53rd United States Congress

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox United States Congress

File:Grover Cleveland and Wilson-Gorman Tariff Cartoon.jpg
"Gorman's Triumph— A Humiliating Spectacle", cartoon by W. A. Rogers depicting President Cleveland's humiliation by the Sugar Trust.

The 53rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1893, to March 4, 1895, during the first two years of Grover Cleveland's second presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1890 United States census.

The Democrats maintained their majority in the House (albeit reduced) and won back control of the Senate. With Grover Cleveland being sworn in on March 4, 1893, for his second stint as president, this also gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the establishment of the Republican Party in 1854. Template:TOC limit

Major events

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Major legislation

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Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

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House of Representatives

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Leadership

File:Adlai Stevenson I by Saroney c1892-crop.jpg
Senate President
Adlai Stevenson

Senate

House of Representatives

File:CharlesFrederickCrisp.jpg
House Speaker
Charles F. Crisp

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class and Members of the House are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1898; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, facing re-election in 1894; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1896.

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House of Representatives

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Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 6
  • Deaths: 4
  • Resignations: 8
  • Interim appointments: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 12
State
(class)
Vacated by Reason for vacancy Subsequent Date of successor's installation
Montana
(1)
Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
Successor elected January 16, 1895.
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Lee Mantle (R) January 16, 1895
Wyoming
(1)
Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
Successor was elected January 23, 1895.
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Clarence D. Clark (R) January 23, 1895
Washington
(1)
Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
John Allen was appointed to serve until March 20, 1893, but the Senate rejected his credentials.
Successor elected February 1, 1895.
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John L. Wilson (R) February 19, 1895
California
(3)
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Leland Stanford (R) Died June 21, 1893.
Successor was appointed July 26, 1893, and elected January 23, 1895.
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | George C. Perkins (R) July 26, 1893
Mississippi
(2)
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Edward C. Walthall (D) Resigned January 24, 1894, due to ill health.
Successor was elected.
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Anselm J. McLaurin (D) February 27, 1894
Louisiana
(3)
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Edward D. White (D) Resigned March 12, 1894, to become Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
Successor was appointed March 12, 1894, and subsequently elected May 23, 1894.
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Newton C. Blanchard (D) March 12, 1894
Georgia
(2)
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Alfred H. Colquitt (D) Died March 26, 1894.
Successor was appointed April 2, 1894, and subsequently elected November 7, 1894.
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Patrick Walsh (D) April 2, 1894
North Carolina
(3)
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Zebulon B. Vance (D) Died April 14, 1894.
Successor was appointed.
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Thomas J. Jarvis (D) April 19, 1894
Michigan
(1)
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Francis B. Stockbridge (R) Died April 30, 1894.
Successor was appointed.
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John Patton Jr. (R) May 5, 1894
Michigan
(1)
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John Patton Jr. (R) Successor was elected January 14, 1895. style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Julius C. Burrows (R) January 24, 1895
North Carolina
(3)
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Thomas J. Jarvis (D) Successor was elected January 23, 1895. style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Jeter C. Pritchard (R) January 23, 1895

House of Representatives

  • Replacements: 22
  • Deaths: 11
  • Resignations: 13
  • Contested election: 3
  • Total seats with changes: 30
District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date successor seated
Template:Ushr Vacant Late run-off election. style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles H. Page (D) April 5, 1893
Template:Ushr Vacant Rep. Henry Cabot Lodge resigned during previous congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William Everett (D) April 25, 1893
Template:Ushr Vacant Elected to finish term of Rep. John L. Mitchell who resigned during previous congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Peter J. Somers (D) August 27, 1893
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William Mutchler (D) Died June 23, 1893 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Howard Mutchler (D) August 7, 1893
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William H. Enochs (R) Died July 13, 1893 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Hezekiah S. Bundy (R) December 4, 1893
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Logan Chipman (D) Died August 17, 1893 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Levi T. Griffin (D) December 4, 1893
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles O'Neill (R) Died November 25, 1893 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert Adams Jr. (R) December 19, 1893
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William Lilly (R) Died December 1, 1893 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Galusha A. Grow (R) February 26, 1894
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Ashbel P. Fitch (D) Resigned December 26, 1893, after becoming New York City Comptroller style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Isidor Straus (D) December 30, 1894
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles T. O'Ferrall (D) Resigned December 28, 1893, after being elected Governor of Virginia style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Smith S. Turner (D) January 30, 1894
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John R. Fellows (D) Resigned December 31, 1893, after becoming District Attorney of New York City style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lemuel E. Quigg (R) January 30, 1894
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | George W. Houk (D) Died February 9, 1894 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Paul J. Sorg (D) May 21, 1894
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William H. Brawley (D) Resigned February 12, 1894, after being appointed judge for the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James F. Izlar (D) April 12, 1894
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Newton C. Blanchard (D) Resigned March 12, 1894, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry W. Ogden (D) December 3, 1894
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles F. Joy (R) Election was successfully challenged April 3, 1894 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John J. O'Neill (D) April 3, 1894
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel G. Hilborn (R) Election was successfully challenged April 4, 1894 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Warren B. English (D) May 12, 1894
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John A. Caldwell (R) Resigned April 4, 1894, after becoming Mayor of Cincinnati style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jacob H. Bromwell (R) December 3, 1894
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert F. Bratton (D) Died May 10, 1894 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | W. Laird Henry (D) November 6, 1894
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Barnes Compton (D) Resigned May 15, 1894, after being appointed as a naval officer style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles E. Coffin (R) November 6, 1894
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Marcus C. Lisle (D) Died July 7, 1894 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William M. Beckner (D) December 3, 1894
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edward H. Funston (R) Election was successfully challenged August 2, 1894 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Horace L. Moore (D) August 2, 1894
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Clifton R. Breckinridge (D) Resigned August 14, 1894, after being appointed Minister to Russia style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John S. Little (D) December 3, 1894
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | George B. Shaw (R) Died August 27, 1894 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Michael Griffin (R) November 5, 1894
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William C. Oates (D) Resigned November 5, 1894, after being elected Governor of Alabama style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | George P. Harrison Jr. (D) November 6, 1894
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Myron B. Wright (R) Died November 13, 1894 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edwin J. Jorden (R) February 23, 1895
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Amos J. Cummings (D) Resigned November 21, 1894 Vacant until next Congress
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas H. Paynter (D) Resigned January 5, 1895, after being elected judge for the Kentucky Court of Appeals Vacant until next Congress
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Philip S. Post (R) Died January 6, 1895 Vacant until next Congress
Template:Ushr style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John C. Black (D) Resigned January 12, 1895, to become United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois Vacant until next Congress
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Julius C. Burrows (R) Resigned January 23, 1895, after being elected to the U.S. Senate Vacant until next Congress
Template:Ushr style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John L. Wilson (R) Resigned February 18, 1895, after being elected to the U.S. Senate Vacant until next Congress

Committees

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Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

References

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External links

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