Aimaq dialect
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" />Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters". Aimaq or Aimaqi (Template:Langx) is a Persian dialect[1] and the dominant eastern Persian ethnolect spoken by the Aimaq people in central northwest Afghanistan (west of the Hazarajat) and eastern Iran. It is close to the Dari varieties of Persian.[2] The Aimaq people are thought to have a 5–15% literacy rate.[3]
Dialects
Subdialects of Aimaq dialect include:[1]
- Chinghizi
- Firozkohi
- Jamshidi
- Maliki
- Mizmast
- Taimani
- Taimuri
- Teimuri
- Zainal
- Zohri
Phonology
Phonetically, as one of the eastern Persian dialects, the Aimaq dialect resembles a formal or classical form of Persian.
Vowels:
- The "majhul" vowels ē / ī and ō / ū are still kept separate, whereas in western Persian they are merged as ī and ū respectively. For instance, the identically written words شیر 'lion' and 'milk' are in western Persian both pronounced [šīr], but in Aimaq [šēr] for 'lion' and [šīr] for 'milk'. The long vowel in زود 'quick' and زور 'strong' is realized as [ū] in western Persian, in contrast, these words are pronounced as [zūd] and [zōr] respectively by Aimaq speakers.
- The diphthongs of early Classical Persian aw (as ow in Engl. cow) and ay (as i in English ice) have in Aimaq become Script error: No such module "IPA". (as in Engl. low) and Script error: No such module "IPA". (as in Engl. day). Dari, on the other hand, is more archaic, e.g. نوروز 'Persian New Year' is realized as Script error: No such module "IPA". in Iranian, and Script error: No such module "IPA". in Aimaq, and نخیر 'no' is uttered as Script error: No such module "IPA". in Iranian, and as Script error: No such module "IPA". in Aimaq.
- The high short vowels [i] and [u] tend to be lowered in western Persian to [e] and [o].
- Script error: No such module "IPA".Script error: No such module "Unsubst". and Script error: No such module "IPA". are in Aimaq kept separate in word-final positions, unlike western Persian, where Script error: No such module "IPA". has Script error: No such module "IPA". as a word-final allophone.
Consonants:
- Aimaq still retains the (classical) bilabial pronunciation Script error: No such module "IPA". of the labial consonant و, which is realized as a voiced labiodental fricative Script error: No such module "IPA". in western Persian. Script error: No such module "IPA". is found in Aimaq as an allophone of f before voiced consonants.
- The voiced uvular stop Script error: No such module "IPA". (ق) and voiced velar fricative Script error: No such module "IPA". (غ) are still kept separate in Aimaq. They have coincided in western Persian (probably under the influence of Turkic languages like Azeri and Turkmen).[4]
See also
References
Footnotes
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ A. Pisowicz, Origins of the New and Middle Persian phonological systems (Cracow 1985), p. 112-114, 117.
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Notations
- Clifton, John M. (ed.) (2005) Studies in languages of Tajikistan North Eurasia Group, SIL International, St Petersburg, Russia, OCLC 122939499
Script error: No such module "Navbox".Template:Authority controlTemplate:Ie-lang-stub