Buwal language

Buwal, also known as Ma Buwal, Bual, or Gadala, is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Cameroon in Far North Province in and around Gadala.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Lateral alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labialized velar	Labial-velar
Nasal	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink			Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
Voiceless plosive	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink			Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
Voiced plosive	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink			Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
Prenasalized plosive	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink			Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
Implosive	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
Voiceless affricate		Template:IPAlink
Voiced affricate		Template:IPAlink
Prenasalized affricate		Template:IPAlink
Voiceless fricative	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink		Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
Voiced fricative	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink		Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
Flap	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
Approximant			Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink		Template:IPAlink

The labiodental flap is marginal, only occurring in two native Buwal words. The labial-velar plosives are also marginal; in particular, only occurs in one word, the ideophone .

Buwal has the vowels , which can occur in high, middle, or low tone. Each vowel has a variety of phonetic realizations. can occur as , and can occur as . The schwa can be analyzed as a solely epenthetic vowel. These vowels occur as rounded allophones when adjacent to a labialized consonant, and as front vowels when the word is palatalized.

Palatalization in Buwal occurs across an entire word, and also affects the affricate consonants , which surface as in a palatalized word. As a result, all of the vowels within a single word are either front or back, producing vowel harmony. An example of this contrast is between 'rat' (underlyingly ), which is non-palatalized, and (underlyingly ) 'turtle', which is palatalized. This process does not affect loanwords, e.g. 'oil' (from Fulfulde ) or 'school' (from French ). Some loanwords have been modified to accommodate Buwal phonology, e.g. 'tea', from Fulfulde .