Convoy SC 94

Template:Short description Convoy SC 94 was the 94th of the numbered series of World War II Slow Convoys of merchant ships from Sydney, Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, to Liverpool. The ships departed Sydney on 31 July 1942 and were met by Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group C-1.

Background

As western Atlantic coastal convoys brought an end to the Second Happy Time, Admiral Karl Dönitz, the Befehlshaber der U-Boote (commander in chief of U-boats), shifted focus to the mid-Atlantic to avoid aircraft patrols. Although convoy routing was less predictable in the mid-ocean, Dönitz anticipated that the increased numbers of U-boats being produced would be able to effectively search the area with the advantage of intelligence gained through B-Dienst decryption of British Naval Cypher Number 3. However, only 20 percent of the 180 trans-Atlantic convoys sailing from the end of July 1942 until the end of April 1943 lost ships to U-boat attack.

Battle

Discovery on 5 August

reported the convoy on 5 August and torpedoed the Dutch freighter Spar.

Attack of 6 August

AssiniboineTemplate:'s Type 286 radar spotted in a heavy fog on 6 August. The destroyer closed on the contact and briefly spotted the submarine twice before losing her in the fog. The submarine reappeared crossing the destroyer's bow at a range of , and both ships opened fire. The range was too close for AssiniboineTemplate:'s guns to engage, but her .50-calibre machine guns shot up the submarine's deck and conning tower. This kept the Germans from manning their deck gun, but the flak gun was already manned and firing. It punched holes through the destroyer's plating that set some petrol tanks on the deck afire and disabled 'A' gun. The destroyer was unable to ram U-210 until the rear 4.7-inch gun hit the conning tower, killing the entire bridge crew and the .50-caliber machine guns were able to silence the flak gun. This caused Lieutenant Sorber, the senior surviving officer, to order the submarine to dive, but this meant that she had to hold a straight course while doing so. Assiniboine was able to take advantage of this and rammed U-210 abaft the conning tower whilst she was diving. This caused the electric motors to fail, damaged her propellers and led to water entering the submarine, as a result of which Sorber ordered the ballast tanks to be blown and the submarine to be abandoned. The destroyer rammed her again when U-210 resurfaced, dropped a pattern of depth charges set to detonate at shallow depth and hit her one more time with a 4.7-inch shell before the submarine finally sank.

Attack of 8 August

torpedoed the British freighter Anneberg and American freighter Kaimoku on the afternoon of 8 August while torpedoed the British freighters Kelso and Trehata and Greek freighter Mount Kassion. Three undamaged ships were abandoned in the resulting panic. One of them, the British freighter Radchurch, was later torpedoed by U-176. The Shakespeare-class destroyer leader and the Polish destroyer Template:ORP arrived to reinforce the escort, while Dianthus left the convoy to repair damage incurred while ramming and sinking U-379.

Attack of 10 August

torpedoed the Greek freighter Condylis in daylight on 10 August while torpedoed the British freighters Cape Race, Empire Reindeer and Oregon. The remainder of the convoy reached Liverpool on 13 August.

Ships in the convoy

Allied merchant ships

A total of 35 merchant vessels joined the convoy, either in Sydney or later in the voyage.

