Chinese adjectives
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Chinese adjectives (Template:Zh) differ from adjectives in English in that they can be used as verbs[1] (for example Template:Zh; lit.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". "sky black <templatestyles src="smallcaps/styles.css"/>perfective") and thus linguists sometimes prefer to use the terms static or stative verb to describe them.
Attributive (before nouns)
When a noun is modified using an adjective, the associative particle Script error: No such module "Lang". de is inserted between the adjective and the noun. For example, Script error: No such module "Lang".<templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />Script error: No such module "Lang".Script error: No such module "Lang". gāo xìng <templatestyles src="Template:Color/styles.css" />de hái zi "happy child". Script error: No such module "Lang". is sometimes omitted to reduce repetitiveness (e.g., two or more instances of Script error: No such module "Lang". within a sentence); it is also omitted in some establishedScript error: No such module "Unsubst". adjective-noun pairs to improve sentence flow (e.g., the TV show Script error: No such module "Lang". in China). It is also more typical to omit Script error: No such module "Lang". when a single-syllable adjective is used than for a multi-syllable adjective (e.g., compare Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) with Script error: No such module "Lang".). In general, there are no strict rules regarding when Script error: No such module "Lang". can be omitted; however, some adjectives and adjective-noun pairs are more often seen without the associative particle than others.
Some examples:
- <templatestyles src="Ruby/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Ruby-zh-p/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Lang". <templatestyles src="Ruby/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Ruby-zh-p/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Lang". （Script error: No such module "Lang".）— "bad person"
- <templatestyles src="Ruby/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Ruby-zh-p/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Lang". <templatestyles src="Ruby/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Ruby-zh-p/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Lang". <templatestyles src="Ruby/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Ruby-zh-p/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Lang". — "strange person"
- <templatestyles src="Ruby/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Ruby-zh-p/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Lang". <templatestyles src="Ruby/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Ruby-zh-p/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Lang". <templatestyles src="Ruby/styles.css" /><templatestyles src="Ruby-zh-p/styles.css"/>Script error: No such module "Lang". （Script error: No such module "Lang".）— "cute panda"
Predicative (after nouns)
First pattern
Unlike English, subjects and predicate adjectives in a Chinese sentence are not linked by copula but by degree adverbs, such as Script error: No such module "Lang". hěn "very," Script error: No such module "Lang". hǎo "highly", Script error: No such module "Lang". zhēn "really," and Script error: No such module "Lang". fēicháng "extraordinarily, extremely." For example, the following sentences express increasing degrees of "beauty":
Template:Fs interlinear Template:Fs interlinear Template:Fs interlinear Template:Fs interlinear
A complementary adverb (e.g. Script error: No such module "Lang". jí le) can also specify the degree of an adjective: Template:Fs interlinear
NB: Script error: No such module "Lang". often functions as a dummy linkingScript error: No such module "Unsubst". adverb and does not carry the meaning of "very". For example, Script error: No such module "Lang". is often understood and translated as "She is beautiful".
Besides, in colloquial Chinese the pattern "Script error: No such module "Lang"." (sǐ le, literally "to death") or "Script error: No such module "Lang"." is sometimes used in exaggeration to highlight the extent of influence, where AA is an adjective and BB is the thing being affected. Examples include
- "Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Script error: No such module "Lang". rè = hot) - meaning "It's so hot [to the extent that I cannot bear any more]"
- "Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Script error: No such module "Lang". è = hungry) - meaning "[I feel] so hungry [to the extent that I cannot bear any more]"
- "Script error: No such module "Lang"." - meaning "I feel so hot [to the extent that I cannot bear any more]"
Second pattern
The linking verb Script error: No such module "Lang". shì (to be) is used with adjectives in the pattern—Noun + Script error: No such module "Lang". + Adj + Script error: No such module "Lang".—to state or emphasize a fact or a perceived fact. For example:
Template:Fs interlinear Template:Fs interlinear Template:Fs interlinear
Since Script error: No such module "Lang". is a possessive particle, and the following noun is understood here, more precise translations would be "He is a male one", "That car is a new one", and "That cat is a black one".
Parts of speech
References
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