Zunyi

Zunyi (Template:Lang-zh) is a prefecture-level city in northern Guizhou province, People's Republic of China, situated between the provincial capital Guiyang to the south and Chongqing to the north, also bordering Sichuan to the northwest. Along with Guiyang and Liupanshui, it is one of the most important cities of the province. The metro area is made of three urban districts of the city, Huichuan, Honghuagang, and Bozhou, had a population of 2,360,549 people; and the whole prefecture, including 14 county-level administration area as a whole, had a population of 6,606,675 at the 2020 census.

Zunyi is known for being the location of the Zunyi Conference in 1935, where Mao Zedong was first elected to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party during the Long March.

History

File:海龙屯 新王宫遗址.jpg

The World Heritage Site of Hailongtun fortress, the last rebel holdout during the Bozhou Rebellion in 1600.

The area of Zunyi was originally inhabited by the Tongzi people during the Paleolithic. Later, its territory was a part of several kingdoms. Zunyi was considered to be the center of the Yelang kingdom. The region around Zunyi first came under Chinese rule during Han dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han. After the Han dynasty collapsed, the area remained under nominal Chinese control, but much of the administration was left to local, non-Han chiefs. In the 7th century CE, the area came under regular Chinese administration during the Tang dynasty, Zunyi was placed under the new Bo Prefecture (Bozhou).

Towards the end of the Tang, Bozhou was conquered by the Nanzhao Kingdom. However, it soon gained independence as the Chiefdom of Bozhou in AD 876. The chiefdom became an autonomous prefecture of the Song and subsequent dynasties, while the ruling Yang family held power in Zunyi for more than seven centuries. Bozhou rebelled against the Ming dynasty in 1589, resisting the Ming for more than a decade before its eventual destruction in 1600. Subsequently, Zunyi Prefecture was established, with the present-day city of Zunyi becoming the prefectural seat. Zunyi retained its status as a prefectural seat through the Qing dynasty. After the Xinhai Revolution, Zunyi was redesignated as a county in 1914.

In 1935, the Zunyi Conference took place in the city, resulting in Mao Zedong becoming the de facto leader of the Chinese Communist Party.

During the country's First Five-Year Plan, Zunyi was redesignated as a city, and experienced considerable growth and transformation.

Geography and climate

Zunyi is located in northern Guizhou at an elevation of ; it is situated in the transition from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the Sichuan Basin and hill country of Hunan.

Zunyi has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), slightly modified by elevation. It has fairly mild winters and hot, humid summers; close to 60% of the year's of precipitation occurs from May to August. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to in July, while the annual mean is . Rain is common throughout the year, with 176 days annually precipitation, though it does not actually accumulate to much in winter, the cloudiest time of year; summer, in contrast, is the sunniest. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from around 9% in January and February to 42% in August, the city receives only 1,028 hours of bright sunshine annually; only a few locations in neighbouring Sichuan receive less sunshine on average.

Administration

File:Txu-oclc-10552568-ng48-4.jpg

Map including Zunyi (labeled as TSUN-I (TSUNYI) (walled) ) (AMS, 1954)

Administrative Map of Zunyi City
File:Administrative Division Zunyi 2.png Honghuagang Huichuan Bozhou Tongzi County Suiyang County Zheng'an County Daozhen County Wuchuan County Fenggang County Meitan County Yuqing County Xishui County Chishui (city) Renhuai (city)
Name	Hanzi	Hanyu Pinyin	Area (square kilometers)	Administrative Seat	Postal Code
Zunyi City			30780.73	Huichuan District	563000
Honghuagang District			705.49	Zhongzhuang Subdistrict	563000
Huichuan District			611.23	Dalianlu Subdistrict	563000
Bozhou District			4092.00	Nanbai Subdistrict	563100
Tongzi County			3193.54	Loushanguan	563200
Suiyang County			2544.52	Yangchuan	563300
Zheng'an County			2595.24	Fengyi	563400
Daozhen County			2157.50	Yuxi	563500
Wuchuan County			2777.59	Duru	564300
Fenggang County			1885.43	Longquan	564200
Meitan County			1859.13	Meijiang	564100
Yuqing County			1623.67	Baini	564400
Xishui County			3063.28	Donghuang	564600
Chishui City			1882.57	Shizhong Subdistrict	564700
Renhuai City			1789.53	Yanjin Subdistrict	564500
Note: Honghuagang figures contain the San Po New Area under the jurisdiction of the town.

Ethnic groups

The 1999 Zunyi Prefecture Almanac lists the following ethnic groups.

• Gelao
• Miao
  • ("Blue-Skirted Miao"): most populous, found in western Zunyi Prefecture
  • ("Red-Skirted Miao"): central Zunyi Prefecture
  • ("White-Skirted Miao"): least populous, found in central Zunyi Prefecture
  • ("Chinese Miao"; clothing similar to that of the ): northwestern Zunyi Prefecture
• Tujia
• Buyi
• Yi
• Dong
• Hui
• Manchu

Transportation

• China National Highway 210
• China National Highway 306
• Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway
• G4215 Rongzun Expressway
• G56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway
• G75 Lanzhou-Haikou Expressway
• Shizi Bridge
• Sichuan–Guizhou Railway
• Zunyi Xinzhou Airport

A rapid transit system is in the planning stages for Zunyi.

Economy

Zunyi is the economic and commercial hub of the North Guizhou Province. In 2019, Zunyi's GDP was CN¥348.3 billion (US$53 billion).

Culture

Being known as the "home of culture" of Guizhou province, Zunyi, or the North-Guizhou area, is the education and economic centre of the province.

File:ZunyiMeeting.jpg

Site of the Zunyi Conference

File:KircheZunyi001.jpg

Yangliujie Catholic Church, a church used by the Red Army during the Zunyi Conference.

Museums & tourism

The Zunyi Conference Memorial Museum is located in Honghuagang District, and consists of several sites related to the historical Zunyi Conference.

Institutions of higher learning

Zunyi is home to the Zunyi Medical College (ZMC), which was formerly the Dalian Medical College founded in 1947. The college was moved from Dalian to Zunyi and renamed to the Zunyi Medical College with the approval of the State Council in 1969. Another college-level institution of in the city is the Zunyi Normal College ().

Food and liquor

The rice liquor Maotai is produced in the town of Maotai, known as the "national liquor of China." Zunyi is home to much chili pepper cultivation, and red sorghum is also grown in Zunyi, a key ingredient for baijiu in China.

Demographics

According to the Seventh National Census in 2020, the city’s Permanent Population (hukou) was 6,606,675. Compared with the 6,127,082 people in Sixth National Census, the total number of people increased by 479,593 in ten years, an increase of 7.83%, and the average annual growth rate was 0.76%. Among the permanent resident population, the male population is 3,341,799, accounting for 50.58%; The female population was 3,264,876 (49.42%). The Seventh National Census (100 females, male to female ratio) was 102.36, down 1.17 percentage points from 103.53 in 2010.

External links

• Official website