Name	Flag	Dead	Tonnage (GRT)	Cargo	Notes
Aghios Spyridon (1905)	Template:Flagcountry		3,338	Grain	Survived this convoy and convoy SC 104
Anneberg (1902)	Template:Flagcountry	0	2,537	3,200 tons woodpulp	Sunk by 8 Aug
Bifrost (1923)	Template:Flagcountry		4,949	Flour
Boston City (1920)	Template:Flagcountry		2,870	General cargo	Survived this convoy, convoy ON 127, convoy SC 104 & convoy SC 122
Brisk (1923)	Template:Flagcountry		1,594	Flour & general cargo
Cape Race (1930)	Template:Flagcountry	0	3,807	13 passengers, 3,979 tons lumber & 1,040 tons steel	Sunk by 10 Aug
Castilian (1919)	Template:Flagcountry		3,067	General cargo	Veteran of convoy HX 84
Condylis (1914)	Template:Flagcountry	9	4,439	6,924 tons grain & trucks	Sunk by & 10 Aug
Daleby (1929)	Template:Flagcountry		4,640	General cargo
Drakepool (1924)	Template:Flagcountry		4,838	(in ballast)	Survived this convoy and convoy SC 122
(1919)	Template:Flagcountry		4,945	General cargo	Survived to be sunk 2 months later in convoy SC 107
Empire Moonbeam (1941)	Template:Flagcountry		6,849	Phosphates	Survived to be sunk the following month in convoy ON 127
Empire Reindeer (1919)	Template:Flagcountry	0	6,259	5,950 tons woodpulp & general cargo	Sunk by 10 Aug
Empire Scout (1936)	Template:Flagcountry		2,229	Grain	Ship's master was convoy vice-commodore
Hagood (1919)	Template:Flagcountry		6,866	Diesel
Illinoian (1918)	Template:Flagcountry		6,473	Mail & general cargo
Inger Lise (1939)	Template:Flagcountry		1,582	Lumber	Survived this convoy and convoy SC 104
Ingerfem (1912)	Template:Flagcountry		3,987	Iron ore	Survived this convoy and convoy SC 104
Kaimoku (1919)	Template:Flagcountry	4	6,367	US Army stores	Sunk by 8 Aug
Kelso (1924)	Template:Flagcountry	3	3,956	2,000 tons ammunition & 2,618 tons general cargo	Sunk by 8 Aug
Mars (1925)	Template:Flagcountry		1,582	Flour	Survived this convoy and convoy SC 104
Melmore Head (1918)	Template:Flagcountry		5,273	General cargo	Veteran of convoy SC 7; survived to be sunk 4 months later in convoy ON 154
Mount Kassion (1918)	Template:Flagcountry	0	5,273	9,700 tons general cargo	Sunk by 8 Aug
Mount Pelion (1917)	Template:Flagcountry		5,655	General cargo	Survived to be sunk 2 months later in convoy SC 107
Norelg (1920)	Template:Flagcountry		6,103	General cargo
Oregon (1920)	Template:Flagcountry	11	6,008	1 passenger & 8,107 tons general cargo	Sunk by & 10 Aug
Osric (1919)	Template:Flagcountry		1,418	Timber
Panos (1920)	Template:Flagcountry		4,914	Coal
Penolver (1912)	Template:Flagcountry		3,721	Grain & general cargo
Radchurch (1910)	Template:Flagcountry	0	3,701	Iron ore	Abandoned undamaged & sunk by 9 Aug
Spar (1924)	Template:Flagcountry	3	3,616	Mail & 4,900 tons general cargo	Sunk by 5 Aug
Trehata (1928)	Template:Flagcountry	31	4,817	3,000 tons steel & 3,000 tons food	Carried convoy commodore VADM Dashwood Fowler Moir DSO; sunk by 8 Aug
Tynemouth (1940)	Template:Flagcountry		3,168	Lumber & steel	Survived this convoy, convoy SL 125 & convoy ON 154
Veni (1901)	Template:Flagcountry		2,982	Steel & woodpulp	Survived this convoy & convoy ON 154
Willemsplein (1910)	Template:Flagcountry		5,489	Iron ore	Survived this convoy & convoy ON 127

Convoy escorts

A series of armed military ships escorted the convoy at various times during its journey.

Name	Flag	Type	Joined	Left
	Template:Naval		31 Jul 1942	13 Aug 1942
	Template:Naval		31 Jul 1942	13 Aug 1942
Template:ORP	Template:Navy/core		8 Aug 1942	13 Aug 1942
	Template:Navy/core	Shakespeare-class destroyer leader	8 Aug 1942	13 Aug 1942
	Template:Naval		31 Jul 1942	13 Aug 1942
	Template:Navy/core		31 Jul 1942	8 Aug 1942, due to damage from sinking
	Template:Naval		31 Jul 1942	13 Aug 1942
	Template:Naval		31 Jul 1942	13 Aug 1942
	Template:Navy/core		31 Jul 1942	13 Aug 1942

See also

• Convoy Battles of World War II