Georgian cuisine

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about". Template:Georgian cuisineScript error: No such module "Unsubst". Georgian cuisine (Georgian: Script error: No such module "Lang"., romanized: Template:Ka-translit) consists of cooking traditions, techniques, and practices of Georgia. Georgian cuisine has a distinct character, while bearing some similarities with various national cuisines of the South Caucasus, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. Every region of Georgia has its own distinct style of food preparation. Eating and drinking are important parts of Georgian culture.

Georgia was one of the countries on the Silk Road, which resulted in travelers influencing Georgian cuisine.[1] The Georgian love of family and friends is one of the reasons why the Script error: No such module "lang". (feast) is so important in Georgia. Supra is offered spontaneously to relatives, friends or guests. Every Script error: No such module "lang". has its Script error: No such module "lang". (toastmaster), who gives the toast and entertains the guests.

Regional traditional cuisines

Abkhazia

Abkhazian cuisine uses many spices and walnuts. The most popular dishes from Abkhazia are Abysta (Script error: No such module "Lang"., porridge made of corn, similar to the Margal Ghomi), Apyrpylchapa (Апырпылчапа, pepper skin stuffed with walnut sauce), Achma (Ачма, a variation of Khachapuri), Aritsvmgeli (Арицвмгели, corn bread with walnut), Achash (Ачаш, Abkhaz chudu, with cheese), Achapa (Ачапа, kidney beans with walnut) and Akutaghchapa (Акутагьчапа, hard boiled eggs filled with walnuts, similar to deviled eggs). The most popular dessert is Akuarkuar, a cookie with honey. Ajika is a hot, spicy, but subtly flavored sauce or paste, often used to flavor food. Ajika is also sold as a dry spice blend.[2][3] Abkhazian wines include Lykhny, Apsny, and Anakopia.

Adjara

Adjarian cuisine is considered a very diversified cuisine, which has been influenced by its geography (seaside, mountainous part) and by its history. In the mountainous Adjara, the main products are dairy products and the dishes are more fat and heavy and on the other side, in the seaside of the region, dishes are mostly spiced, and use many fresh herbs. The most popular dishes in Adjara are Adjaruli Khachapuri (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Borano (Script error: No such module "Lang". - chopped cheese fried in ghee), Chirbuli (Script error: No such module "Lang". - omelette with walnuts and tomato), Malakhto (Script error: No such module "Lang". - mashed kidney beans with walnuts and crude grape juice), Iakhni (Script error: No such module "Lang". - stew similar to Kharcho, traditionally made in and around Kobuleti), Khavitsi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - porridge of corn with ghee), Sinori (Script error: No such module "Lang". - made of Nadughi and unleavened dough), Pakhlava (Script error: No such module "Lang". - a version of the Turkish Baklava) and Shaqarlama (Script error: No such module "Lang". - a biscuit).

Guria

The cuisine of Guria is based mostly on poultry (especially chicken meat), corn-bread (Mchadi) and on walnuts, like the cuisine of Imereti. The most popular dishes from Guria are Satsivi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - meat, mostly of chicken/turkey in walnut sauce called bazhe), Mchadi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Cornbread), Kupati (Script error: No such module "Lang". - sausage made from pork meat), Badrijani Nigvzit (Script error: No such module "Lang". - fried eggplant with walnut sauce), Gurian Ghvezeli (Script error: No such module "Lang". - crescent shaped kind of khachapuri filled with cheese and hard boiled egg which is usually eaten on Christmas Day), Brinjula (Script error: No such module "Lang". - a sort of cheese omelette "with a dough base" similar to khachapuri), Pkhali (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Kuchmachi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Beef or poultry livers with walnut sauce and pomegranate).

