Costaceae
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Costaceae, known as the Costus family or spiral gingers, is a family of pantropical monocots. It belongs to the order Zingiberales, which contains horticulturally and economically important plants such as the banana (Musaceae), bird-of-paradise (Strelitziaceae), and edible ginger (Zingiberaceae). The seven genera in Costaceae together contain about 143 known species[1] (1 in Monocostus, 2 in Dimerocostus, 16 in Tapeinochilos, 2 in Paracostus, c.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 8 in Chamaecostus, c. 5 in Hellenia, and c. 80 in Costus).[2] They are native to tropical climates of Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Several species are frequently found in cultivation.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Description
The simple leaves are entire and spirally arranged, with those toward the base of the stem usually bladeless. Leaf bases have a closed sheath with a ligule, or projection at the top of the sheath.
Costaceae is different from the other families of Zingiberales in that its species have 5 fused staminodes, rather than 2 or 3, and the Costaceae contain no aromatic oils. The fused infertile stamens form a large petaloid labellum that often functions to attract pollinators. The flowers are solitary in Monocostus. In the other genera, the flowers are borne in a terminal spike that ranges from elongate to nearly capitate. Each flower is subtended by a large bract. The fruit is a berry or capsule. The rhizome is fleshy with tuberous roots.
Taxonomy
Phylogenetic tree of the family.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
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Gallery
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Tapeinochilos ananassae (wax ginger)
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Cheilocostus speciosus (crêpe ginger)
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Spirally arranged leaves of wild Cheilocostus speciosus
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References
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Bibliography
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External links
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- Classification of Costaceae
- Hellenia, the correct name for Cheilocostus <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At volume 151 <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At Online Content <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At Phytotaxa
- Distribution Map <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />And Genus list <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At Costaceae <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At Zingiberales <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Trees <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: APweb <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: botanical databases <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: About Science & Conservation <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />At: Missouri Botanical Garden
- Family Costaceae
Template:Zingiberales Template:Angiosperm families Template:Taxonbar