77th United States Congress

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox United States Congress The 77th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1941, to January 3, 1943, during the ninth and tenth years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1930 United States census.

Both chambers maintained a Democratic majority - with the Senate being a supermajority. With the reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt to a then record third term, the Democrats maintained an overall federal government trifecta.

This was the first Congress to have more than one Senate president (John Garner and Henry Wallace) due to the passage of the 20th Amendment in 1933.

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File:President Franklin D. Roosevelt-1941.jpg
President Franklin Roosevelt signing the Lend-Lease Act, March 11, 1941.
File:Fdr delivers speech.jpg
President Roosevelt delivering the "Infamy Speech" to Congress, requesting a declaration of war, December 8, 1941. Behind him are Vice President Henry Wallace (left) and House Speaker Sam Rayburn. To the right, in uniform in front of Rayburn, is Roosevelt's son James, who escorted his father to the Capitol.
File:Franklin Roosevelt signing declaration of war against Japan.jpg
President Roosevelt signing the declaration of war against Japan, December 8, 1941

Major events

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Major legislation and resolutions

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Select committees

Leadership

Senate

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

House of Representatives

Majority (Democratic) leadership

Minority (Republican) leadership

Party summary

Senate

File:Membership of the 77th United States Senate by state.svg
Senate composition by state Template:Legend striped Template:Legend striped Template:Legend striped Template:Legend striped Template:Legend striped

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House of Representatives

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Members

Senate

Senators are elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1942; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1944; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1946.

Currently, this is the last Congressional session in which the Democratic Party commanded all Senate seats from the South.

Currently, this is the second and last Congressional session in which Wyoming sent 3 democrats to Congress (senators Joesph C. O'Mahoney and Harry Schwartz, as well as representative at-large John J. McIntyre).

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House of Representatives

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Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

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|- | West Virginia
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Matthew M. Neely (D) | Resigned January 12, 1941, after being elected Governor of West Virginia.
Successor was appointed to serve until a special election, which he subsequently lost. In addition, successor took oath of office after the Senate resolved a challenge to the appointment. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph Rosier (D) | January 13, 1941

|- | Arkansas
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John E. Miller (D) | Resigned March 31, 1941, after being appointed judge for the US District Court for the Western District of Arkansas.
Successor was appointed to finish the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | G. Lloyd Spencer (D) | April 1, 1941

|- | Texas
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Morris Sheppard (D) | Died April 9, 1941.
Successor was appointed to serve until a special election. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Andrew Jackson Houston (D) | April 21, 1941

|- | Mississippi
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Pat Harrison (D) | Died June 22, 1941.
Successor was appointed to serve until a special election. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Eastland (D) | June 30, 1941

|- | Texas
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Andrew Jackson Houston (D) | Died June 26, 1941.
Successor was elected to finish term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | W. Lee O'Daniel (D) | August 4, 1941

|- | South Carolina
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James F. Byrnes (D) | Resigned July 17, 1941, after being appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Successor was appointed to serve until a special election. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alva M. Lumpkin (D) | July 22, 1941

|- | South Carolina
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alva M. Lumpkin (D) | Died August 1, 1941.
Successor was appointed to serve until a special election. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Roger C. Peace (D) | August 5, 1941

|- | Mississippi
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Eastland (D) | Appointee did not seek election to finish term.
Successor was elected September 28, 1941, to finish term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Wall Doxey (D) | September 29, 1941

|- | South Carolina
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Roger C. Peace (D) | Appointee did not seek election to finish term.
Successor was elected November 4, 1941, to finish term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Burnet R. Maybank (D) | November 5, 1941

|- | Colorado
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alva B. Adams (D) | Died December 1, 1941.
Successor was appointed to serve until the November 3, 1942, special election, which he won. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Eugene Millikin (R) | December 20, 1941

|- | West Virginia
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph Rosier (D) | Appointee lost election November 17, 1942, to finish the term.
Successor was elected to finish term. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Hugh Shott (R) | November 18, 1942

|- | Minnesota
(2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph H. Ball (R) | Appointee did not seek election to finish term.
Successor was elected November 17, 1942, to finish term. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Arthur E. Nelson (R) | November 18, 1942

|- | Nevada
(1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Berkeley L. Bunker (D) | Appointee lost election December 7, 1942, to finish the term.
Successor was elected to finish term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James G. Scrugham (D) | December 7, 1942 |}