Imereti

The cuisine of Imereti shares many affinities with the neighbouring region of Guria and is known for its plentiful use of walnuts. The most famous Imeretian dishes include Imeruli Khachapuri (Script error: No such module "Lang". - the most common version of the Georgian cheese bread), Mchadi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Cornbread), Pkhali (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Kuchmachi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - beef or poultry livers with walnut sauce and pomegranate), Soko (Script error: No such module "Lang". - fried mushrooms), Lobio (Script error: No such module "Lang". - mashed red beans with spices), Badrijani Nigvzit (Script error: No such module "Lang". - fried eggplant with walnut sauce), Chakhokhbili (Script error: No such module "Lang". - tomato-based soup with poultry meat), Mtsnili (Script error: No such module "Lang". - pickled vegetables such as cucumbers, cabbage, beets, and jonjoli), Ekala (Script error: No such module "Lang". - pkhali made from smilax) Kupati (Script error: No such module "Lang". - pork sausage), Satsivi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - meat, mostly of chicken/turkey in walnut sauce called bazhe), and Tsitsila Isrim-Maqvalshi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - roasted chick in a blackberry and grape based sauce).Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Imereti is known for its cheeses such as Chkinti (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Salty cheese),[4] Imeruli Kveli (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and also Sulguni (Script error: No such module "Lang".).

Kakheti

Kakhetian cuisine is considered to be a more meat-based cuisine and the region itself is called the "Region of Wine".Script error: No such module "Unsubst". It is also known as the birth-place of one type of Georgian bread, Tonis Puri.

  • Notable dishes from Kakheti include Mtsvadi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - meat cooked on fire), Chakapuli (Script error: No such module "Lang". - soup made of fresh herbs such as tarragon and meat of sheep or lamb), Khinkali (Script error: No such module "Lang". - dumplings filled with meat and seasoned with herbs), Khashlama (Script error: No such module "Lang". - boiled meat of beef or lamb), Khashi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - boiled meat, often eaten after Supra), Chanakhi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - soup made of lamb and tomatoes), Chikhirtma (Script error: No such module "Lang". - soup made of chicken meat), and Ajapsandali (Script error: No such module "Lang". - kind of ragout made of eggplants, potatoes and tomatoes).
  • In Kakheti, they make famous desserts such as Churchkhela (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Candy made of grape juice and walnuts), and Pelamushi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Dessert made of grape juice).
  • Kakheti is also well known for its wines, with wine growing regions such as the Alazani valley, Tsinandali and Kindzmarauli and many indigenous grape varieties including Saperavi, Kisi, Rkatsiteli and Mtsvane.

Kartli

Kartli is known as a very rich region in terms of fruits (especially apples, apricots, figs, and peaches) and vegetables (especially cucumbers, tomatoes, and onions).

  • Kartlian dishes include Puris Kharcho (Script error: No such module "Lang". - a kind of soup made of bread), Shechamandi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - soup made of dogwood or docks), Jonjoli (Script error: No such module "Lang". - pickles made of Bladdernuts), Chakhrakina (Script error: No such module "Lang". - a kind of Khachapuri filled with cheese and beetroot leaves), Khabizgina (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Ossetian Khachapuri filled with cheese and potatoes), and Chakapuli (Script error: No such module "Lang". - soup made of fresh herbs and meat of lamb or beef).

Lazeti

Though most of the historical part of Lazeti is located in Turkey, Lazes in Georgia, especially in Sarpi, still continue to carry their traditional dishes, some of them being :

  • Bureği / Paponi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Baked sweet pastry filled with milk pudding.
  • Gresta (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Chicken or beef with melted cheese and mushrooms.
  • Kapça Tağaney (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried anchovies and vegetables.
  • Kapça Princoni (Script error: No such module "Lang".) : Anchovy pilaf.
  • Kapçoni Mç̌kudi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried cornbread with sliced anchovies, pkhali and herbs.
  • Lu Dudey (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Navy beans mixed with red Pkhali, onions and leeks.
  • Lu Ncaxeyi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Sort of porridge made from different vegetables mostly cabbage, kidney beans, potato which are mixed with cornmeal.
  • Muhlama (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cornmeal with cheese.

Samegrelo

The regional cuisine of Samegrelo can be considered the most famous in Georgia. It uses many spices and walnuts.

  • Famous Megrelian dishes include Ghomi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - porridge made of corn meal), Elarji (Script error: No such module "Lang". - ghomi with Sulguni), Gebzhalia (Script error: No such module "Lang". - rolls of cheese seasoned with mint), Megrelian Khachapuri (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Khachapuri with cheese added on the top), Kupati (Script error: No such module "Lang". - sausage made from pork organs and belly meat), Tabaka (Script error: No such module "Lang". - chicken cooked with Ajika), and Kharcho (Script error: No such module "Lang". - soup with beef).
  • Sulguni (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is traditionally made in the region.
  • Ajika (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a sauce made of pepper and spices. It is made traditionally in Samegrelo and in Abkhazia.

