75th United States Congress

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox United States Congress

File:Navy Chaplain Edward Duff opens House session.jpg
Washington, D.C., March 25, 1937: Navy Chaplain Edward Duff opens the House of Representatives with a prayer for the first time since 1820. It was the first time in 117 years that the Navy was again honored in giving the invocation. Left to right: James S. Montgomery, Chaplain of the House; Speaker William Bankhead; and Capt. Edward A. Duff, Chief of Chaplains U.S. Navy

The 75th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1937, to January 3, 1939, during the fifth and sixth years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency.Template:Efn

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1930 United States census.

Both chambers had a Democratic supermajority, with the party increasing their majority in both the House and Senate, and with the reelection of President Roosevelt, maintained an overall federal government trifecta.[1][2]

This is the most recent Congress to feature a 3/4th majority in the House or Senate by either party.

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Major events

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Major legislation

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Party summary

Senate

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House of Representatives

File:75 us house membership.png
House seats by party holding plurality in state
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  80+% to 100% Democratic
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  80+% to 100% Republican
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  60+% to 80% Democratic
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  60+% to 80% Republican
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  Up to 60% Democratic
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  Up to 60% Republican

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Leadership

File:Bankhead, Barkley, and Rayburn.jpg
(L-R): House Speaker William Bankhead, Senate Majority Leader Alben Barkley, and House Majority Leader Sam Rayburn
File:Garner, Barkley, Bankhead, and Rayburn.jpg
(L-R): Vice President John Nance Garner, Senate Majority Leader Alben Barkley, Speaker of the House William Bankhead, and House Majority Leader Sam Rayburn, January 9, 1939

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

Senate

Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1938; Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1940; and Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1942.

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House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

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Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

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|- | Tennessee
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nathan L. Bachman (D) | Died April 23, 1937.
Successor appointed to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | George L. Berry (D) | May 6, 1937

|- | Arkansas
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph T. Robinson (D) | Died July 14, 1937.
Successor elected October 19, 1937. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John E. Miller (D) | November 15, 1937

|- | Alabama
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Hugo Black (D) | Resigned August 19, 1937, after being appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Successor appointed to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dixie Bibb Graves (D) | August 20, 1937

|- | Alabama
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dixie Bibb Graves (D) | Resigned January 10, 1938, after successor elected. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Lister Hill (D) | January 11, 1938

|- | New Jersey
(1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | A. Harry Moore (D) | Resigned January 17, 1938, after being elected Governor of New Jersey.
Successor appointed to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John G. Milton (D) | January 18, 1938

|- | Oregon
(3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frederick Steiwer (R) | Resigned January 31, 1938, due to poor health.
Successor appointed to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alfred E. Reames (D) | February 1, 1938

|- | New York
(1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Royal S. Copeland (D) | Died June 17, 1938.
Successor elected November 8, 1938. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James M. Mead (D) | December 3, 1938

|- | California
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William G. McAdoo (D) | Resigned November 8, 1938, after losing nomination for upcoming term.
Successor appointed to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas M. Storke (D) | November 9, 1938

|- | New Jersey
(1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John G. Milton (D) | Interim appointee retired when successor elected.
Successor elected November 8, 1938. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William W. Barbour (R) | November 9, 1938

|- | Oregon
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alfred E. Reames (D) | Interim appointee retired when successor elected.
Successor elected November 8, 1938. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alexander G. Barry (R) | November 9, 1938

|- | South Dakota
(3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Herbert E. Hitchcock (D) | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term.
Successor elected November 8, 1938. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Gladys Pyle (R) | November 9, 1938

|- | Tennessee
(2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | George L. Berry (D) | Interim appointee lost nomination to finish the term.
Successor elected November 8, 1938. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Tom Stewart (D) | November 9, 1938.

|}

House of Representatives

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Ordinal US Congress change |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Andrew Jackson Montague (D) | Died January 24, 1937. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dave E. Satterfield Jr. (D) | November 2, 1937

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James P. Buchanan (D) | Died February 22, 1937. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lyndon B. Johnson (D) | April 10, 1937

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry E. Stubbs (D) | Died February 28, 1937. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alfred J. Elliott (D) | May 4, 1937

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Benjamin K. Focht (R) | Died March 27, 1937. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Richard M. Simpson (R) | May 11, 1937

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Philip A. Goodwin (R) | Died June 6, 1937. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lewis K. Rockefeller (R) | November 2, 1937

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William P. Connery Jr. (D) | Died June 15, 1937. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lawrence J. Connery (D) | September 28, 1937

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Theodore A. Peyser (D) | Died August 8, 1937. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Bruce F. Barton (R) | November 2, 1937

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Le Blond Kloeb (D) | Resigned August 19, 1937, to become justice of United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Walter H. Albaugh (R) | November 8, 1938

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles D. Millard (R) | Resigned September 29, 1937, to become surrogate of Westchester County, New York. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Ralph A. Gamble (R) | November 2, 1937

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John P. Higgins (D) | Resigned September 30, 1937, to become chief justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas A. Flaherty (D) | December 14, 1937

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert P. Hill (D) | Died October 29, 1937. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Gomer Griffith Smith (D) | December 10, 1937

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John E. Miller (D) | Resigned November 14, 1937, to become U.S. senator. | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry Ellenbogen (D) | Resigned January 3, 1938, to become judge of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Lister Hill (D) | Resigned January 11, 1938, to become U.S. senator. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | George M. Grant (D) | June 14, 1938

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edward A. Kenney (D) | Died January 27, 1938. | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles J. Colden (D) | Died April 15, 1938. | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Fred M. Vinson (D) | Resigned May 27, 1938, to become associate justice of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joe B. Bates (D) | June 4, 1938

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Arthur B. Jenks (R) | Lost contested election June 9, 1938 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alphonse Roy (D) | June 9, 1938

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Allard H. Gasque (D) | Died June 17, 1938. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Elizabeth Hawley Gasque (D) | September 13, 1937

|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert L. Bacon (R) | Died September 12, 1938. | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|- | Template:Ushr | bgcolor=Template:Party color | Quintin Paredes (NAC) | Resigned September 29, 1938. | Joaquín Miguel Elizalde (NAC) | September 29, 1938

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John J. Boylan (D) | Died October 5, 1938. | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John J. O'Connor (D) | Changed party affiliation October 24, 1938. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John J. O'Connor (R) | October 24, 1938

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edward C. Eicher (D) | Resigned December 2, 1938, to become commissioner to the Securities and Exchange Commission. | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James M. Mead (D) | Resigned December 2, 1938, after being elected to the U.S. Senate. | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

|- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Stephen W. Gambrill (D) | Died December 19, 1938. | colspan=2 | Vacant until the next Congress

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Committees

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Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

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References

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  3. Tom Stewart won a special election November 8, 1938. Although eligible and elected, did not "take his seat" as he preferred to remain as district attorney general. Nevertheless, his service begins when eligible and elected, not upon the taking of an oath.
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  5. a b c d e f g h i j k Official Congressional Directory for the United States Congress. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. 1937. pp. 760.

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