House of Representatives

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|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Sam C. Massingale (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 17, 1941 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Victor Wickersham (D) | April 1, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Kenneth F. Simpson (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died January 25, 1941 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph C. Baldwin (R) | March 11, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Walter W. Bankhead (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned February 1, 1941 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Carter Manasco (D) | June 24, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William D. Byron (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died February 27, 1941 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Katharine Byron (D) | May 27, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Colgate Darden (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 1, 1941, to run for Governor of Virginia | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Winder R. Harris (D) | April 8, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Pius L. Schwert (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 11, 1941 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John C. Butler (R) | April 22, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alonzo D. Folger (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 30, 1941 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John H. Folger (D) | June 14, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Morris M. Edelstein (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died June 4, 1941 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Arthur G. Klein (D) | July 29, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Stephen Bolles (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 8, 1941 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lawrence H. Smith (R) | August 29, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Albert G. Rutherford (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died August 10, 1941 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Wilson D. Gillette (R) | November 4, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edward T. Taylor (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 3, 1941 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert F. Rockwell (R) | December 9, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Wall Doxey (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September 28, 1941, after being elected to the US Senate | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jamie L. Whitten (D) | November 4, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lee E. Geyer (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 11, 1941 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Cecil R. King (D) | August 25, 1942 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lawrence J. Connery (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died October 19, 1941 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas J. Lane (D) | December 30, 1941 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Joseph Smith (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned November 4, 1941, after being appointed judge for the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph E. Talbot (R) | January 20, 1942 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Harold Flannery (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 3, 1942, after becoming judge of common pleas for Luzerne County, PA | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas B. Miller (R) | May 19, 1942 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph A. McArdle (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 5, 1942, after being elected to the Pittsburgh City Council | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Elmer J. Holland (D) | May 19, 1942 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Patrick J. Boland (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died May 18, 1942 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Veronica G. Boland (D) | November 3, 1942 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Arthur D. Healey (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 1, 1942, after being appointed judge for the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles H. Leavy (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 3, 1942, after being appointed judge for the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert T. Secrest (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned August 3, 1942, after accepting a commission in the U.S. Navy | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Albert D. Baumhart Jr. (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September 2, 1942, after accepting a commission in the U.S. Navy | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Vincent F. Harrington (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September 5, 1942, after accepting a commission as major in the United States Army | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Harry E. Narey (R) | November 3, 1942 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank H. Buck (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 17, 1942 | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William Purington Cole Jr. (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 26, 1942, after being appointed judge for the U.S. Customs Court | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles I. Faddis (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 4, 1942, to enter the US Army | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Harry P. Beam (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 6, 1942, after being elected judge for the municipal court of Chicago | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | A. F. Maciejewski (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 6, 1942 | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Philip A. Bennett (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died December 7, 1942 | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James G. Scrugham (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 7, 1942, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress |}

Committees

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Joint committees

  • United States Congress Joint Committee to Arrange the Inauguration for President-elect|Arrange the Inauguration for President-elect (Chairman: Sen. Matthew M. Neely)
  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
  • United States Congress Joint Committee on the Disposition of Executive Papers|Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
  • United States Congress Joint Committee on the Eradication of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly|Eradication of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly
  • Forestry (Chairman: Sen. John H. Bankhead II; Vice Chairman: Rep. Hampton P. Fulmer)
  • United States Congress Joint Committee on Government Organization (Chairman: Sen. James F. Byrnes)
  • The Library (Chairman: Sen. Alben W. Barkley)
  • Printing (Chairman: Sen. Carl Hayden; Vice Chairman: Rep. Pete Jarman)
  • United States Congress Joint Committee on Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures|Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures
  • Taxation (Chairman: Sen. Pat Harrison then Rep. Robert L. Doughton; Vice Chairman: Sen. Walter F. George)
  • United States Congress Joint Committee on to Investigate Phosphate Resource of the United States|To Investigate Phosphate Resource of the United States (Chairman: J. Hardin Peterson)

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

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References

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