Army National Guard

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Use American English Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Short description The Army National Guard (ARNG) is an organized militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States Army. It is simultaneously part of two different organizations: the Militia of the United States (consisting of the ARNG of each state, most territories, and Washington D.C.), as well as the federal ARNG, as part of the National Guard as a whole (which includes the Air National Guard). It is divided into subordinate units stationed in each state or insular area, responsible to their respective governors or other head-of-government.[1]

The Guard's origins are usually[2] traced to the city of Salem, Massachusetts, in 1636. That year a regiment of militia drilled for the first time to defend a multi-community area within what is now the United States.[3][4]Template:Efn

Activation

The ARNG operates under Title 10 of the United States Code when under federal control, and Title 32 of the United States Code and applicable state laws when under state control. It may be called up for active duty by the state or territorial governors to help respond to domestic emergencies and disasters, such as those caused by hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, as well as civil disorder.[1] The District of Columbia Army National Guard is a federal militia, controlled by the president of the United States with authority delegated to the secretary of defense, and through him to the secretary of the Army.[5]

Members or units of the ARNG may be ordered, temporarily or indefinitely, into United States service.[6][7] If mobilized for federal service, the member or unit becomes part of the U.S. ARNG, which is a reserve component of the U.S. Army.[8][9][10] Individuals volunteering for active federal service may do so subject to the consent of their governors.[11] Largely on the basis of a 1990 U.S. Supreme Court decision, governors generally cannot veto involuntary activations of individuals or units for federal service, either for training or national emergency.[12]

The president may also call up members and units of the ARNG, in its status as the militia of the several states, to repel invasion, suppress rebellion, or enforce federal laws.[13] The Army National Guard is one of two organizations administered by the National Guard Bureau, the other being the Air National Guard. The director of the ARNG is the head of the organization, and reports to the chief of the National Guard Bureau. Because the ARNG is both the militia of the several states and a federal reserve component of the Army, neither the chief of the National Guard Bureau nor the director of the ARNG "commands" it. This operational command authority is performed in each state or territory by the state adjutant general, and in the District of Columbia by the commanding general of the D.C. National Guard when a unit is in its militia status. While under federal activation, the operational command authority is transferred to the commanders of the unified combatant commands, who command all U.S. forces within their area of responsibility. The chief of the National Guard Bureau and the director of the ARNG serve as the channel of communications between the Department of the Army and the ARNG in each state and territory, and administer federal programs, policies, and resources for the National Guard.[14]

The ARNG's portion of the president's proposed federal budget for the 2018 fiscal year is approximately $16.2 billion to support an end strength of 343,000, including appropriations for personnel pay and allowance, facilities maintenance, construction, equipment maintenance and other activities.[15]

History

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File:Arriving at Fort Jackson for Basic Training (2017).webm
ARNG recruits arriving at Fort Jackson for BCT

The Army National Guard is constantly reorganizing. Many storied formations with valiant battle histories have obscure descendants in the mid-2020s. Some have been renamed or inactivated. Some have had subordinate units reallocated to other commands. A partial list of inactivated major formations includes:

File:47th Division Shoulder Patch.svg
Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 47th Infantry Division, inactivated in 1991
File:50th US Armored Division SSI.svg
Shoulder sleeve insignia of the 50th Armored Division, inactivated in 1993

Units and formations

Deployable Army units are organized as Table of organization and equipment (TOE) organizations or modified table of organization and equipment (MTOE) organizations. Non-deployable units, such as a state's joint force headquarters or regional training institutes are administered as Table of distribution and allowance (TDA) units.[38]

Commands

Divisions

In addition to many deployable units which are non-divisional, the Army National Guard's deployable units include eight infantry divisions.[39] These divisions, their subordinate brigades or brigades with which the divisions have a training oversight relationship, and the states represented by the largest units include:[40]

Army Aviation Magazine wrote on 31 March 2021 that "The ARNG is pressing forward with the Division Alignment for Training (DIV AFT) effort. The DIV AFT intent is to enhance leader development and training readiness through codified relationships across echelons and states to develop combat capable division formations for large scale combat operations. The Director, ARNG. recently convened a DIV AFT Initial Planning Conference to clarify unit alignments for all eight ARNG Division Headquarters and synchronize activities that will facilitate unity of effort between Division Headquarters and aligned for training States."[41]

Multifunctional Support Brigades

The Army National Guard fields 37 multifunctional support brigades.

