Chitwan District

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Chitwan District (Template:IPAc-en, Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA".) is one of seventy-seven districts of Nepal, and takes up the southwestern corner of Bagmati Province. Bharatpur, largest city of Nepal after Kathmandu, is its administrative centre. It covers Template:Convert, and in 2011 had a population of 579,984 (279,087 male and 300,897 female) people.[1] Bharatpur is the commercial and service centre of South Central Nepal and a major destination for higher education, health care and transportation in the region. Chitwan lies in the Terai region of Nepal. It is in the drainage basin of the Gandaki River and is roughly triangular, taking that river as its meandering northwestern border, and a modest watershed border, with India, as the basis of its southern limit. Local government: Bharatpur Metropolitan, Rapti Municipality, Ratnanagar Municipality, Kalika Municipality, Khairahani Municipality, Madi Municipality, Ikshyakamana Gaupalika

History

The district takes its name from the Chitwan Valley, one of Nepal's Inner Terai valleys between the Mahabharat and Siwalik ranges, both considered foothills of the Himalayas.

Chitwan is one of the few remaining undisturbed vestiges of the Terai region, which formerly extended over the foothills of Nepal.Template:Clarify It was originally a dense forest with wild animals like leopards and Bengal tigers. It was ruled by Chitrsen Baba and rishis meditated in the forest.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".[2]

Etymology

There are several theories on the origin of the name Chitwan:

  • The name Chitwan is a composite of the Sanskrit words चित्त, transliterated "citta" meaning heart, and वन, transliterated "vana" meaning jungle or forest.[3][4] Thus, the meaning of Chitwan is Heart of the Jungle.
  • Chitwan was a dense forest ruled by the Tharu God-King Chitrasen Baba, thought to an incarnation of Vishnu. Today, the Tharu worship his idol during HariBodhini Ekadashi in Chitrasari en route to the village of Sauraha. Ban (वन) is the local word for a forest, according to this theory, the area was called Chitra Ban (Chitrasen's forest) which then became Chitwan.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • The Chitwan forests were populated by leopards and Bengal tigers and, since the Tharu term for a leopard is Chitri, the area became Chitwan.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • Chitra is also the Tharu word for religious drawings. You can see lots of Chitra in Tharu traditional house and, hence, "Chitra ban" became Chitwan. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Religious Sites

File:Balmiki ashram 2.jpg
Valmiki Ashram
  • Shivaghat
  • Devghat
  • Bikram-Baba Temple
  • Krishna Mandir Temple

Agriculture and industry

The people inhabiting the Chitwan District are predominantly peasant farmers cultivating mainly food and cash crops such as rice, maize, wheat, beans, lentils, mustard and Vegetables. The district is the major maize-producing area in Nepal, with an area under maize cultivation of Template:Convert in the year 2003–04. Maize is cultivated on irrigated /seasonal irrigated land in winter and spring, and on rain fed land in summer. Because it is easily accessible by good roads, maize produced in the district can be easily distributed to other parts of the country. Poultry is also a significant industry in Chitwan.[5]

Chitwan is famous in Nepal for mustard growing and production of mustard oil. This popularity of the mustard in Chitwan is attributed to the predominant soil type silt, resulting from the flooding of the Narayani River and its tributaries. The land of Chitwan is also spotted with clay, which is very good for growing rice, wheat and vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, radish, potatoes, broccoli, cucumbers, pumpkins, sweet potatoes and carrot. Chitwan is also famous for floriculture, mushroom cultivation and bee keeping.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Chitwan has adopting the South Korean New Community Movement model of development. One of the biggest rice mills in Nepal, Agam Food Industry, is situated in Bharatpur and is a big source of local employment.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Cuisine

Chitwan is known for Taas (Template:Langx), a spicy fried goat meat dish served with bhuja or chiura. Momo, Bhuteko Bhat (fried rice), and sukuti are other popular dishes. Dal bhat (steamed rice and lentils), is the staple food of the area, though meat and dairy products are also consumed. Other popular cuisines include Newari and Tharu and Thakali and Madheshi. For centuries, traditional fermented foods and beverages have constituted about 20% of the local diet. Depending on altitudinal variation, finger millet, wheat, buckwheat, barley, vegetable, rice, potato, and soybeans etc. are grown.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Gallery

