ETH-LAD

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ETH-LAD, or ETHLAD, also known as 6-ethyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide (6-ethyl-6-nor-LSD), is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide family related to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; also known as METH-LAD).[1][2] It is slightly more potent than LSD and is among the most potent psychedelics known.[3][1][4][5][6][7] The drug has been encountered as a novel designer drug in Europe.[8][9] In addition, a prodrug of ETH-LAD, 1P-ETH-LAD, has been developed and encountered.[10][11]

Use and effects

ETH-LAD is slightly more potent than LSD in both animals and humans.[1][4][3][2][12][7] It is about 1.6- to 2.3-fold more potent than LSD in rodent drug discrimination tests.[4][3][2][7] The drug's human dose range is 20 to 150Script error: No such module "String".μg orally, compared to a range of 50 to 200Script error: No such module "String".μg given for LSD, and it is said to be roughly twice as potent as LSD in humans.[13][5][1][6][7] As such, ETH-LAD is one of the most potent serotonergic psychedelics in humans known, if not the most potent known psychedelic.[3][1][4][6][7] Moreover, it has been said that LSD can no longer be considered the most potent psychedelic.[14] ETH-LAD's duration is 8 to 12Script error: No such module "String".hours as with LSD.[13]

The qualitative effects of ETH-LAD are similar to those of LSD.[4][13] In a limited number of anecdotal reports collected and published by Alexander Shulgin in TiHKAL however, ETH-LAD was described as more gentle and as less pushy, demanding, and aggressive than LSD, but also as having less of LSD's sparkle.[13] ETH-LAD was said to have a greatly modified degree of visual distortion relative to LSD as well.[13]

Interactions

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Pharmacology

ETH-LAD acts as a serotonin receptor agonist, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.[15][16] It shows greater potency and efficacy as a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist than LSD in vitro.[15] In addition to the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, the drug binds with high affinity to the serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors.[15] Like LSD, ETH-LAD also binds with lower affinity to the dopamine D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 receptors.[15][17]

ETH-LAD shows psychedelic-like effects in animals, specifically rodent drug discrimination tests.[4][3][12] Similarly to LSD, ETH-LAD shows moderate anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical research, but with slightly higher potency.[16]

Chemistry

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According to Alexander Shulgin, ETH-LAD may be chemically unstable in solution.[13]

Analogues of ETH-LAD include LSD, PRO-LAD, FLUORETH-LAD, and AL-LAD among others. In addition, ALD-52, LSZ, and LSM-775 are analogues of ETH-LAD. 1P-ETH-LAD, a prodrug of ETH-LAD, has been developed and encountered.[10][11]

History

ETH-LAD was first described in the scientific literature by at least 1976.[18] Subsequently, its preclinical pharmacology was studied and described by Andrew J. Hoffman and David E. Nichols in 1985.[12] ETH-LAD's properties and effects in humans were assessed by Alexander Shulgin.[6][7] These were reported via personal communication by Nichols in 1986[7][14] and later described by Alexander Shulgin himself in a 1994 literature review[6] and in his 1997 book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved).[13] ETH-LAD was encountered as a novel designer drug in Europe by 2016.[8][9]

Society and culture

Legal status

United Kingdom

On June 10, 2014, the United Kingdom Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD) recommended that ETH-LAD be specifically named in the UK Misuse of Drugs Act as a class A drug despite not identifying it as ever having been sold or any harm associated with its use.[19] The UK Home office accepted this advice and announced a ban of the substance to be enacted on 6 January 2015.[20]

Switzerland

ETH-LAD is illegal in Switzerland as of December 2015.[21]

References

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External links

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