Mtianeti, Khevi, Khevsureti, Pshavi and Tusheti

These cuisines are often considered as one due to their similarities.

  • Famous dishes include Khinkali (Script error: No such module "Lang". - dumplings filled with meat, mushrooms, potatoes or cottage cheese), Gordila (Script error: No such module "Lang". - boiled dough), Qaghi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - dried and salted meat), Kaurma (Script error: No such module "Lang". - a kind of soup made from meat), Kotori (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Khachapuri filled with cottage cheese), Khachoerbo (Script error: No such module "Lang". - dried cottage cheese in a ball shape), Megrelian kharcho (ხარშო - beef stew in rich walnut sauce) and Khavitsi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - melted cheese)
  • Tusheti also produces a goat / sheep based cheese, called Guda (Script error: No such module "Lang".).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • These regions are also well known for their beer (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and alcohol, Zhipitauri (Script error: No such module "Lang".).

Racha-Lechkhumi

The cuisines of Racha and of Lechkhumi share most of their dishes and are often grouped into one cuisine as a consequence.

  • Notable dishes include Shkmeruli (Script error: No such module "Lang". - chicken in a sauce made of cream and garlic), Lori (Script error: No such module "Lang". - pork bacon), Lobiani (Script error: No such module "Lang". - a kind of Khachapuri filled with kidney beans and lori), Lobio (Script error: No such module "Lang". - mashed kidney beans with spices), Rachuli Khachapuri (Script error: No such module "Lang". - a kind of Khachapuri made into a square form).

Samtskhe-Javakheti

The Cuisine of Samtskhe-Javakheti consists of two regional cuisines: Meskhetian and Javakhetian. Due to their similarities, they are often considered one regional cuisine. This cuisine differs significantly from other regional cuisine of Georgia, partly because of its heavy use of goose meat and historical Turkish rule of the region.

  • Famous dishes from Samtskhe-Javakheti include Batis Shechamandi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - soup made of goose), Meskhuri Khinkali (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Khinkali filled with goose), Apokhti (Script error: No such module "Lang". - dried meat of lamb, beef, goose and duck), Tatarboragi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - boiled dough), and Rdzis Korkoti (Script error: No such module "Lang". - wheat grains boiled in milk).
  • Snails or Lokokina (Script error: No such module "Lang".) are also a very common dish in the region due to the presence of French Catholics in the past.
  • Samtskhe-Javakheti is also famous for its Chiri (Script error: No such module "Lang". - dried fruits), Tklapi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - fruit roll-up) and Tenili (Script error: No such module "Lang". - a preserved, hand-pulled cheese).

Svaneti

  • Main dishes from Svaneti include Kubdari (Script error: No such module "Lang". - also known as Svan Khachapuri, a kind of Khachapuri filled with seasoned beef or pork), P'etvraal (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Khachapuri filled with cheese and millet), Chvishtari (Script error: No such module "Lang". - Mchadi with Sulguni inside), Lutspeq (Script error: No such module "Lang". - boiled barley grains seasoned with pepper and garlic), Kharshil (Script error: No such module "Lang". - soup of barley and urtica), Tashmijabi (Script error: No such module "Lang". - mashed potatoes with Sulguni).
  • Svaneti is also famous for its local alcohol made from fruits such as elderberry, and even honey.
  • Svanetian salt, a spiced salt[5]
  • Agasyllis (Svanetian ღეჰი Ghehi / (Georgian: დუცი Dootsi ) is a local, Angelica-like plant with medicinal properties that is also eaten raw, cooked and pickled as a delicacy considered to benefit the digestion. It is also taken to combat parasitic worms and to treat respiratory complaints.[6]