Geography

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". The Rapti River flows east to the southwest in the south of Bharatpur and forms the northern border of the Chitwan National Park. The Narayani River flows north to south to the west of Bharatpur. It is the deepest and one of the biggest rivers in Nepal. The Narayani Bridge over the river connects Chitwan District with Nawalparasi District of Nepal.

Chitwan is particularly rich in flora and fauna. Nepal's first national park, the Chitwan National Park together with the adjacent Parsa National Park support a diversity of species that is much higher than elsewhere on the Indian subcontinent. Rare species include Bengal tiger, gharial, rhino, leopards, mugger crocodile, Indian rock python and several species of deer. The protected areas are guarded by a battalion of the Nepal Army and patrolled by anti-poaching units.[6] Bishazari Tal ("20 Thousand") Lake is near Chitwan National Park, about Template:Convert south of Bharatpur. The lake is an important bird-watching center.

Krishna Mandir is One of the nice temples of the Hindu religion of Nepal. This is the temple of the god Krishna. There is no statue of the god in this temple. Its interior is made of mirrors all over the wall. The historical event of the god Krishna is shown on the wall. There is one place inside where there is a statue of the god Krishna and his wife.

Transportation and communication

File:Chitwan 8 April - (02) 2.jpg
Bharatpur Airport

Bharatpur Airport is the only airport in the region and has flights to and from Kathmandu. Mahendra Highway, the main east–west highway in Nepal, runs through the region and, Prithvi Highway a north–south highway from the border with India to Kathmandu runs through the district. Narayangarh is the main transit point for vehicles travelling via the east–west Mahendra Highway and also for people travelling from Kathmandu, Gorkha, and Pokhara through Mugling.

There are numerous local FM radio stations broadcasting from Bharatpur: Synergy FM,[7] Hamro FM, Radio Triveni, Radio Madi, Radio Chitwan,[8] Radio Kotagiri, Chitwan Online FM, Kalika Music FM, Kalika FM.[9] and Narayani FM. Television channels include Beso Channel, Aviyan Channel, Unique Television and Avass Television. There are multiple private Internet service providers. Fibre connectivity and 4G internet is available in the larger cities.

Landmark buildings

  • Upardanghari fort, in the old headquarters of Chitwan district, is believed to have been built by Satrubhanjan Shah, the son of Prince Bahadur Shah to defend the newly founded Kingdom Template:Which in the 17th century.
  • Kasara Durbar is an old palace built by the Rana Regime inside Chitwan National Park. Currently, it serves as the park office and museum.
  • Diyalo Bangala Palace (Aptari Bharatpur) was the spring season palace used by the Shah Dynasty of Nepal. This palace was built by late king Mahendra Bir Bikram Shahdev to rest in during winter season. It is located on the banks of Narayani River in Bharatpur Municipality ward no. 2.
  • DAO Building Bharatpur: This old building was built in the period of shifting the headquarters from Upardangghari. Now is used as an office of the chief district officer.
  • Bharatpur Covered hall: Hall in guesthouse of Bharatpur for indoor games.
  • Umbrella Street. This street has about 480 colourful hanging umbrellas that provide a serene atmosphere for guests.[1]

Geography and climate

Climate Zone[10] Elevation Range % of Area
Lower tropical below Template:Convert 58.2%
Upper tropical Template:Convert 32.6%
Subtropical Template:Convert 6.7%

Major places

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Demographics

Template:Historical populations

At the time of the 2021 Nepal census, Chitawan District had a population of 719,859. 7.01% of the population is under 5 years of age. It has a literacy rate of 83.68% and a sex ratio of 1046 females per 1000 males. 683,634 (94.97%) lived in municipalities.[11]

