Banjarese language
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The Banjar or Banjarese (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang"., Jawi: Template:Script/Arabic) is an Austronesian language of the Malayic branch predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to Banjar regions— in the southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banjarese language is the Script error: No such module "Lang". lingua franca for various indigenous community especially in South Kalimantan, as well as Central Kalimantan (notably in Seruyan Regency and Sukamara Regency) and East Kalimantan in general.
Apart from the native Banjarese in Indonesia, the Banjarese language also spoken by little Banjarese diaspora abroad (such as in Brunei, Malaysia (notably in Sabah and Perak), and Singapore); however, they tend to not use it as their primary language, and their fluency degree is questionable.
Dialects
There are at least two divisions of dialects within the Banjarese language:
According to Cense,[6] the Banjar Hulu dialect are predominantly spoken by Banjarese people in the South Hulu Sungai Regency and North Hulu Sungai Regency regions. Berangas language, a Barito language that is almost extinct in South Kalimantan, also has a close relationship with Banjar Kuala dialect, where it absorbs much of the Banjarese language vocabulary, but lexically it is closer to other Barito languages, especially Bakumpai language.[7]
Phonology
Consonants
The consonantal inventory of Banjarese language is shown below. All but Script error: No such module "IPA". occur at the onset of a syllable:[8]
- Template:IPAblink is an allophone of Template:IPAslink at the end of a word.
- The following consonants can close a CVC syllable: Script error: No such module "IPA".. Words cannot begin with consonant clusters. Within a root, an NC sequence will always be homorganic, though reduplication and a few prefixes such as sing- can produce other sequences, e.g. Script error: No such module "IPA".. Other medial sequences include Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA"..[2]
Vowels
Sudarmo finds five monophthongs:[8]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |
| Mid | Template:IPA link | (Template:IPA link) | Template:IPA link |
| Open | Template:IPA link |
Template:IPA blink is an allophone of Template:IPA slink.
Durasid finds three monophthongs and three diphthongs in Pahuluan Banjarese:[2]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | Template:IPA link | Template:IPA link | |
| Open | Template:IPA link |
Regionally, Script error: No such module "IPA". has an allophone Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". has an allophone Script error: No such module "IPA".. The diphthongs are Script error: No such module "IPA".. Loans with /e/ or /o/ are assimilated to these three vowels. E.g. Script error: No such module "Lang". is realized as Script error: No such module "IPA".. However, since most Banjarese speakers are effectively bilingual, this realization becomes rarer.
Alphabet
The standard alphabet is as follows:[9]
See also
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References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ A.A.Cee - E.M. Uhienbeck, Critical Survey of Studies on the Language of Borneo, 'S-Gravenhage-Martinus Nijhoff. 1958, hal. 9.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Bibliography
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External links
Template:Languages of Indonesia Template:Languages of Malaysia Template:Greater North Borneo languages