Climate of California

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File:Köppen Climate Types California.png
Köppen climate types of California, using 1991–2020 climate normals.
File:GGB in fog 2007 edit.jpg
Golden Gate Bridge in fog
File:Snow on the mountains of Southern California.jpg
Snow in the mountains of Southern California
File:EmeraldBay LakeTahoe.jpg
Summer in the Sierra Nevada at Lake Tahoe
File:LakeBadwater.JPG
High precipitation in 2005 caused an ephemeral lake in the Badwater Basin of Death Valley.

The climate of California varies widely from hot desert to alpine tundra, depending on latitude, elevation, and proximity to the Pacific Coast. California's coastal regions, the Sierra Nevada foothills, and much of the Central Valley have a Mediterranean climate, with warmer, drier weather in summer and cooler, wetter weather in winter. The influence of the ocean generally moderates temperature extremes, creating warmer winters and substantially cooler summers in coastal areas.

Temperature range

File:Sbsnow 2.jpg
Snow on the ground in San Bernardino, Shandin Hills visible in the background

The cool offshore, enhanced by upwelling of cold sub-surface waters, often creates summer fog near the coast, creating a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb). Farther inland, the climate becomes more continental, with some areas turning semi-arid (Köppen BSk), with colder winters and markedly hotter summers. Low-lying inland valleys, especially the Central Valley, have a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), with subtropical temperatures but a well-defined sunny summer season and a foggy winter season.

The temperature gradient between immediate coast and low-lying inland valleys in the south is about Script error: No such module "convert". in winter, the coast being warmer, and in summer roughly Script error: No such module "convert"., the interior being hotter. For example, the average daily high in San Francisco in July and August is between Script error: No such module "convert".,[1][2] and in Walnut Creek, some Script error: No such module "convert". inland, the average daily high in July and August is Script error: No such module "convert".: a temperature gain of more than one degree (Fahrenheit) per mile.[3] In Southern California, the temperature differences are approximately Script error: No such module "convert". in winter and Script error: No such module "convert". in summer. At the coast in Santa Monica, the average high in August is Script error: No such module "convert"., while in Burbank, approximately Script error: No such module "convert". inland, the average high in August is Script error: No such module "convert".: a temperature gain of about two degrees Fahrenheit per mile.[4]

During the cooler winter months (October–March), the Coachella Valley regularly has the warmest winter temperatures out of any place west of the Rocky Mountains. East Los Angeles, the Gateway Cities, and parts of the San Gabriel Valley average the warmest winter high temps (Script error: No such module "convert".) in all of the western U.S., and Santa Monica averages the warmest winter lows (Script error: No such module "convert".) in all of the western U.S. Palm Springs, a city in the Coachella Valley, averages high/low/mean temperatures of 75 °F/50 °F/63 °F, (24 °C/10 °C/17 °C) respectively during the period of cooler weather from November to April.[5] The extreme southwest, around San Diego, has a borderline mediterranean/semi-arid or steppe climate (Köppen "Csa"/"BSk") as winters are drier there.

The southeastern regions have a hot arid climate (Köppen BWh), similar to that of the Sahara Desert. In the northern portion of the Mojave Desert on the east side of the state is Death Valley, which has recorded temperatures among the highest in the world. It is common in the summer for temperatures in the valley to surpass Script error: No such module "convert".. The highest reliably recorded temperature in the world,Template:Efn-lr Script error: No such module "convert"., was recorded in Death Valley on July 10, 1913. Temperatures of Script error: No such module "convert". or higher have been recorded as recently as 2005. The 24-hour average July temperature in Death Valley is Script error: No such module "convert".Template:Efn-lr.

In contrast, the high Sierra Nevada has a much cooler climate with extreme diurnal temperature variation. Bodie, at an altitude of Script error: No such module "convert"., has never had a freeze-free month in a record dating back to 1895, and can expect only about 60 minima above freezing annually.

