Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County

Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County (Template:Zh; usually referred to as "Daozhen County" (Template:Zh), is a county in northernmost Guizhou province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zunyi. Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County is surrounded by Chongqing on the north, Zheng'an County on the southwest, and Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County on the southeast. The county covers , as of 2018, it has a census registered population of 352,149. The county has one subdistrict, eleven towns, one ethnic township and two townships under its jurisdiction, the county seat is Yinzhen Subdistrict.

Etymology

The name of "Yinzhen" is named after the courtesy name "Daozhen" (Template:Zh) of Yin Zhen (Template:Zh), a Confucian scholar who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220) and was one of "Three Sages of Han in Guizhou", the other two were She Ren (Template:Zh) and Sheng Lan (Template:Zh).

History

After conquering all the states, Emperor Qin Shi Huang implemented the system of prefectures and counties in 221 BC. Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County came under the jurisdiction of Ba Commandery (Template:Zh).

In the Western Han dynasty (206 BC–8 AD), it belonged to Fuling County (Template:Zh).

In 221, the county under the control of Shu Han (221–263).

After the Disaster of Yongjia in 311, local ethnic groups resisted full subjugation and the central government lost its jurisdiction.

In 564, Feng Zhou (Template:Zh) was formed after the native ruler Tian Sihe (Template:Zh) made agreements with the Northern Zhou Empire (557–581). Ten years later it was renamed "Qian Zhou" (Template:Zh).

After China was reunified during the Sui dynasty (589–618), Xin'an County (Template:Zh) was formed and under the administration of Mingyang Commandery (Template:Zh).

Under the Tang dynasty (618–907), its name was replaced by "Xinning County" (Template:Zh) and under the administration of Yi Zhou (Template:Zh). It came under the jurisdiction of Qian Zhou (Template:Zh) in 673, Zhen Zhou (Template:Zh) in 642 and later Zhen Zhou (Template:Zh) in 807. After the fall of Tang dynasty, the central government lost its jurisdiction again.

In 965, the native leader Tian Jingqian (Template:Zh) paid allegiance to the Emperor Taizong, who declared the new Qiande period of the Song dynasty (960–1279) five years ago. Its name was changed to Gao Zhou (Template:Zh) in 968 and restored the former name "Zhen Zhou" (Template:Zh) in 1108. In 1274, it was under jurisdiction of Bo Zhou (Template:Zh).

In 1363, Ming Yuzhen founded the Ming Xia in southwest China during the chaotic late Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), the name was changed to "Zhen Zhou" (Template:Zh).

In 1372, Yang Keng (Template:Zh), the top local official, paid allegiance to Hongwu Emperor, who set up the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) four years ago. It came under the jurisdiction of Sichuan Buzhengshisi (Template:Zh) and later Guizhou Buzhengshisi (Template:Zh) in 1382. In 1600, local government known as "Bozhou Xuanweisi" (Template:Zh) rose in rebellion against the central government. Wanli Emperor sent troops to pacify the rebellion. Zhen'an Zhou (Template:Zh) was split from "Bozhou Xuanweisi" after the rebellion was suppressed.

In 1724, in the ruling of Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), it was renamed "Zheng'an Zhou" (Template:Zh).

In July 1914, Zheng'an Zhou was revoked and Daozhen County was set up.

On December 21, 1949, the Communists took over Daozhen County. It came under the jurisdiction of Zunyi Special District (Template:Zh). In December 1958, Daozhen County was revoked and merged into Zheng'an County. Daozhen County was restored in August 1961. In November 1987 it became an autonomous county known as "Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County" approved by the State Council of China.

Administrative division

Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County has one subdistrict, eleven towns, one ethnic township and two townships under its jurisdiction. The county seat is Yinzhen Subdistrict.

Name	Chinese character	Area (Km2)	Population (2015)	Notes
Yinzhen Subdistrict
Yuxi		245.89	76,000
Sanjiang		74.95	15,000
Longxing		167.52	32,100
Jiucheng		167	26,000
Zhongxin		155.66	22,000
Luolong		226.36	20,000
Yangxi		185.4	13,000
Sanqiao		229.2	30,000
Daqian		192.8	25,000
Pingmu		90.6	20,000
Hekou		138.16	15,000
Zongping Township		77.12	14,000
Taoyuan Township		106.15	10,000
Shangba Tujia Ethnic Township		99.67	18,000

Geography

Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County is located in northern Guizhou province. Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County shares a border with Chongqing on the north, Zheng'an County on the southwest, and Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County on the southeast. The county has a combined area of , of which is land and is covered by water.

Climate

Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County is in the subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of , total annual rainfall of , a frost-free period of 270 days and annual average sunshine hours in 1059.9 hours.

Rivers

There are 45 rivers and streams in the county. The major rivers are Furong River (Template:Zh), Mei River (Template:Zh), Sanjiang River (Template:Zh), and Luolong River (Template:Zh).

Mountains

There are more than 26 mountains over above sea level in Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County. Mazhuayan (Template:Zh) is the highest point in the county, which, at above sea level. The second highest point in the county is Mopanshi (Template:Zh) which stands above sea level.

Natural resources

Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County is rich in natural resources. There are nearly 20 kinds of mineral resources, such as coal, oil shale, aluminium, iron, lead, zinc, silver, gypsum, calcite, etc. Coal reserves reached 116 million tons, making it became one of the "four coal fields in Zunyi".

Fauna

There are more than 400 species of terrestrial vertebrates in Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County. Among them, there are four kinds of national first-class protected wild animals, including françois' langur, musk deer, leopard, and clouded leopard, and more than 30 kinds of national second-class protected wild animals, such as macaque, Tibetan macaque, large Indian civet, pangolin and golden pheasant.

Flora

Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County has more than 100 species of wild plants of which 30 have state protection, such as Cathaya, Davidia involucrata, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus chinensis, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Cinnamomum camphora, etc.

Demographics

Population

As of 2018, there were 352,149 people, including 234,678 rural population and 117,471 urban population.

Language

Mandarin is the official language.

Religion

The Gelao and Miao people believe in animism and worship ancestors. Buddhism and Taoism was introduced into Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County after the conquest of Song dynasty (960–1279).

Tourism

Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County touts many attractions, including the Fairy Cave (Template:Zh), Dashahe Provincial Nature Reserve (Template:Zh) and Luolong National Ecological Park (Template:Zh).

Notable people

• Liu Jiahua (Template:Zh), politician.
• Xiong Xianyu (Template:Zh), PLA military officer.