5 ft 3 in gauge railways
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use Australian English Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Sidebar track gauge Railways with a track gauge of Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". fall within the category of broad-gauge railways. since 2022[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., they were extant in Australia, Brazil and on the island of Ireland.
History
- 600 BC
- The Diolkos (Δίολκος) across the Isthmus of Corinth in Greece – a grooved paved trackway – was constructed with an average gauge of Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"..[1]
- 1840
- The Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway was constructed in 1840–1851 to Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". gauge before being converted to Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". in 1854–1855.
- 1843
- The Board of Trade of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, after investigating a dispute caused by diverse gauges, recommended the use of Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". in Ireland.[2]
- 1846
- The Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846 made Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". mandatory throughout all of Ireland.[3][2]
- 1847
- The Swiss Northern Railway was opened as a Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". lineScript error: No such module "Unsubst". and converted to Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". in 1854.
- 1854
- The first Australian railway to operate steam-powered freight and passenger services, Melbourne and Hobson's Bay Railway Company, was built as a Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". line.[4]
- 1858
- The first Brazilian Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". railway was opened: the Companhia de Estrada de Ferro Dom Pedro II.
- 1863
- The Canterbury Railway in New Zealand was built in Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. It was converted to Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". in 1876.
Nomenclature
- In Great Britain and Ireland, the gauge is known as Irish gauge.[5][6][7] In Ireland it is also common to hear it referred to as standard gauge or broad gauge when distinguishing it from the various 3 ft narrow-gauge railways of the island.[8][9]
- In Australia, where the states of Victoria and South Australia have this gauge (as did Tasmania in the 19th century), it is known as broad gauge.[10]Template:Rp[11]
- In Brazil, the gauge is mainly known as broad gauge (Template:Langx), but occasionally as Irish gauge (Template:Langx).[12][13]
Installations
| Country/region | Railway |
|---|---|
| Australia | Template:Main article
Currently, the suburban rail networks in Adelaide, Melbourne, and most regional lines in Victoria (including some that cross the border into New South Wales) use Template:RailGauge. The Script error: No such module "convert". long Melbourne–Adelaide rail corridor linking South Australia and Victoria, and some associated branch lines, was converted to standard gauge in 1995. The final Script error: No such module "convert". section of the North East line, Victoria and the Script error: No such module "convert". long Oaklands railway line, which runs into New South Wales from Victoria, were converted to standard gauge in 2008–2010. The Mildura and Murrayville railway lines were converted to standard gauge in 2018. |
| Brazil | Template:Main article
Lines connecting the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais; E.F.Carajás in Pará and Maranhão states, and Ferronorte in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul states. Used in older Metro systems. Although the metre-gauge network is almost five times longer,[14] Irish gauge is considered the standard by ABNT.[15] The currentScript error: No such module "Unsubst". network is Script error: No such module "convert"., 15% of the total Brazilian network. |
| Germany | Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway 1840–1855[16] |
| Island of Ireland | Template:Main article
Following proposed projects of the Ulster Railway and Dublin and Drogheda Railway companies (using Template:RailGauge and Template:RailGauge, respectively), and existing issues of competing gauges in Great Britain, in 1843 the Board of Trade (with the advice of engineers Charles Pasley and George Stephenson) introduced the gauge as a compromise.[2] The Railway Regulation (Gauge) Act 1846 was passed to formalise the gauge used on the island of Ireland to 5 feet 3 inches (1600mm).[3][2] since 2013[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". the network totals over Script error: No such module "convert"., Script error: No such module "convert". in the Republic of Ireland[17] and Script error: No such module "convert". in Northern Ireland. |
| Switzerland | Swiss Northern Railway between 1847 and 1854, converted to Template:RailGauge.
Fun'Ambule Funicular in Neuchâtel, 330 m long, opened 27 April 2001. |
| New Zealand | Canterbury Railways from 1863; all were routes converted to Template:RailGauge by 1876. |
Similar gauges
The Pennsylvania trolley gauges of Template:RailGauge and Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". are similar to this gauge, but incompatible. There is also a [[SEPTA subway–surface trolley lines|Template:RailGauge]] gauge. See: Track gauge in Ireland.
Locomotives
.jpg){kind=link}
Before the advent of diesel and electric traction, one of the advantages of the broader Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Irish gauge compared to Script error: No such module "Track gauge".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". was that more space between steam locomotive frames allows for a bigger firebox, enabling generation of more steam.
See also
Script error: No such module "Portal".
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ McCormack, K. (2017). Irish Railways in the 1950s and 1960s: A Journey Through Two Decades. United Kingdom: Pen & Sword Books.
- ↑ Irish Builder and Engineer. (1881:58). Ireland: Howard MacGarvey & Sons..
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Rail_transport_in_Brazil
- ↑ Newer Metro systems use Template:RailGauge standard gauge.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "Navbox".