Appetizers

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  • Abkhazura (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Caul fat rolled meatballs from Abkhazia.
  • Achma (Script error: No such module "Lang".): A dish with multiple layers of cheese and bread. It bears resemblance to a sauceless lasagna.
  • Ajapsandali (Script error: No such module "Lang".): A traditional Georgian meal. Consists of eggplants, potatoes, onions and spices.
  • Badrijnis khizilala (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried and chopped eggplants. The name means "eggplant caviar".
  • Jonjoli (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Pickled flowers of bladdernut.
  • Khachapuri (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cheese-bread with regional variation. This dish is very popular outside Georgia, especially in the ex-USSR.
  • Kuchmachi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Dish made of chicken livers.
  • Kupati (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried sausage from Western Georgia.
  • Kubdari (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Meat-bread made from bread, meat (Script error: No such module "Lang".), spices, and onions.
  • Leek (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Semi boiled Leek with walnut paste and vinegar.
  • Lobiani (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Bean-stuffed khachapuri.
  • Lobio (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Mashed beans with spices.
  • Matsoni (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Dairy product of Armenian origin, similar to yogurt or sour cream.
  • Mujuji (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Pork jelly.
  • Nadughi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cream-like dairy product.
  • Nigvziani badrijani (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried eggplant with walnut paste.
  • Pkhali (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Minced and chopped vegetables, mostly made of spinach, beets, and cabbage.
  • Satsivi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Poultry in a special walnut sauce.

Breads

Traditional Georgian breads are varied, and include Tonis Puri, Shotis Puri, Mesxuri Puri, Nazuki and Mchadi.

Georgian breads are traditionally baked in a large, round, well-shaped oven called a tone.

Khachapuri

File:Вкусный грузинский хачапури.jpg
Adjarian khachapuri.

Khachapuri, also spelled as hachapuri, is a traditional Georgian dish of cheese (fresh or aged, most commonly sulguni), eggs and other ingredients.[7]

There are several distinctive types of khachapuri in Georgian food from different regions of Georgia:

  • Achma (Script error: No such module "Lang".), from Abkhazia, which has multiple layers and looks more like a sauceless lasagna.
  • Adjarian (Adjaruli / (Script error: No such module "Lang".) Khachapuri, in which the dough is formed into an open boat shape and the hot pie is topped with a raw egg yolk and a pat of butter before serving.
  • Chakhrakina (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a variation of Khachapuri made in Kartli and in Racha. It is filled with cheese and beets leaves.
  • Kotori (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a Khachapuri made in Tusheti. The dough should be as thin as possible; and the filling consists of Kalti (Script error: No such module "Lang". - a sort of cottage cheese made in the region) and erbo.
  • Gurian (Guruli / (Script error: No such module "Lang".) Khachapuri has boiled eggs inside the dough and looks like a calzone. Arguably, it is not a type of khachapuri. Gurians make them for Christmas and call them simply 'Christmas pie'. In the rest of Georgia, it is called 'Gurian pie'.
  • Imeretian (Imeruli / (Script error: No such module "Lang".) Khachapuri, which is circular and probably the most common type.[8]
  • Lemzira (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a Svanetian ritual cheese bread mostly made in a round or triangular shape.
  • Mingrelian Khachapuri also called "Megruli" (Script error: No such module "Lang".), similar to Imeretian but with more cheese added on top.
  • Meskhuri Khachapuri (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a Khachapuri made of puff pastry dough and cheese. Lard is added in the dough and filling which give it a distinct taste from the more widespread Penovani Khachapuri. it is made in Meskheti.
  • Ossetian Khachapuri also called "Osuri" (Script error: No such module "Lang".) or by its original name "Khabizgina" (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a version of Khachapuri which has potato, as well as cheese in its filling.
  • Petvraali (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a sort of Khachapuri filled with cheese and millet, made in Svaneti.
  • Penovani Khachapuri (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is made with puff pastry dough, resulting in a flaky variety of the pie. It is often sold as street food in local bakeries.
  • Pkhlovana or Mkhlovana (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a Khachapuri made in the mountainous areas of Georgia, especially Khevi. It is similar to Chakhrakina but spinach is also added in the filling.
  • Rachuli Khachapuri also called “Bachuli” (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a version of Khachapuri made in Racha. It is filled with cheese and is of rectangular shape and puff pastry dough is used.

