Ă
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Ă (upper case) or ă (lower case), usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian and Vietnamese orthographies. In Romanian, it is used to represent the mid-central unrounded vowel, while in Vietnamese it represents the short a sound. It is the second letter of the Romanian, Vietnamese, and the pre-1972 Malaysian alphabets, after A.
Ă/ă is also used in several languages for transliteration of the Bulgarian letter Ъ/ъ.[1]
Romanian
The sound represented in Romanian by ă is a mid-central vowel Template:IPAslink, i.e. schwa.[1][2] Unlike in English, Catalan and French but like in Indonesian (using e rather than ă), the vowel can be stressed.[3] There are words in which it is the only vowel, such as măr Script error: No such module "IPA". ("apple") or văd Script error: No such module "IPA". ("I see"). Additionally, some words that also contain other vowels can have the stress on ă like cărțile Script error: No such module "IPA". ("the books") and odăi Script error: No such module "IPA". ("rooms"). Another grapheme <a> with diacritic in Romanian is <â>.
Vietnamese
Ă is the 2nd letter of the Vietnamese alphabet and represents Script error: No such module "IPA".. Because Vietnamese is a tonal language this letter may have any one of the 5 tonal symbols above or below it (or even no accent at all, since the Vietnamese first tone is identified by the lack of accent marks, see also Vietnamese phonology): Ằ ằ, Ắ ắ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ặ ặ.[4]
Malay
The sound represented in pre-1972 Malaysian orthography by ă is a vowel. It occurred in the final syllable of the root word such as lamă Script error: No such module "IPA". ("long", "old"), mată Script error: No such module "IPA". ("eye"), and sană Script error: No such module "IPA". ("there"). The letter was replaced in 1972 with a in the New Rumi Spelling.
Balinese
Ă or ă are used in Balinese romanization, e.g. Kabupatén Tăbăṅan (Tabanan Regency ).
Pronunciation respelling for English
In some systems for Pronunciation respelling for English including American Heritage Dictionary notation, ă represents the short A sound, Template:IPAc-en.
Character mappings
See also
- A with breve (Cyrillic), Cyrillic letter а with breve, visually indistinguishable
- Breve
References
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