Alsea language

Alsea Template:IPAc-en or Alsean (also Yakonan) and Yaquina were two closely related speech varieties spoken along the central Oregon coast until the early 1950s. They are sometimes taken to be different languages, but it is difficult to be sure given the poor state of attestation; Mithun believes they were probably dialects of a single language. They are commonly held to be components of a language isolate.

Classification

Alsea is usually considered to belong to the Penutian phylum, and may form part of a Coast Oregon Penutian subgroup together with Siuslaw and the Coosan languages. Numerous lexical resemblances between Alsea and the Northern Wintuan languages, however, are more likely the result of borrowing about 1,500 years ago when the (Northern) Wintuan speech community appears to have been located in Oregon. Alsea is also considered to be a language isolate.

Varieties

• Alsea
  • Alsea (Alséya) Template:Extinct
  • Yaquina (Yakwina, Yakona) Template:Extinct

Both are now extinct.

The name Alsea derives from the Coosan name for them, alsí or alsí·, and the Marys River Kalapuyan name for them, alsí·ya. Alsea was last recorded in 1942 from the last speaker, John Albert, by J. P. Harrington. Albert died in 1951.

The name Yaquina derives from the Alsean name for the Yaquina Bay and the Yaquina River region, yuqú·na. Yaquina was last recorded in 1884 by James Owen Dorsey.

Phonology

Consonants

Alsea had 34 consonants:

		Labial	Alveolar		(Alveolo-) palatal	Velar		Uvular		Glottal
			plain	lateral		plain	labialized	plain	labialized	plain	labialized
Plosive/ Affricate	plain	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink		Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
	ejective	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
Fricative				Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlinkTemplate:Efn
Sonorant	plain	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink		Template:IPAlink
	glottalized	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink		Template:IPAlink

, and are spelled as s, c and c̓ in modern descriptions. Their phonetic value has been described as "palatal", or "between alveolar and palatal".

Vowels

	Front	Back
High	Template:IPAlink	Template:IPAlink
Low	Template:IPAlink

Three vowels are listed as . Long vowel variants of are . A mid vowel Template:IPAslink occurs as a phonetically inserted vowel sound.

Further reading

• Alsea Indian Language (Yaquina, Yakona, Alsean, Alse)
• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. Template:ISBN.
• OLAC resources in and about the Alsea language