Cheeses

File:დამბალხაჭო.jpg
Dambalkhacho cheese.
  • Adjaruli Chechili (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cheese made in Adjara from cow milk, which is shaped into ropes.
  • Chogi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cheese made from sheep milk in Tusheti.[9]
  • Chkinti' (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Salty and juicy cheese made originally in Imereti.
  • Dambalkhacho (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Moldy cheese made in Pshavi and Mtiuleti. It is considered one of the most ancient and expensive cheeses.
  • Dampali Kveli (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Rare cheese with a butter filling inside.
  • Kartuli (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cheese made from a mixture of around 50% cow milk and a mixture of sheep, goat or buffalo milk.
  • Guda (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cheese made from sheep milk in Tusheti. Its preparation lasts 20 days.
  • Imeruli (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cheese made in the region of Imereti from cow milk.
  • Kalti (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cheese made in mountainous regions of Georgia. It is often considered a shepherds' cheese because of its nutritional values.
  • Kobi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Mixed cow/sheep milk cheese, mostly eaten in Eastern Georgia.
  • Meskhuri Chechili (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cheese made in Meskheti and same as the Adjarian one.
  • Narchvi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cheese made in Svaneti. It is shaped in curds.
  • Sulguni (Script error: No such module "Lang".): One of the most famous cheeses in Georgia, which comes from Mingrelia. It is made from cow or buffalo milk. Outside Mingrelia, it is also made in Svaneti.
  • Tenili (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cheese made in Samtskhe-Javakheti. It is shaped in curds.

Salads

  • Kitri pomidvris salata (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cucumber and tomato salad with Georgian herbs, greens and Kakhetian oil (Script error: No such module "Lang".). It is sometimes eaten with a walnut sauce.
  • Ispanakhis salata (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Spinach salad.
  • Pkhali (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Minced vegetables in a ball shape. It is mainly made from spinach, cabbage or beans and is topped with pomegranate seeds.
  • Sagazapkhulo salata (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Salad made during spring. There is not a strict recipe but it is mostly made of fresh ingredients and boiled eggs.
  • Satatsuris salata (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Salad made of asparagus.
  • Tcharkhlis salata (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Salad made of beets.

Soups and stews

File:Kharcho meat soup.jpg
Kharcho
File:Chakapuli IMG 20170317 131307 cropped.jpg
Chakapuli
  • Bozbashi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup made of mutton and peas and chestnuts, mostly consumed in Kakheti.
  • Chakapuli (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Stew made of lamb or beef (Script error: No such module "Lang".), tarragon and cherry plums in Eastern Georgia (Script error: No such module "Lang".).
  • Chakhokhbili (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup made of tomatoes and poultry meat (Script error: No such module "Lang".) which originated in Western Georgia.
  • Chikhirtma (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup made of turkey or chicken meat and eggs which is traditionally made in Kakheti.
  • Kharcho (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup made of beef, rice, cherry plums and walnuts from Mingrelia.
  • Kharshil (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup made of spinach in Svaneti.
  • Khashi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Boiled cow or sheep parts in their juice. Mostly made in the Eastern regions, especially Kakheti.
  • Lobio (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Stew made mostly from kidney beans. Popular in Western Georgia.
  • Matsvnis Supi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup made mainly of Matsoni.
  • Puris Kharcho (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup made of bread. It originated in Kartli.
  • Shechamandi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Different sorts of soup made by a principle ingredients, mostly made in Kartli. These soups can be made of spinach, malva, garlic, dogwood, grains, sorrel, pink peavine and other ingredients.

Fish

Though Georgian cuisine is not very fish-oriented, there are still some dishes mainly made of trout, catfish and carp:

  • Kalmakhi Tarkhunit (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried trout with tarragon.
  • Kalmakhis Kubdari (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Kubdari filled with minced trout, onions, coriander and ajika.
  • Kapchoni Mchkudi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cornbread made with anchovy, which is made in Adjara by the Lazs.
  • Kepali (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried flathead mullet.
  • Kibo Kindzit (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Lobster cooked with coriander.
  • Kibo Mokharshuli (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Boiled lobster.
  • Kibo Tetri Ghvinit (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Lobster cooked in white wine.
  • Kobri Nigvzit da Brotseulit (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried carp with walnuts and pomegranates seeds.
  • Loko Kindzmarshi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Boiled catfish with coriander and vinegar.
  • Loko Tsiteli Ghvinit (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Boiled catfish in red wine.
  • Tsotskhali (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Boiled or fried local fish.
  • Tsvera Nigvzit da Brotseulit (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried common barbel with walnuts and pomegranates seeds.
  • Zutkhi Kaklis Potolshi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): sturgeon cooked in a walnut leaf.