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Average daily high and low temperatures in °F (°C)
for locations in California,
colored and sortable by average monthly temperature
Place <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />JanScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />FebScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />MarScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />AprScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". May <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />JunScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />JulScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />AugScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />SepScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />OctScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />NovScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />DecScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Alturas[6] data-sort-value="31.2" title="average temperature: 31.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="34.2" title="average temperature: 34.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="39.5" title="average temperature: 39.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="44.2" title="average temperature: 44.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="52.0" title="average temperature: 52.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="59.6" title="average temperature: 59.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="66.7" title="average temperature: 66.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="65.1" title="average temperature: 65.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="58.0" title="average temperature: 58.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="47.6" title="average temperature: 47.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="37.2" title="average temperature: 37.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="30.4" title="average temperature: 30.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Bakersfield[7] data-sort-value="47.8" title="average temperature: 47.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="52.6" title="average temperature: 52.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="57.6" title="average temperature: 57.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="62.6" title="average temperature: 62.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="70.5" title="average temperature: 70.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="77.5" title="average temperature: 77.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="83.8" title="average temperature: 83.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="82.4" title="average temperature: 82.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="77.0" title="average temperature: 77.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="67.2" title="average temperature: 67.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="55.1" title="average temperature: 55.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="47.8" title="average temperature: 47.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Bishop[8] data-sort-value="38.5" title="average temperature: 38.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="42.2" title="average temperature: 42.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="48.3" title="average temperature: 48.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="54.5" title="average temperature: 54.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="63.3" title="average temperature: 63.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="71.5" title="average temperature: 71.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="77.3" title="average temperature: 77.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="75.0" title="average temperature: 75.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="67.6" title="average temperature: 67.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="56.8" title="average temperature: 56.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="45.2" title="average temperature: 45.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="37.7" title="average temperature: 37.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Bodie[9] data-sort-value="22.6" title="average temperature: 22.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="24.1" title="average temperature: 24.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="28.3" title="average temperature: 28.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="34.4" title="average temperature: 34.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="42.5" title="average temperature: 42.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="50.0" title="average temperature: 50.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="55.9" title="average temperature: 55.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="54.4" title="average temperature: 54.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="48.2" title="average temperature: 48.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="39.4" title="average temperature: 39.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="30.0" title="average temperature: 30.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="23.2" title="average temperature: 23.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Death Valley[10] data-sort-value="53.4" title="average temperature: 53.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value=.59.8" title="average temperature: 59.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="68.4" title="average temperature: 68.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="76.3" title="average temperature: 76.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="86.6" title="average temperature: 86.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="95.5" title="average temperature: 95.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="102.2" title="average temperature: 102.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="100.2" title="average temperature: 100.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="91.0" title="average temperature: 91.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="77.1" title="average temperature: 77.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="62.6" title="average temperature: 62.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="51.7" title="average temperature: 51.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Eureka[11] data-sort-value="48.3" title="average temperature: 48.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="48.9" title="average temperature: 48.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="49.7" title="average temperature: 49.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="50.9" title="average temperature: 50.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="53.8" title="average temperature: 53.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="56.1" title="average temperature: 56.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="57.7" title="average temperature: 57.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="58.5" title="average temperature: 58.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="57.0" title="average temperature: 57.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="54.4" title="average temperature: 54.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="50.8" title="average temperature: 50.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="47.8" title="average temperature: 47.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Fresno[12] data-sort-value="46.6" title="average temperature: 46.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="51.5" title="average temperature: 51.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="56.6" title="average temperature: 56.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="62.0" title="average temperature: 62.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="70.1" title="average temperature: 70.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="77.2" title="average temperature: 77.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="83.0" title="average temperature: 83.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="81.7" title="average temperature: 81.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="76.2" title="average temperature: 76.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="66.2" title="average temperature: 66.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="54.3" title="average temperature: 54.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="46.5" title="average temperature: 46.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Los Angeles[13] data-sort-value="58.0" title="average temperature: 58.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="58.9" title="average temperature: 58.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="60.6" title="average temperature: 60.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="63.1" title="average temperature: 63.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="65.8" title="average temperature: 65.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="69.2" title="average temperature: 69.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="73.3" title="average temperature: 73.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="74.3" title="average temperature: 74.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="73.1" title="average temperature: 73.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="68.6" title="average temperature: 68.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="62.4" title="average temperature: 62.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="57.6" title="average temperature: 57.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Needles[14] data-sort-value="54.2" title="average temperature: 54.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="58.2" title="average temperature: 58.