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Ethnicity wise: Khas were the largest group, making up 40% of the population. Hill Janjatis are the second-largest group, making up 31% of the population. Tamangs were the largest Hill Janjatis, with Magars being 11% of the population. Chhetri and Bahun made up 20% of the population.[12]

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As their first language, 67.79% of the population spoke Nepali, 9.52% Tharu, 4.94% Tamang, 3.32% Chepang, 3.24% Gurung, 3.22% Magar, 2.48% Bhojpuri, 2.03% Nepal Bhasha and 1.02% Darai as their first language.[13] In 2011, 70.1% of the population spoke Nepali as their first language.[14]

Religion in Chitawan District (2021)[15]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 81.43%
Buddhism
 
 12.48%
Christianity
 
 4.19%
Islam
 
 1.33%
Other or not stated
 
 0.57%

Religion: 81.43% of the population is Hindu, 12.48% Buddhist, 4.19% Christian and 1.33% Islam.[15]

Administration

The district consists of seven municipalities, out of which one is a metropolitan city, five are urban municipalities and one is a rural municipality.[16]

Former municipalities and gaunpalikas

File:NepalChitawanDistrictmap.png
Map of the VDC/s in Chitwan District

Prior to the restructuring of the districtTemplate:When, Chitwan had following gaunpalikas and municipalities.[17]

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Health care

Chitwan district is known for its hospitals and has many top rated medical institutions, mostly in and around Bharatpur Municipality.Bharatpur is colloquially known as medical city of Nepal. The district is especially known for the B. P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital at Krishnapur and two of the reputed medical colleges of the nation;College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur and Chitwan Medical College. Chitwan ranks only behind the capitalKathmandu, in terms of hospital facilities in Nepal. Medical facilities in the district also include Bharatpur Hospital, a part of the Bharatpur medical college; Chitwan Eye Hospital; Sairam Dental Hospital and Research Center; Maula Kalika Hospital; and Narayani Community Hospital.

Educational institutions

File:Rampur AG campus.jpg
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur

Most of the educational institutions in this region provide quality education to the students from Chitwan and neighboring districts too. These schools and colleges focus on the development of skills and knowledge of their students. Among them:

  • Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, also known as the Rampur Agriculture Campus, is the agriculture institution under Tribhuvan University, and is the main institution in the fields of agriculture and veterinary science in Nepal. Occupying a huge area, this campus has been declared a university, the Agriculture and Forestry University.
  • Secondary School Gawai, Gawai, Khairahani 13
  • Aadikabi Bhanubhakta Secondary School, Narayangarh, bharatpur - 1
  • Apex Educational Academy, a higher secondary school in Bharapur
  • Apex academy in Kshetrapur
  • Birendra higher secondary school
  • Boston International College, Hakim chowk, Bharatpur-10 (affiliated to Pokhara University)[18]
  • Central English Boarding School
  • Chitwan Health Foundation and Research Center was established in Bharatpur as the nursing School of Chitwan Hospital and Health Foundation
  • Chitwan Hotel Training Center in Bharatpur
  • Chitwan Medical College and Research Centre, Dipendranagar, Bharatpur
  • Chitwan Science College and Orchid Science College
  • College of Medical Sciences: a 700-bed teaching hospital in Dipendranagar, Bharatpur.
  • Crystal College, Ratnanagar
  • Daisy English Higher Secondary Boarding School, Khairahani - 4, Parsa
  • Divya Jyoti Basic School, Harnari, Khairahani 13
  • Gawai Secondary School, Khairahani 13, Gawai
  • Grandee English Boarding School, Bharatpur-19
  • Himalayan Secondary English Boarding School, Ratnanagar-1, Bakulahar
  • Holy Vision Public School, Yagyapuri, Bharatpur-4
  • Indreni ICT college, affiliated to Tribhuvan University, located at Muktinagar, Bharatpur
  • International college is a college of higher education and runs the HSEB and TU affiliated BBS and MBS programs in management streams.
  • Jan Aadrash multiple campus Birendranagar is the public campus in Birendranagar ward no. 2.
  • Jana Jagriti Higher Secondary School, Pithuwa – 3, Pithuwa
  • Kalika English Boarding School
  • Kamal Devi English School
  • Kankali Secondary School, Khairahani - 1
  • Lead Academy for Science and Management Technology
  • Little Flower English school, Belchowk
  • Little Stars Secondary English Boarding School. Bharatpur 7, Krishnapur
  • Madi secondary school, Madi-3 Basantapur
  • Maiya Devi Girls College, Dipendranagar, Bharatpur
  • Nepal Police School Bharatpur-14
  • New Capital College
  • Paragon Secondary School, Ratnanagar-10, Chitwan
  • Polar Star Secondary English School, Bharatpur-8, Chitwan
  • Pragati Shiksha Sadan, East Rampur, Chitwan
  • Prembasti Secondary School, Bharatpur 7 Prembasti
  • Prerana Higher Secondary School
  • Presidency college in Dipendranagar
  • SOS Hermann Gmeiner Higher Secondary School
  • Sagarmatha Secondary Boarding School, Ratnanagar
  • Saheed Smriti Multiple campus, Shantichowk is the biggest campus of eastern Chitwan.
  • Sainik Awashiya Mahavidhyalaya Chitwan, operated by Nepal army welfare fund, provided education in high school level.
  • Saptagandaki Multiple Campus is the largest public campus in the city, located in Dipendranagar ward no. 10, Bharatpur.
  • School of Health Science
  • Shanti Academy college in Bharatpur
  • Shanti Vidya Mandir English School, Bharatpur-11, Chitwan
  • Shree Medical and Technical College located in Bharatpur is affiliated to the Purbanchal University and CTEVT.Template:Clarify
  • Shree Prembasti Higher Secondary School, Bharatpur-7, Chitwan
  • Shree Sharadpur Higher School
  • Sirjana English Secondary School, Located behind Central Bus Terminal (Paras Buspark)
  • Skyrider boarding school, ra.na.pa-13, ameliya
  • Small heaven School
  • Someshwor higher secondary school Madi-01 Baruwa
  • Sun Rise English school, Bharatpur 10
  • Valmiki Shiksha Sadan Higher Secondary School provides higher secondary education
  • Xavier college in Bel chowk
  • SOS Hermann Gmeiner School Bharatpur, Bharatpur-8, Chitwan
  • shree arunodaya higher secondary school,bharatpur 6 geetanagar chitwan.

Source: Center for Education and Human Resource Development

Notable people

See also

References

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External links

Template:Sister project Template:Wikivoyage

Template:Chitwan District Template:Districts of Nepal Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named National Population and Housing Census 2022(National Report)
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Sanskrit-English Dictionary spokensanskrit.de: Sanskrit word चित्त
  4. ↑ Sanskrit-English Dictionary spokensanskrit.de: Sanskrit word वन
  5. ↑ Paudel, P. and A. Matsuoka (2008). Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Maize Varieties in Nepal: A Case Study of Chitwan District Template:Webarchive. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2(4): 823–834.
  6. ↑ Gurung, K. K. (1983). Heart of the Jungle: The Wildlife of Chitwan, Nepal. André Deutsch, London.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Nepali PM Prachanda Sworn In. English.cri.cn. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ CPN-Maoist Gen Secy Thapa bereaved of father. thehimalayantimes.com. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  22. ↑ About Shristi Shrestha – Miss Nepal Template:Webarchive. shristishrestha.org. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  23. ↑ Regmi no more. ekantipur.com. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  24. ↑ Book launch program. Template:Webarchive. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  25. ↑ 'That's My Love Story' Bimochan.. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  26. ↑ Santosh Kalwar – The Kathmandu Post.. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  27. ↑ The Shadows, Nepal First Hard Rock Band. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  28. ↑ https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/public-purpose/people/masters-students/mpa-class-2022-23/sushant-subedi
  29. ↑ Nirmal Purja – eKantipur Retrieved 25 November 2021
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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