Meat

File:Khinkali, Restaurant Aragvi.jpg
A plate of khinkali
File:Chashushuli at restaurant Rioni.jpg
Chashushuli with bread and salad

The most popular Georgian meat dishes include:

  • Abkhazura (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried meat, often offal, rolled in caul fat from Abkhazia.
  • Apokhti (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Dried / Smoked meat (Script error: No such module "Lang".).
  • Batis Shechamandi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Meskhetian soup made of goose meat.
  • Bozbashi: Soup of lamb meat with peas, chestnuts and tomatoes.
  • Chanakhi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup made of tomatoes and lamb.
  • Chakhokhbili (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup made of tomatoes and poultry meat (Script error: No such module "Lang".).
  • Chakapuli (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Stew made of cherry plums, tarragon and meat (Script error: No such module "Lang".) from Kakheti.
  • Chashushuli (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Spicy beef stew with tomato base
  • Chikhirtma (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup made of chicken and eggs from Kakheti.
  • Gupta: Georgian version of Kefta meatballs.
  • Kharcho (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup made of beef, tomatoes, herbs and walnuts.
  • Khash (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Boiled parts of cow or sheep in its juice.
  • Khashlama (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Boiled meat.
  • Khinkali (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Dumplings filled with beef, pork or lamb meat (Script error: No such module "Lang".) herbs from Eastern Georgia.
  • Kubdari (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Khachapuri filled with meat from Svaneti.
  • Kuchmachi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried chicken livers with walnuts and pomegranate seeds.
  • Kupati (Script error: No such module "Lang".) : Fried sausage made of pork.
  • Lori (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Smoked pork from Racha.
  • Kababi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Meat cooked on fire, with pomegranate seeds.
  • Mtsvadi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Meat cooked on fire.
  • Muzhuzhi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): A kind of jelly filled with meat and vegetables (Script error: No such module "Lang".).
  • Qaghi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Smoked meat.
  • Qaurma (Script error: No such module "Lang".): A kind of soup with chopped meat.
  • Satsivi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Poultry meat in a walnut sauce called bazhe which originated in Western Georgia.
  • Shilaplavi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Pilaf made of lamb, spices, and vegetables.
  • Chkmeruli (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Chicken in a cream-based sauce.
  • Tabaka (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Roasted chicken with Adjika.
  • Tolma (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Georgian version of Dolma. The filling is mostly meat and rolled in cabbage or grape leaf.
  • Ziskhora (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Svanetian boiled blood sausage

Sauces and spices

Sauces and spices common in Georgian cuisine include:

  • Adjika (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Spicy paste or sauce seasoned with hot chili peppers.
  • Khmeli-suneli (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Powdered herb/spice mixture.
  • Blue fenugreek (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Milder than regular fenugreek.
  • Bazhe (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Walnut sauce.
  • Coriander: Ground seeds[10]
  • Marigold: Also known as Georgian Saffron. Orange powder with a light floral flavour used in walnut dishes[11]
  • Satsebeli (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Spicy tomato sauce.
  • Svanuri marili (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Salt from Svaneti mixed with spices.
  • Tkemali (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Cherry plum sauce.

Vegetarian dishes

File:Lobio with summer savory and ajika.jpg
Lobio
  • Ajapsandali (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Dish made of vegetables such as eggplant, potatoes, tomatoes, onions and herbs.
  • Badrijnis borani (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Chopped and fried eggplant with spices.
  • Badrijnis khizilala (Script error: No such module "Lang". - "eggplant caviar"): Chopped eggplant with pomegranate seeds and herbs.
  • Badrijani mtsvanilit (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Fried eggplant with fresh herbs (coriander, parsley and basil).
  • Ekala nigvzit (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Smilax with walnuts.
  • Gogris gupta (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Squash balls (vegetarian kefta).
  • Lobiani (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Khachapuri filled with kidney beans.
  • Lobio (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Mashed kidney beans with spices.
  • Lobio nigvzit (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Kidney beans with walnuts.
  • Pkhali (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Minced vegetables with pomegranates.
  • Qnashi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Boiled minced pumpkin seeds which are later spiced and formed into a circle.
  • Shechamandi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Soup, mostly made in Kartli of spinach, malva, garlic, dogwood, grains, sorrel, pink peavine, and other plant ingredients.
  • Sorrels and walnut soup (Script error: No such module "Lang".): rumex-walnut soup.