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="64.4" title="average temperature: 64.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="71.9" title="average temperature: 71.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="81.6" title="average temperature: 81.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="90.7" title="average temperature: 90.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="96.6" title="average temperature: 96.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="94.8" title="average temperature: 94.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="87.4" title="average temperature: 87.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="74.7" title="average temperature: 74.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="61.9" title="average temperature: 61.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="52.9" title="average temperature: 52.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Redding[15] data-sort-value="45.7" title="average temperature: 45.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="49.5" title="average temperature: 49.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="53.7" title="average temperature: 53.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="58.3" title="average temperature: 58.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="67.3" title="average temperature: 67.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="75.9" title="average temperature: 75.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="82.2" title="average temperature: 82.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="79.8" title="average temperature: 79.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="74.1" title="average temperature: 74.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="63.6" title="average temperature: 63.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="51.7" title="average temperature: 51.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="45.4" title="average temperature: 45.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Riverside[16] data-sort-value="56.0" title="average temperature: 56.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="57.2" title="average temperature: 57.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="59.7" title="average temperature: 59.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="63.8" title="average temperature: 63.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="68.9" title="average temperature: 68.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="73.9" title="average temperature: 73.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="79.5" title="average temperature: 79.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="80.3" title="average temperature: 80.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="76.8" title="average temperature: 76.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="69.0" title="average temperature: 69.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="60.7" title="average temperature: 60.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="55.1" title="average temperature: 55.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Sacramento[17] data-sort-value="46.3" title="average temperature: 46.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="50.8" title="average temperature: 50.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="54.6" title="average temperature: 54.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="58.7" title="average temperature: 58.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="65.5" title="average temperature: 65.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="71.4" title="average temperature: 71.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="75.2" title="average temperature: 75.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="74.6" title="average temperature: 74.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="71.4" title="average temperature: 71.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="63.9" title="average temperature: 63.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="53.3" title="average temperature: 53.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="46.2" title="average temperature: 46.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
San Diego[18] data-sort-value="57.1" title="average temperature: 57.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="57.9" title="average temperature: 57.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="59.4" title="average temperature: 59.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="61.7" title="average temperature: 61.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="64.0" title="average temperature: 64.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="66.4" title="average temperature: 66.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="70.0" title="average temperature: 70.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="71.6" title="average temperature: 71.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="70.6" title="average temperature: 70.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="66.7" title="average temperature: 66.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="61.3" title="average temperature: 61.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="56.5" title="average temperature: 56.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
San
Francisco[1] 		data-sort-value="51.3" title="average temperature: 51.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="53.9" title="average temperature: 53.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="55.1" title="average temperature: 55.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="56.2" title="average temperature: 56.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="57.6" title="average temperature: 57.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="59.6" title="average temperature: 59.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="60.3" title="average temperature: 60.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="61.6" title="average temperature: 61.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="62.7" title="average temperature: 62.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="61.5" title="average temperature: 61.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="56.6" title="average temperature: 56.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="51.6" title="average temperature: 51.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
San Jose[19] data-sort-value="50.1" title="average temperature: 50.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="53.3" title="average temperature: 53.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="56.2" title="average temperature: 56.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="58.9" title="average temperature: 58.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="63.4" title="average temperature: 63.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="67.5" title="average temperature: 67.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="70.0" title="average temperature: 70.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="70.1" title="average temperature: 70.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="68.5" title="average temperature: 68.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="63.2" title="average temperature: 63.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="55.1" title="average temperature: 55.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="50.0" title="average temperature: 50.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
Santa Rosa[20] data-sort-value="49.1" title="average temperature: 49.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="52.2" title="average temperature: 52.2" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="54.8" title="average temperature: 54.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="57.6" title="average temperature: 57.6" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="61.4" title="average temperature: 61.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="65.9" title="average temperature: 65.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="67.3" title="average temperature: 67.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="67.7" title="average temperature: 67.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="67.4" title="average temperature: 67.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="63.1" title="average temperature: 63.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="54.8" title="average temperature: 54.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="49.0" title="average temperature: 49.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".
South Lake
Tahoe[21] 		data-sort-value="29.5" title="average temperature: 29.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="30.9" title="average temperature: 30.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="35.5" title="average temperature: 35.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="40.4" title="average temperature: 40.4" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="47.9" title="average temperature: 47.9" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="54.7" title="average temperature: 54.7" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="61.1" title="average temperature: 61.1" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="60.3" title="average temperature: 60.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="54.0" title="average temperature: 54.0" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="45.5" title="average temperature: 45.5" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="36.3" title="average temperature: 36.3" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert". data-sort-value="29.8" title="average temperature: 29.8" Template:Average temperature table/color | Script error: No such module "convert".

