83rd United States Congress

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox United States Congress

The 83rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1953, until January 3, 1955, during the last two weeks of the Truman administration, with the remainder spanning the first two years of Dwight Eisenhower's presidency. It was composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The apportionment of seats in the House was based on the 1950 U.S. census.

The Republicans gained the majority in both chambers, winning back full control of Congress for the first time since the 80th Congress in 1947, and with Dwight Eisenhower being sworn in as president on January 20, 1953, this gave the Republicans an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 71st Congress in 1929, and the last time until they briefly did so during the 107th Congress in 2001. Template:TOC limit

Major events

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Major legislation

File:EisenhowerAtomicEnergyAct.jpg
President Eisenhower signs the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.

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Party summary

Until the last week of the first session of Congress, Republicans had a 48-47-1 tied-plurality in the Senate which Republican Vice President Richard Nixon broke in the GOP’s favor. At the start of the second session, to account for whenever the Senate became tied 47-47-1 or when the Democrats held the plurality the Republican-turned-Independent, Wayne Morse, caucused with the GOP which gave them a tie-breaking majority, allowing continuity in GOP control of the Senate and the overall trifecta of government. Thus Republican leader William Knowland remained Senate Majority Leader, Democratic leader Lyndon B. Johnson remained Senate Minority Leader, and the GOP remained continuously in control of the Senate committees. Wayne Morse would begin caucusing with Democrats at the start of the next Congress in 1955 to give them Senate control.

Senate

Affiliation Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" |
Democratic Independent Republican Vacant
End of previous Congress 47 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 95 1
Begin 47 1 rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 96
June 26, 1953Template:Efn 46 95 1
July 10, 1953Template:Efn 47 96
July 24, 1953Template:Efn 47 95 1
July 31, 1953Template:Efn style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 47 46 94 2
August 14, 1953Template:Efn 47 47 95 1
November 10, 1953Template:Efn rowspan=1 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 96
January 6, 1954Template:Efn 48 rowspan=1 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 1Template:Efn rowspan=1 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 47 96
April 12, 1954Template:Efn style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 1Template:Efn 46 95 1
April 16, 1954Template:Efn 48 rowspan=18 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"| 1Template:Efn rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"| 47 96
May 12, 1954Template:Efn 47 95 1
June 5, 1954Template:Efn 48 96
June 19, 1954Template:Efn 47 95 1
June 24, 1954Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 96
July 1, 1954Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"| 47 95 1
July 3, 1954Template:Efn rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 96
September 1, 1954Template:Efn 46 95 1
September 6, 1954Template:Efn 47 96
September 28, 1954Template:Efn 46 95 1
September 6, 1954Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 49 96
November 2, 1954Template:Efn 47 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48
November 2, 1954Template:Efn 48 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"| 47
December 15, 1954Template:Efn 47 rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48
December 23, 1954Template:Efn 46 95 1
December 24, 1954Template:Efn 47 96
December 31, 1954Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"| 47 95 1
January 1, 1955Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 96
Final voting share 49% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 1% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 50%
Beginning of the next Congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"| 1 47 96

House of Representatives

Republican majority in the House becomes a plurality after the end of the last Congressional session.

Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total Vacant
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" |
Democratic Independent Republican
End of previous Congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 228 1 198 427 8
Begin 211 1 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 221 433 2
End 212 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 213 426 9
Beginning of next Congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 231 0 203 434 1

Leadership

Senate

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Caucuses

Members

Senate

Senators are popularly elected statewide every six years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Within each state, senators are listed in order of seniority. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1954; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1956; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1958.

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House of Representatives

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Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Ordinal US Congress change |- | North Carolina
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Willis Smith (D) | Died June 26, 1953.
Successor appointed July 10, 1953. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alton Lennon (D) | July 10, 1953

|- | New Hampshire
(3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles W. Tobey (R) | Died July 24, 1953.
Successor appointed August 14, 1953. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert W. Upton (R) | August 14, 1953

|- | Ohio
(3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert A. Taft (R) | Died July 31, 1953.
Successor appointed November 10, 1953. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas A. Burke (D) | November 10, 1953

|- | Nebraska
(2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dwight Griswold (R) | Died April 12, 1954.
Successor appointed April 16, 1954. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Eva Bowring (R) | April 16, 1954

