Cicerbita

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Cicerbita is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Asia and Europe.[1][2] They are known commonly as blue sow thistles.[3] The word Cicerbita is from the Italian, meaning "chickory-like", a comparison to Cichorium, the chicory genus.[4]

Description

Cicerbita are usually perennial plants, often with rhizomes.[5] Annual species are also known.[6] The leaves are undivided or pinnate. The flower head has 5 to 30 florets in shades of blue or purple, or occasionally white[5] or yellow.[6] The achene is ribbed and has a pappus of bristles and hairs.[5]

Systematics

The plants of this genus were included in genus Lactuca, the lettuces, until 1822,[7] when the first of them were separated based on the morphology of the fruits.[6] The definition of the genus is still in debate and very unclear.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Cicerbita:[8]

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  • Cicerbita acuminata Grossh.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita adenophora (Boiss. & Kotschy) BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita alii Roohi Bano & QaiserScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita auriculiformis (C.Shih) N.KilianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita azurea (Ledeb.) BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita benthamii (C.B.Clarke) Roohi Bano & QaiserScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita boissieri (Rouy) C.JeffreyScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita bourgaei (Boiss.) BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita brassicifolia (Boiss.) BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita chiangdaoensis H.KoyamaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Thailand
  • Cicerbita crambifolia (Bunge) BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita crassicaulis (Trautv.) BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita cyprica (Rech.f.) M.Güzel, Coșkunç. & N.KilianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita deltoidea (M.Bieb.) BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita × favratii WilczekScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita garrettii (Kerr) H.KoyamaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita kovalevskiana Kirp.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita ladyginii (Tzvelev) N.KilianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita macrophylla (Willd.) Wallr.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita madatapensis GagnidzeScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita microcephala (DC.) M.Güzel, Coșkunç. & N.KilianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita mulgedioides BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita neglecta (Tzvelev) N.KilianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita nepalensis Kitam.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Nepal
  • Cicerbita nuristanica Kitam.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Afghanistan
  • Cicerbita olgae LeskovScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita pancicii BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita persica BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita picridiformis (Boiss.) Roohi Bano & QaiserScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita plumieri (L.) Kirschl.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita prenanthoides (M.Bieb.) BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita putii (Kerr) H.KoyamaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita racemosa (Willd.) BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita rechingeriana (Tuisl) Coșkunç., M.Güzel & N.KilianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita roborowskii (Maxim.) BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita rosea (Popov & Vved.) Krasch. ex Kovalevsk.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita sonchifolia (Vis. & Pančić) BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita songarica (Regel) Krasch.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita subplumosa (Kovalevsk.) M.Güzel, Coșkunç. & N.KilianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita thianschanica BeauverdScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Altay Republic, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Xinjiang
  • Cicerbita variabilis (Bornm.) Bornm.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Cicerbita zeravschanica PopovScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". – Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
  • Cicerbita zhenduoi (S.W.Liu & T.N.Ho) N.KilianScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Uses

Cicerbita alpina is eaten as a vegetable in Italy, part of its native range. The young shoots are boiled and served in olive oil or tomato sauce. They are considered a delicacy and can be had in restaurants.[9] The shoots in oil can be purchased in markets under the local name insalata dell'orso ("bear salad").[4] The plant is collected from the wild and there is some concern that it may be threatened with overexploitation, so local ordinances now limit wild collection in some areas. Field trials are underway to examine the possibility of cultivating the plant in agriculture.[9]

References

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  1. ↑ Wallroth, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm. 1823. Schedulae Criticae de Plantis Florae Halensis Selectis. Corollarium novum ad C. Sprengelii Floram halensem. Accedunt generum quorundam specierumque omnium definitiones novae, excursus in stirpes difficiliores. Tom. I. Phanerogamia 1: 433
  2. ↑ Tropicos, Cicerbita Wallr.
  3. ↑ Genus Cicerbita Wallr. Template:Webarchive Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  4. ↑ a b Scartezzini, F., et al. (2012). Domestication of alpine blue-sow-thistle (Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr.): six year trial results. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 59(3) 465-71.
  5. ↑ a b c Cicerbita. Flora of China.
  6. ↑ a b c Bano, R. and M. Qaiser. (2010). The genus Cicerbita Wallr. (Cichoriae-Asteraceae) in Pakistan and Kashmir. Pakistan Journal of Botany 42, 35-56.
  7. ↑ Chu, S. (1991). On circumscription of the genus Cicerbita Wall., and two new genera of Compositae from Sino-Himalayan Region. Template:Webarchive Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 29(5) 394-417.
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b Scartezzini, F., et al. Domestication and field management trials of Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallr. In: First International Conference on Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use. September 14–17, 2005. Agrigento, Sicily, Italy. pg. 14-17.

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