Statewide records

The highest temperature ever recorded in California was Template:Cvt in Death Valley on July 10, 1913. This is also the highest temperature ever recorded on Earth. The lowest was Template:Cvt in Boca on January 20, 1937.

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Full statistics for selected cities

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Precipitation

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File:CAprecipitation.png
Average annual precipitation
File:Drought area in California.svg
Percent Area in U.S. Drought Monitor Categories

The prevailing westerly winds from the oceans also bring moisture, and the northern parts of the state generally receive higher annual rainfall amounts than the south. California's mountain ranges influence the climate as well: moisture-laden air from the west cools as it ascends the mountains, dropping moisture; some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes. Northwestern California has a temperate climate with rainfall of Script error: No such module "convert". to Script error: No such module "convert". per year. Some areas of Coast Redwood forest receive over Script error: No such module "convert". of precipitation per year.

The Central Valley has a wide range of precipitation. The northern parts of the Central Valley receive substantially greater precipitation from winter storms which sweep down from the Pacific Northwest, while the southernmost regions of the Central Valley are near desert-like because of a lack of precipitation.

The high mountains, including the Sierra Nevada, the Cascade Range, and the Klamath Mountains, have a mountain climate with snow in winter and mild to moderate heat in summer. Ski resorts at Lake Tahoe, Mammoth Lakes, and Mount Shasta routinely receive over Script error: No such module "convert". of snow in a season, and some years, substantially more – leading, for example, to annual ski races on the Fourth of July.

On the east side of the mountains is a drier rain shadow. California's desert climate regions lie east of the high Sierra Nevada and southern California's Transverse Ranges and Peninsular Ranges. The low deserts east of the southern California mountains, including the Imperial and Coachella valleys and the lower Colorado River, are part of the Sonoran Desert, with minimal frost in the winter; the higher elevation deserts of eastern California, including the Mojave Desert, Owens Valley, and the Modoc Plateau, are part of the Great Basin region, which has a more continental climate. During the summer months, especially from July through early September, the region is affected by the Mexican Monsoon (also called the "southwest monsoon"), which drives moisture from the tropical Pacific, Gulf of California, and/or Gulf of Mexico into the deserts, setting off brief, but often torrential thunderstorms, particularly over mountainous terrain.

The ENSO cycle has a huge effect on rainfall and snowfall patterns in California, especially during the winter and spring seasons. During the El Niño phase, the jet stream is located south through California, allowing for warmer temperatures and more heavy rains to occur, particularly in the southern portions of the state. During the La Niña phase, the jet stream is much further north, and therefore the far northern portions of California are wetter, while the southern half stays cool and dry.

Fog

Incidences of dense fog in Los Angeles have been decreasing over time; researchers surmise the change may be a consequence of both the urban heat Island effect and decreased air pollution.[22]

In the Central Valley during the winter months and in times of clear skies and light winds, the moisture from the Pacific can produce the tule fog, which is exceptionally thick fog that is visible on satellite imagery.[23] The tule fog, named after the local tule grass wetlands, can reduce visibility to near zero, making it the primary cause of weather-related traffic accidents in the state. On November 3, 2007, a sudden patch of dense fog along California State Route 99 (SR 99) resulted in a traffic crash involving 108 vehicles in Fresno, which killed two people and at least 36 injuries. Following the accident, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) developed a fog warning system along a Script error: No such module "convert". section of SR 99.[24][25]

Tornadoes

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Across the state, tornadoes develop in three main regions – the Los Angeles area, the deserts of Southern California, the Central Valley. However, they are typically weaker and shorter-lived than tornadoes in the central United States.[26][27] Because of their irregular and short-lived nature, the San Diego National Weather Service considers it "nearly impossible to forecast a Southern California tornado before it touches down." The agency utilizes a volunteer group of more than 1,300 volunteers to report local severe weather.[28] The most California tornadoes on a single day in the state was seven, which occurred on November 9, 1982.[27] In July 2004, a twister touched down in Sequoia National Park at an altitude of around 12,156 ft (3,705 m), making it the highest elevation for a confirmed tornado in the United States.[29]

Tropical cyclones

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Despite its long coastline, California is not vulnerable to tropical cyclones. Because of the cold California Current from the North Pacific Ocean and the fact that the storms tend to "steer" west, California has only been hit with three tropical storms in recorded history, a storm which came ashore in 1939 and dumped heavy rainfall on the Los Angeles area and interior deserts. The remnants of tropical systems will affect California more commonly, every several years.

