Barkam
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Toponymy
Barkam comes from the Tibetan "place of strong fire" and, by extension, "place of prosperity".[1]
History
Historically, Barkam belonged to the Somang Tusi (Template:Lang-zh), one of the Gyalrong Tusi.[1] The area was administered as three units: Zhuokeji (Template:Lang-zh), Zonggag (Template:Lang-zh), and Tamba (Template:Lang-zh).[1]
During the Qin dynasty, the area belonged to Jiandi Dao.[3] It belonged to Template:Interlanguage link during the Han dynasty.[3] During the Tang and Song dynasties, the area was part of the Jimi system.[3] The area was governed by the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs during the Yuan dynasty.[3] During the reign of the Yongle Emperor during the Ming dynasty, the area belonged to the Template:Interlanguage link.[3] During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty, the area was brought under the control of the Template:Interlanguage link.[3] Under the subsequent Jiaqing Emperor, the area was reorganized as the Template:Interlanguage link.[3]
During the Republic of China, the area was organized as Lifan County (Template:Lang-zh).[3]
People's Republic of China
In December 1950, officials from nearby Mao County embarked on a mission to establish temporary governing committees in the area of present-day Barkam.[3] The People's Republic of China established control of the area in August 1951.[3] In September 1951, the area was incorporated as the Situ Aba Provisional Military Government Committee (Template:Lang-zh).[1][3] In April 1953, Barkam was organized as the Barkam Office (Template:Lang-zh).[1][3] Barkam was reorganized as a county on April 21, 1956.[3]
In 1957, the areas of Sizhai (Template:Lang-zh), Template:Interlanguage link (Template:Lang-zh), and Template:Interlanguage link (Template:Lang-zh) were moved from Barkam County to nearby Hongyuan County.[1]
In November 2015, the State Council agreed to reorganize Barkam as a county-level city.[1][3]
On December 18, 2019, the Department of Civil Affairs of Sichuan Province approved the merger of the now-defunct town of Template:Interlanguage link into the town of Barkam.[4]
Geography
Barkam is located within the southwest portion of Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, in northwest Sichuan.[2] The city is located on the southern edge of the Template:Interlanguage link.[2] Major rivers that flow through Barkam include the Template:Interlanguage link, the Chabao River (Template:Lang-zh), and the Template:Interlanguage link.[2] Barkam's canyons are densely forested, with major tree genus's including fir, spruce, larch, birch, and oak.[5] Quercus semecarpifolia, a species of oak tree, is present in Barkam.[5]
Fauna
The forests in the mountains are home to various protected animals such as leopards, Thorold's deer, sika deer, takin, and various birds.[5]
Climate
Due to its elevation, Barkam lies in the transition between a subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb) and humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with strong monsoonal influences; winters are frosty and summers warm with frequent rain. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from Script error: No such module "convert". in December and January to Script error: No such module "convert". in July, while the annual mean is Script error: No such module "convert".. Nearly two-thirds of the annual precipitation of Script error: No such module "convert". occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 36% in June to 65% in December, the town receives 2,133 hours of bright sunshine annually. Diurnal temperature variation is large, averaging Script error: No such module "convert". annually.
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Administrative divisions
Barkam administers the following three towns and 10 townships:[6]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Pinyin | Tibetan[7]Template:Better source needed | Wylie[7]Template:Better source needed | Qiang[7]Template:Better source needed | Population (2010 Chinese Census)[1] | Administrative division code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | ||||||||
| Barkam (Mar'erkang) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | Template:Bo-textonly | Script error: No such module "lang". | Bbadh kangw seqea | 30,547 | 513201100 | |
| Template:Interlanguage link (Songgang) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | Template:Bo-textonly | Script error: No such module "lang". | 2,104 | 513201102 | ||
| Template:Interlanguage link (Sha'erzong) |
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| Townships | ||||||||
| Template:Interlanguage link (Suomo) |
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| Template:Interlanguage link (Baiwan) |
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| Tamba Township (Dangba) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | Template:Bo-textonly | Script error: No such module "lang". | 2,698 | 513201202 | ||
| Template:Interlanguage link (Mu'erzong) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | Template:Bo-textonly | Script error: No such module "lang". | 1,359 | 513201203 | ||
| Template:Interlanguage link (Jiaomuzu, Jomzhu) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | Template:Bo-textonly | Script error: No such module "lang". | 3,302 | 513201204 | ||
| Template:Interlanguage link (Long'erjia) |
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| Template:Interlanguage link (Dazang) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | Template:Bo-textonly | Script error: No such module "lang". | 1,067 | 513201207 | ||
| Template:Interlanguage link (Kangshan) |
Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "lang". | Template:Bo-textonly | Script error: No such module "lang". | 1,599 | 513201208 | ||
| Template:Interlanguage link (Caodeng) |
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| Template:Interlanguage link (Ribu) |
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Demographics
As of the 2010 Chinese Census, Barkam has a population of 58,437.[1] This represents an increase from the 55,046 recorded in the 2000 Chinese Census.[1] Barkam had a population of 54,735 in 1999.[8] In 1996, Barkam had an estimated population of 54,000.[1]
As of 2016 government figures, 77.41% of Barkam is classified as ethnically Tibetan, while 18.09% is ethnically Han Chinese, 2.97% is ethnically Qiang, 1.20% is ethnically Hui, and the remaining 0.34% belong to other ethnic groups.[9]
The area is traditionally inhabited by a branch of Rgyalrong people who speak the Situ language.[10] Template:Interlanguage link hosts a unique dialect of Situ.[11]
Economy
As of 2021, Barkam has a gross domestic product (GDP) of about 4.6 billion renminbi (RMB).[12] This represents an approximate 70% increase from 2016.[12] GDP per capita as of 2021 was approximately 78,000 RMB, also a 70% increase from 2016.[12]
Barkam is home to over 1,300 ingredients used in traditional Chinese medicine, including many derived from local deer, bears, cattle, fungus, and lilies.[5]
Transport
- China National Highway 317[2]
- Sichuan Provincial Highway 210[2]
Tourism
Major historical sites in Barkam include:
- Template:Interlanguage link[2]
- Template:Interlanguage link[2]
- Zonggag Zhibo Stone Blockhouse Group (Template:Lang-zh)[2]
- Red Army Slogan Stone Inscription (Template:Lang-zh)[2]
- Zhuomu Blockhouse Meeting Site (Template:Lang-zh)[2]
Notes
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- ↑ National Population Statistics Materials by County and City - 1999 Period, in China County & City Population 1999, Harvard China Historical GIS
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External links
- Template:In lang Maerkang County Government site Template:Webarchive - Google translation
- Template:In lang Maerkang - bashu.net - Google translation
Template:County-level divisions of Sichuan Template:Authority control