Maneuver Enhancement Brigades

Field Artillery Brigades

Sustainment Brigades

Military Intelligence Brigades

Functional Support Brigades and Groups

Engineer Brigades

Air Defense Artillery Brigades

Theater Tactical Signal Brigades

Military Police Brigades

Theater and Combat Aviation Brigades

Other brigades

Other Groups

Regular Army – Army National Guard Partnership

In 2016, the Army and the Army National Guard began a training and readiness initiative that aligned some Army brigades with National Guard division headquarters, and some National Guard brigades with Army division headquarters. Among others, this program included the National Guard's 86th Infantry Brigade Combat Team becoming affiliated with the Army's 10th Mountain Division[43] and the National Guard's 1st Battalion, 143rd Infantry Regiment affiliating with the Army's 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team.[44] In addition, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division began an affiliation with the National Guard's 36th Infantry Division.[45]

Army units partnering with Army National Guard headquarters include:

By state

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The Army and Air National Guard in each state are headed by the state adjutant general. The adjutant general (TAG) is the de facto commander of a state's military forces, and reports to the state governor.[46]

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Leadership

File:National Guard Bureau organizational chart.jpg
National Guard Bureau organizational chart depicting command and reporting relationships
File:Army National Guard staff org. chart.jpg
Army National Guard staff organizational chart
File:Lt. Gen. Jon A. Jensen is new Army National Guard director 200810-A-QU728-074.jpg
Chief of the National Guard Bureau Gen. Daniel R. Hokanson administers the oath of office to Lt. Gen. Jon A. Jensen as the 22nd director of the Army National Guard on Monday, 10 August 2020 at the Temple Army National Guard Readiness Center in Arlington, Virginia.

Upon the creation of the United States Air Force in 1947, the National Guard Bureau was organized into two divisions; Army National Guard and Air National Guard. Each were headed by a major general who reported to the chief of the National Guard Bureau. The head of the Army National Guard was originally established as the chief of the Army Division at the National Guard Bureau. The position was downgraded to brigadier general in 1962 due to force reduction. It was renamed to Director of the Army National Guard and elevated back to major general in 1970. The position was later elevated to the rank of lieutenant general in 2001. The Army National Guard is also authorized a deputy director which was originally established as a brigadier general office in 1970. It was elevated to the rank of major general in 2006.

The director of the Army National Guard oversees a staff which aids in planning and day-to-day organization and management. In addition to a chief of staff, the director's staff includes several special staff members, including a chaplain and protocol and awards specialists. It also includes a primary staff, which is organized as directorates, divisions, and branches. The directorates of the Army National Guard staff are arranged along the lines of a typical American military staff: G-1 for personnel; G-2 for intelligence; G-3 for plans, operations and training; G-4 for logistics; G-5 for strategic plans, policy and communications; G-6 for communications; and G-8 for budgets and financial management.

List of chiefs and directors

No. Commander Term
Portrait Name Took office Left office Term length
Chiefs of the Army Division at the National Guard Bureau

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Directors of the Army National Guard

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Prominent members

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U.S. presidents

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(Note: President George W. Bush served in the National Guard in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and he was the first Air National Guard member to attain the presidency.)[92]

