Nixon (R) | December 1, 1950

|- | Rhode Island
(1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edward L. Leahy (D) | Interim appointee retired December 18, 1950, when successor elected.
Successor elected December 19, 1950. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Pastore (D) | December 19, 1950

|}

House of Representatives

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Ordinal US Congress change

|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep. John J. Delaney died during previous congress | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Louis B. Heller (D) | February 15, 1949

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Sol Bloom (D) | Died March 7, 1949. | Template:Party shading/Liberal (New York) | Template:Colored link <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />(Lib) | May 17, 1949

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Andrew Lawrence Somers (D) | Died April 6, 1949. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Edna F. Kelly (D) | November 8, 1949

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Robert L. Coffey (D) | Died April 20, 1949. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John P. Saylor (R) | September 13, 1949

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Richard J. Welch (R) | Died September 10, 1949. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John F. Shelley (D) | November 8, 1949

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | George J. Bates (R) | Died November 1, 1949. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | William H. Bates (R) | February 14, 1950

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Martin Gorski (D) | Died December 4, 1949. | Vacant | Not filled for the remainder of this term

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | J. Parnell Thomas (R) | Resigned January 2, 1950, following conviction on charges of salary fraud. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | William B. Widnall (R) | February 6, 1950

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | S. Otis Bland (D) | Died February 16, 1950. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Edward J. Robeson Jr. (D) | May 2, 1950

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Ralph E. Church (R) | Died March 21, 1950. | Vacant | Not filled for the remainder of this term

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Eugene Worley (D) | Resigned April 3, 1950, to become associate judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Ben H. Guill (R) | May 6, 1950

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John Lesinski Sr. (D) | Died May 27, 1950. | Vacant | Not filled for the remainder of this term

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | William Lemke (R) | Died May 30, 1950. | Vacant | Not filled for the remainder of this term

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Alfred L. Bulwinkle (D) | Died August 31, 1950. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Woodrow W. Jones (D) | November 7, 1950

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Herbert Alton Meyer (R) | Died October 2, 1950. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Myron V. George (R) | November 7, 1950

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Richard Nixon (R) | Resigned November 30, 1950, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate having already been elected. | Vacant | Not filled for the remainder of this term

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Frank A. Barrett (R) | Resigned December 31, 1950, after being elected Governor of Wyoming. | Vacant | Not filled for the remainder of this term

|}

Committees

Template:List of Congressional Committees instructions

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Template:USCongresses