Wildfires

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File:Zaca3.jpg
Active flame front of the Zaca Fire

Summers in inland California can see temperatures well over Script error: No such module "convert". during the day and less than Script error: No such module "convert". of monthly rainfall, particularly in the southern areas. This makes them prone to wildfires. These can be life-threatening and cause evacuation. Wildfires are less common along the coast because of the cooler, more humid summers, but can occur in autumn when the marine layer is less common, making temperatures warmer and humidity drop significantly.

On occasion, fire whirls or fire tornadoes can develop within wildfires. One such event was rated an EF3, which developed in Redding in Shasta County within the Carr Fire. The fire whirl produced winds over Script error: No such module "convert"., killing four people and injuring six others.[30]

Winds

In February 2017, a winter storm produced a wind gust of Script error: No such module "convert". at Ward Peak in Alpine Meadows ski resort.[31]

Glossary

The following are terms used to describe local or regional weather events.

  • "Earthquake weather": Any nonseasonal, uncomfortable weather, typically hot and more humid than usual, and often associated with high and mid-level clouds, is spoken of as "earthquake weather", although there is no scientific basis for that relationship.[32]
  • Marine layer: The cool, moist layer of air coming in from the ocean which typically includes fog. A standard weather phenomenon along the northern and central California coast from late spring to early fall.
  • May Gray/June Gloom: A characteristic weather pattern of late spring (May and June) in which a combination of inland heat, off-shore cool water, and prevailing wind patterns bring foggy and overcast weather to coastal regions. From Point Conception northwards the gloom continues until early autumn. (See also: Catalina eddy)
  • Pineapple Express: A complex combination of events, bringing high levels of torrential precipitation to California. The Pineapple Express occurs when the jet stream dips across California, and warm, humid air from the mid-Pacific (from the vicinity of Hawaii–hence, the name) is drawn towards California. The resulting combination can cause extraordinarily heavy rains. A January 2005 Pineapple Express dropped nearly 25 inches (63.5 cm) of rain in Santa Barbara County.
  • Santa Ana winds: Santa Anas are hot, high winds that blow from the eastern mountains and deserts towards coastal southern California, usually in the spring and fall. They are the result of air pressure buildup between the Sierra Nevada and the Rocky Mountains. This air mass spills out, is pulled by gravity, and circulates clockwise around the high pressure area, bringing winds from the east and northeast; as the air descends in elevation, it heats up and the humidity plummets to less than 15 percent. It is often said that the air is heated and dried as it passes through the nearby deserts, but according to meteorologists this is a popular misconception (it is actually due to adiabatic compression as the air flows from the higher elevations down to sea level); during Santa Ana conditions, it is typically hotter along the coast than in the deserts. As the Santa Ana winds are channeled through the mountain passes they can approach hurricane force. The combination of speed, heat, and dryness turns the chaparral into explosive fuel for wildfires.
  • Tule fog: A thick ground fog that settles in the San Joaquin Valley and Sacramento Valley areas of the California Central Valley. Tule fog forms during the mid fall, winter to early spring after the first significant rainfall. This phenomenon is named after the tule grass wetlands of the Central Valley. Tule fog can extend from Bakersfield to Chico. Accidents caused by the tule fog are the leading cause of weather-related deaths in California; visibility is usually less than an eighth of a mile (about 600 feet or 183–200 m), but can be less than 10 feet (3 m).

See also

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ a b Template:WRCC
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  3. ↑ average temperatures in Walnut Creek.
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". compared to Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
  5. ↑ 1981–2010 Monthly Climate Normals
  6. ↑ Template:WRCC
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  9. ↑ Template:WRCC
  10. ↑ Template:WRCC
  11. ↑ Template:WRCC
  12. ↑ Template:WRCC
  13. ↑ Template:WRCC
  14. ↑ Template:WRCC
  15. ↑ Template:WRCC
  16. ↑ Template:WRCC
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  18. ↑ Template:WRCC
  19. ↑ Template:WRCC
  20. ↑ Template:WRCC
  21. ↑ Template:WRCC
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  27. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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