|- | North Carolina
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Clyde R. Hoey (D) | Died May 12, 1954.
Successor appointed May 12, 1954 and then elected November 2, 1954. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Sam Ervin (D) | June 5, 1954

|- | Wyoming
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lester C. Hunt (D) | Died June 19, 1954.
Successor appointed June 24, 1954. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edward D. Crippa (R) | June 24, 1954

|- | Nebraska
(1) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Hugh A. Butler (R) | Died July 1, 1954.
Successor appointed July 3, 1954. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel W. Reynolds (R) | July 3, 1954

|- | South Carolina
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Burnet R. Maybank (D) | Died September 1, 1954.
Successor appointed September 6, 1954. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles E. Daniel (D) | September 6, 1954

|- | Nevada
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Pat McCarran (D) | Died September 28, 1954.
Successor appointed October 1, 1954. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Ernest S. Brown (R) | October 1, 1954

|- | Nebraska
(1) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel W. Reynolds (R) | Did not run in the special election to fill seat.
Successor elected November 2, 1954. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Roman Hruska (R) | November 8, 1954

|- | Nebraska
(2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Eva Bowring (R) | Did not run in the special election to fill seat.
Successor elected November 2, 1954. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Hazel Abel (R) | November 8, 1954

|- | New Hampshire
(3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert W. Upton (R) | Lost special election to fill seat.
Successor elected November 2, 1954. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Norris Cotton (R) | November 8, 1954

|- | North Carolina
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alton Lennon (D) | Lost special election to fill seat.
Successor elected November 2, 1954. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | W. Kerr Scott (D) | November 29, 1954

|- | Wyoming
(2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edward D. Crippa (R) | Did not run in the special election to fill seat.
Successor elected November 2, 1954. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D) | November 29, 1954

|- | Nevada
(3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Ernest S. Brown (R) | Lost special election to fill seat.
Successor elected November 2, 1954. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alan Bible (D) | December 2, 1954

|- | Ohio
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas A. Burke (D) | Lost special election to fill seat.
Successor elected November 2, 1954. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | George H. Bender (R) | December 16, 1954

|- | South Carolina
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles E. Daniel (D) | Resigned December 23, 1954.
Successor appointed December 24, 1954. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Strom Thurmond (D) | December 24, 1954

|- | Nebraska
(2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Hazel Abel (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954.
Successor was appointed January 1, 1955. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Carl Curtis (R) | January 1, 1955

|}

House of Representatives

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Ordinal US Congress change |- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep. Edward E. Cox died during previous congress | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | J. L. Pilcher (D) | February 4, 1953

|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep. Adolph J. Sabath died during previous congress | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | James Bowler (D) | July 7, 1953

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Thomas B. Stanley (D) | Resigned February 3, 1953, to run for Governor of Virginia | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | William M. Tuck (D) | April 14, 1953

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Joseph R. Bryson (D) | Died March 10, 1953 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Robert T. Ashmore (D) | June 2, 1953

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Garrett Withers (D) | Died April 30, 1953 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | William Natcher (D) | August 1, 1953

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Merlin Hull (R) | Died May 17, 1953 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Lester Johnson (D) | October 13, 1953

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Norris Poulson (R) | Resigned June 11, 1953, after being elected Mayor of Los Angeles | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Glenard P. Lipscomb (R) | November 10, 1953

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Clifford P. Case (R) | Resigned August 16, 1953 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Harrison A. Williams (D) | November 3, 1953

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Joseph Rider Farrington (R) | Died June 19, 1954 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Mary Elizabeth Pruett Farrington (R) | August 4, 1954

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Louis B. Heller (D) | Resigned July 21, 1954, after being appointed judge of the Court of Special Sessions of New York City | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Albert Sidney Camp (D) | Died July 24, 1954 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John Flynt (D) | November 2, 1954

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Paul W. Shafer (R) | Died August 17, 1954 | rowspan=8 |Vacant | rowspan=8 |Not filled this term

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Robert T. Secrest (D) | Resigned September 26, 1954

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Norris Cotton (R) | Resigned November 7, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Roman Hruska (R) | Resigned November 8, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Dwight L. Rogers (D) | Died December 1, 1954

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| George H. Bender (R) | Resigned December 15, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Carl Curtis (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap| Jacob Javits (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954, after being elected New York attorney General

|}

Committees

Template:List of Congressional Committees instructions

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

External links

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