Desserts

File:Kakheti, Georgia — Churchkhela.jpg
Churchkhela
File:Walnut murabba.jpg
Muraba made from walnut
  • Chiri (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Dried fruits mostly apricots, grapes, plums and figs.
  • Korkota (კორკოტა) is a porridge made by mixing soaked grains, honey, sugar, raisins and sometimes also walnuts together. It is often served at funerals.[12]
  • Churchkhela (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Candy made of grape juice mixed with flour and walnuts. It originated in Kakheti.
  • Janjukha (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Same as Churchkhela but instead of walnuts, chopped hazelnuts are used. It is made in Guria.
  • Gozinaki (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Candy made mostly for New Year. It is made from chopped walnuts and honey.
  • Muraba (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Sort of jam made mostly from fruits such as walnut, watermelon, quince, fig, berries and from flowers (especially wild rose).
  • Pelamushi (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Dessert made of grape juice and flour, similar to a sweet porridge.
  • Tklapi (ტყლაპი): Is a type of Georgian fruit leather made with fruit purée, or excess juice of Churchkhela.

Wine

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Georgia is the oldest wine-producing region in the world. The fertile valleys and protective slopes of the Transcaucasia were home to grapevine cultivation and neolithic wine production (Georgian: Script error: No such module "Lang"., ɣvino) for at least 8000 years.[13][14][15][16] Due to the many millennia of wine in Georgian history and its prominent economic role, the traditions of wine are considered entwined with and inseparable from the national identity.[13]

Among the best-known Georgian wine regions are Kakheti (further divided into the micro-regions of Telavi and Kvareli), Kartli, Imereti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Adjara and Abkhazia.

UNESCO added the ancient traditional Georgian winemaking method using the Kvevri clay jars to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.[17][18]

Alcoholic drinks from Georgia include chacha and wine (especially Georgian wine). Some of the most well-known Georgian wines include Pirosmani, Alazani, Akhasheni, Saperavi, and Kindzmarauli. Wine culture in Georgia dates back thousands of years, and many Georgian wines are made from traditional Georgian grape varieties that are little known in the West, such as Saperavi and Rkatsiteli. Georgian wine is well known throughout Eastern Europe, and is a significant national export, with exports of over 10 million bottles of wine per year. Georgia is also home to many beer brands, including Natakhtari, Kazbegi, Argo, Kasri, and Karva. There are also many craft beer brands such as Shavi Lomi, Megobrebi, NaturAle & Underground.

Lagidze water is a Georgian flavored soda drink, made with a variety of natural syrups, sold bottled or mixed directly in a glass from a soda fountain. Common types of mineral water from Georgia include Borjomi, Nabeghlavi, Likani, and Sairme.

Popularity

Georgian cuisine is primarily popular in the post-Soviet states, although it has been gaining popularity in the Western world too in recent years. As such, American magazine Thrillist placed Georgian cuisine as the 4th among the indigenous cuisines of the 48 European countries.[19]

In 2010, Georgian cuisine was described as having had an exotic appeal to Russians that The Independent compared to that of Indian cuisine to the British.[20]

See also

References

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  1. Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia, Volume 1, Ken Albala, p. 125
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  5. FAO, Atlas of Origin linked food Products in Georgia, Rome, 2020, pp. 83
  6. 2017 Ethnobotany of the Caucasus, Rainer W. Bussmann Editor ISBN 978-3-319-49411-1 pps. 85-88. Part of the series European Ethnobotany, Series Editors: Andrea Pieroni, Manuel Pardo-de-Santayana and Renata Sõukand pub. Springer Reference.
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External links

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