Prunus cerasifera

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File:01 Prunus cerasifera.jpg
Prunus cerasifera

Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum.[1] Native to Eurasia and naturalized elsewhere, P. cerasifera is believed to be one of the parents of the cultivated plum.

Description

Wild types are large shrubs or small trees reaching Script error: No such module "convert". tall, sometimes spiny, with glabrous, ovate deciduous leaves Template:Cvt long.[2] It is one of the first European trees to flower in spring,[2] often starting in mid-February before the leaves have opened. The flowers are white or pale pink and about Template:Cvt across, with five petals and many stamens. The fruit is an edible drupe, 2–3 cm in diameter, ripening to yellow or red from early July to mid-September. They are self-fertile but can also be pollinated by other Prunus varieties such as the Victoria plum.[3] The plant propagates by seed or by suckering, and is often used as the rootstock for other Prunus species and cultivars.[2]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to Southeast Europe[2][4][5] and Western Asia,[1][6] and is naturalised in the British Isles[2] and scattered locations in North America.[7][8][9] It is also naturalized in parts of Southeast Australia where it is considered to be a mildly invasive weed of bushland near urban centers.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Ecology

P. cerasifera is believed to be one of the parents of the cultivated plum, Prunus domestica, perhaps crossing with the sloe, Prunus spinosa,[10] or perhaps the sole parent.[11] This would make it a parent of most of the commercial varieties of plum in the UK and mainland Europe: Victoria, greengages, bullace, etc.

Cultivation

File:PrunusCerasiferaBonsai.jpg
Bonsai (shohin size)

The cherry plum is a popular ornamental tree for garden and landscaping use, grown for its very early flowering. Numerous cultivars have been developed, many of them selected for purple foliage, such as P. cerasifera var pissardii (Carrière) L.H. Bailey (P. 'Atropurpurea').[2][12] The cultivar 'Nigra' with black foliage and pink flowers, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[13] Prunus × cistena (purple leaf sand cherry), a hybrid of Prunus cerasifera and Prunus pumila, the sand cherry, also won the Award of Garden Merit.[14][15][16] These purple-foliage forms (often called 'purple-leaf plum'), also have dark purple fruit, which make an attractive, intensely coloured jam. They can have white or pink flowers. The cultivar 'Thundercloud' has bright red foliage which darkens purple.[17] Others, such as 'Lindsayae', have green foliage. Some kinds of purple-leaf plums are used for bonsai[12] and other forms of living sculpture. Cultivated cherry plums can have fruits, foliage, and flowers in any of several colours.

Uses

The fruits are edible.[18] Some varieties have sweet fruits that can be eaten fresh, while others are sour and better for making jam. Cherry plums are a key ingredient in Georgian cuisine where they are used to produce tkemali sauce, as well as a number of popular dishes, such as kharcho soup and chakapuli stew. It is a popular tree in Romania where its fruits are used for souring soups when immature, for eating raw when ripened, and for making moonshine when overripe because of their high sugar content.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Gallery

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b UConn Horticulture Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. includes photos and European distribution map
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Flora of China, Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart, 1789. 樱桃李 ying tao li
  7. ↑ Flora of North America, Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart, 1784. Cherry plum, myrobalan
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"./
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b Pissard Plum Fact Sheet
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Plant Facts, Prunus x cistena - Purpleleaf Sand Cherry (Rosaceae)
  16. ↑ Nazareth College, Purpleleaf Sand Cherry Prunus x cistena Script error: No such module "webarchive"./
  17. ↑ Thundercloud Fact Sheet
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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