See also

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ National Archives and Records Administration, Executive Order 11485—Supervision and control of the National Guard of the District of Columbia, 1 October 1969
  6. ↑ 10 USC 12211. Officers: Army National Guard of the United States
  7. ↑ 10 USC 12107. Army National Guard of United States; Air National Guard of the United States: enlistment in
  8. ↑ 32 USC 101. Definitions (NATIONAL GUARD)
  9. ↑ 10 USC 12401. Army and Air National Guard of the United States: status
  10. ↑ 10 USC 10105. Army National Guard of the United States: composition
  11. ↑ North Atlantic Treaty organization, Fact Sheet, National Reserve Forces Status: United States of America, 2006, p. 1
  12. ↑ National Guard Bureau, Today in Guard History (June), 11 June 1990, 2013
  13. ↑ 10 USC 12406. National Guard in Federal service: call
  14. ↑ Cornell University, legal Information Institute, 10 USC § 10503 – Functions of National Guard Bureau: Charter, accessed 20 June 2013
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ National Guard Educational Foundation, 26th Infantry Division, 2011
  17. ↑ National Guard Educational Foundation, 27th Infantry Division, 2011
  18. ↑ National Guard Educational Foundation, 27th Armored Division, 2011
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ National Guard Educational Foundation, 30th Infantry Division, 2011
  21. ↑ Tuscaloosa News, 31st Dixie Division Turning to Armor, 19 January 1968.
  22. ↑ Wisconsin Historical Society, Dictionary of Wisconsin History, Red Arrow Division Template:Webarchive, accessed 19 June 2013
  23. ↑ New York Times, Illinois Commander of Guard Replaced, 4 March 1968
  24. ↑ Al Goldberg, Toledo Blade, Taps Sounds for Ohio Guard's Famed 37th, 18 February 1968
  25. ↑ National Guard Education Foundation, 39th Infantry Division Template:Webarchive, 2011
  26. ↑ California State Military Museum, Lineages and Honors of the California National Guard: 40th Armored Brigade Headquarters and Headquarters Company, accessed 19 June 2013
  27. ↑ Tri-City Herald, Taps for the 41st, 8 June 1967
  28. ↑ Washington Army National Guard, Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 81st Brigade Combat Team Template:Webarchive, 2007
  29. ↑ Associated Press, The Telegraph, Yankee Infantry Division is Facing Reorganization, 30 November 1967
  30. ↑ Eugene Register-Standard, Army Disbands 44th Division, 18 September 1954
  31. ↑ National Guard Education Foundation, 45th Infantry Division, 2011
  32. ↑ National Guard Educational Foundation, 46th Infantry Division, 2011
  33. ↑ Minnesota Military Museum, The 47th "Viking" Infantry Division, 1991
  34. ↑ National Guard Educational Foundation, 48th Armored Division Template:Webarchive, 2011
  35. ↑ Texas Army National Guard, History of the 36th Infantry Division Template:Webarchive, accessed 19 June 2013
  36. ↑ Texas Military Forces Museum, 36th Infantry Division, The "Texas" Division, accessed 19 June 2013
  37. ↑ U.S. House Appropriations Committee, Hearing Record, Department of Defense Appropriations for 1995, Volume 1, 1994, p. 296
  38. ↑ U.S. Army Center of Military History, History of Table of Distribution and Allowances (TDA) Units, 30 May 1995, updated 20 May 2011.
  39. ↑ Richard Goldenberg, U.S. Army, National Guard Division Leaders Gather to Face Challenges for Missions at Home, Overseas, 9 June 2010.
  40. ↑ University of North Texas, U.S. Army National Guard Template:Webarchive, 17 January 2013
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Cotton Puryear (29 September 2017). "91st Cyber Brigade activated as Army National Guard's first cyber brigade". army.mil. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Bowling Green Daily News, Guard's Command Structure Unique in the Armed Forces, 27 June 1999
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Hardesty's Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia, Military and Personal Sketches of Ohio's Rank and File from Sandusky County in the War of the Rebellion, 1885, republished on the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center web site
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  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Newburgh Daily Journal, "Death of General Harrison", 14 March 1901
  83. ↑ Muncie Free Press, Daniels adds President Benjamin Harrison to Hoosier Heritage Portrait Collection Template:Webarchive, 20 March 2009
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  88. ↑ Bill Bleyer, Long Island Newsday, "Roosevelt's Medal of Honor Coming to LI", 21 February 2001
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links

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