Al-Sumayriyya

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Al-Sumayriyya (Template:Langx, Katasir in Canaanite times, Someleria during Crusader rule), was a Palestinian village located six kilometers north of Acre that was depopulated after it was captured by the Israel Defense Forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.[1] The ruins of the village are today in the outskirts of the Israeli moshav of Regba.

History

File:Sumeiriya.jpg
al-Sumayriyya, 1948
File:Sumayriyya cemetery.jpg
Al-Sumayriyya's old cemetery, July 2008

Tall al-Sumayriyya contains carved stones, a mosaic floor, tombs, columns, and stone capitals. Khirbat Abu 'Ataba has an Islamic shrine and ceramic fragments.[2]

In the Crusader era, it was mentioned in 1277 under the name of Somelaria.[3] At the time, the village belonged to the Templars.[4] In the hudna of 1283 between Al Mansur Qalawun and the Crusaders, Al-Sumayriyya was still under Crusader rule[5][6] while in 1291 it had come under Mamluk control.[7]

A building with a court-yard, measuring 60,5 by 57 meters, dating from the Crusader era, has been noted in the village, and a 13th-century glass-factory has been excavated.[4]

Ottoman era

It was mentioned in the Ottoman defter for the year 1555-6, named Summayriyah, located in the Nahiya of Akka of the Liwa of Safad, and with its land designated as Sahi land, that is, land belonging to the Sultan.[8]

In 1738 Richard Pococke passed by the place, which he called Semmars. He thought the name came from "St. Mary's", and noted the remains of a wall of hewn stone, which he thought had belonged to a convent.[9]

A map by Pierre Jacotin from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 showed the place, named as El Esmerieh.[10]

In 1875 Victor Guérin found the village had 400 Muslim inhabitants.[11] In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described the place as a village of "mud and stone houses, containing about 200 [..] Moslems, situated on the plain, surrounded by a few clumps of olives and figs and arable land; two or three cisterns are in the village, the aqueduct near brings good water."[12]

A population list from about 1887 showed the village to have about 270 inhabitants; all Muslims.[13]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities Semariyeh had a population of 307; 300 Muslims and 7 Christians,[14] where all the Christians were Maronite.[15] This had increased in the 1931 census to 392, 390 Muslims, 1 Christian and 1 Jew, in a total of 92 houses.[16]

Al-Sumayriyya had an elementary school for boys, which was founded in 1943. In 1945, it had an enrollment of 60 students. One mosque which remains.[2]

In 1944/1945 the village had a population of 760 Muslims,[17] with a total of 8,542 dunams of land.[18] Of this, 6,854 dunams were allocated to grain crops; 354 dunams were irrigated or planted with orchards,[19] while 28 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[20]

1948, and aftermath

At the beginning of 1945, al-Sumayriyya's 760 inhabitants were all Arab Muslims. The inhabitants fled as a result of the 14 May 1948 assault on the village by the Carmeli Brigade during Operation Ben-Ami, one day before the official outbreak of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.[1] The village - along with neighbouring al-Bassa and al-Zib which were also captured in the offensive - was subsequently destroyed, except its mosque.[21]

Lohamei HaGeta'ot and Shomrat are both on village land.[22] Morris writes that Bustan HaGalil was built near its site,[23] however, Khalidi writes that Bustan HaGalil is on the land of Al-Manshiyya.[24] Shavey Tziyon and Regba are close to the northern borders of Al-Sumayriyya, but were established on land that used to belong to Mazra'a.[22]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Khalidi, 1992, p. 30
  3. ↑ Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. 366-367, No. 1413; cited in Pringle, 1998, pp. 332-333
  4. ↑ a b Pringle, 1997, p. 96
  5. ↑ Raynaud, 1887, p. 243, no. 490
  6. ↑ Barag, 1979, p. 205, no. 26
  7. ↑ Raynaud, 1887, p. 243, no. 490; cited in Pringle, 1998, pp. 332-333
  8. ↑ Rohde, 1979, p. 97
  9. ↑ Pococke, 1745, vol II, p. 78; referenced in Pringle, 1997, p. 96
  10. ↑ Karmon, 1960, p. 162 Template:Webarchive.
  11. ↑ Guérin, 1880, p. 161
  12. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 147. Also cited in Khalidi, 1992, p.30
  13. ↑ Schumacher, 1888, p. 172
  14. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. 36
  15. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. 49
  16. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 103
  17. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  18. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  19. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 81
  20. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 131
  21. ↑ Tal, 2004, pp. 104-105.
  22. ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  23. ↑ Morris, 2004, p.xxi, settlement #36. December 1948
  24. ↑ Khalidi, 1992, p.23

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Bibliography

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Pococke, 1745, vol 2, p. 54; cited in Pringle, 2009, p. 233
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External links

Template:Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War Template:Authority control

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