51st United States Congress
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Template:Short description Template:Infobox United States Congress The 51st United States Congress, referred to by some critics as the Billion Dollar Congress, was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1891, during the first two years of Benjamin Harrison's presidency.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1880 United States census.
The Republicans maintained their majority in the Senate, and won the majority in the House. With Benjamin Harrison being sworn in as president on March 4, 1889, this gave the Republicans an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 43rd Congress in 1873–1875.
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Major events
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- March 4, 1889: Benjamin Harrison became President of the United States
- December 29, 1890: Wounded Knee Massacre
Major legislation
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". It was responsible for a number of pieces of landmark legislation, many of which asserted the authority of the federal government.
Emboldened by their success in the elections of 1888, the Republicans enacted virtually their entire platform during their first 303-day session, including a measure that provided American Civil War veterans with generous pensions and expanded the list of eligible recipients to include noncombatants and the children of veterans. Grover Cleveland had vetoed a similar bill in 1887. It was criticized as the "Billion Dollar Congress'" for its lavish spending and, for this reason it incited drastic reversals in public support that led to Cleveland's reelection in 1892.
Other important legislation passed into law by the Congress included the McKinley tariff, authored by Representative, and future President, William McKinley; the Sherman Antitrust Act, which prohibited business combinations that restricted trade; and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which required the U.S. government to mint silver. The last two were concessions to Western farmer interests in exchange for support of the tariff and would become central tenets of the Populist Party later in the decade. They were authored by Senator John Sherman.
The Fifty-first Congress was also responsible for passing the Land Revision Act of 1891, which created the national forests. Harrison authorized America's first forest reserve in Yellowstone, Wyoming, the same year.
Other bills were discussed but failed to pass, including two significant pieces of legislation focused on ensuring African Americans the right to vote. Henry Cabot Lodge sponsored a so-called Lodge Bill that would have established federal supervision of Congressional elections so as to prevent the disfranchisement of southern blacks. Henry W. Blair sponsored the Blair Education Bill, which advocated the use of federal aid for education in order to frustrate southern whites employing literacy tests to prevent blacks from registering to vote.
- June 27, 1890: Dependent Pension Act
- July 2, 1890: Sherman Antitrust Act, ch. 647, 26 Stat. 209
- July 14, 1890: Sherman Silver Purchase Act, ch. 708, 26 Stat. 289
- August 30, 1890: Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act
- October 1, 1890: McKinley Tariff, ch. 1244, 26 Stat. 567
- March 3, 1891: Forest Reserve Act of 1891
- March 3, 1891: Land Revision Act of 1891
- March 3, 1891: Immigration Act of 1891
- March 3, 1891: Merchant Marine Act of 1891
- March 3, 1891: International Copyright Act (The Chace Act)
States admitted and territories organized
- November 2, 1889: North Dakota and South Dakota were admitted as the 39th and 40th states.
- November 8, 1889: Montana was admitted as the 41st state.
- November 11, 1889: Washington was admitted as the 42nd state.
- May 2, 1890: Oklahoma Territory was organized.
- July 3, 1890: Idaho was admitted as the 43rd state.
- July 10, 1890: Wyoming was admitted as the 44th state.
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Six new states were admitted during this Congress, and their senators and representatives were elected throughout the Congress.
Senate
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House of Representatives
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Leadership
Levi P. Morton
Senate
- President: Levi P. Morton (R)
- President pro tempore: John J. Ingalls (R), elected March 7, 1889
- Charles F. Manderson (R), elected March 2, 1891
- Republican Conference Chairman: George F. Edmunds
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: James B. Beck, until May 3, 1890
- Arthur P. Gorman, afterwards
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Thomas B. Reed (R)
- Republican Conference Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: William S. Holman
- Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James T. Jones
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
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House of Representatives
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- Replacements: 3
- Democratic: no net change
- Republican: no net change
- Liberal Republican: 1-seat net loss
- Deaths: 3
- Resignations: 2
- Interim appointments: 1
- Seats of newly admitted states: 12
- Total seats with changes: 17
| State (class) |
Vacated by | Reason for vacancy | Subsequent | Date of successor's installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhode Island (2) |
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jonathan Chace (R) | Resigned April 9, 1889. Successor was elected. |
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nathan F. Dixon III (R) | April 10, 1889 |
| New Hampshire (2) |
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Gilman Marston (R) | Successor was elected June 18, 1889. | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William E. Chandler (R) | June 18, 1889 |
| South Dakota (2) |
New seats | South Dakota achieved statehood November 2, 1889. First senators were elected October 16, 1889.[1] |
nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Richard F. Pettigrew (R) | November 2, 1889 |
| South Dakota (3) |
nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Gideon C. Moody (R) | |||
| Montana (1) |
New seats | Montana achieved statehood November 8, 1889. First Senator was elected January 1, 1890.[2] His election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature. The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890 and he was seated that day.[3] |
nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Wilbur F. Sanders (R) | April 16, 1890 |
| Montana (2) |
Montana achieved statehood November 8, 1889. First Senator was elected January 2, 1890.[2] His election was challenged based on the legitimacy of the nascent state legislature. The Senate resolved the dispute in his favor April 16, 1890 and he was seated that day.[3] |
nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas C. Power (R) | April 16, 1890 | |
| Washington (1) |
New seats | Washington achieved statehood November 11, 1889. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John B. Allen (R) | November 20, 1889 |
| Washington (3) |
nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Watson C. Squire (R) | |||
| Kentucky (2) |
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James B. Beck (D) | Died May 3, 1890. Successor was elected. |
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John G. Carlisle (D) | May 26, 1890 |
| North Dakota (3) |
New seats | North Dakota achieved statehood November 2, 1889. First senators were elected November 25, 1889. |
nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Gilbert A. Pierce (R) | November 21, 1889 |
| North Dakota (1) |
nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lyman R. Casey (R) | November 25, 1889 | ||
| Idaho (2) |
New seats | Idaho achieved statehood July 3, 1890. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | George L. Shoup (R) | December 18, 1890 |
| Idaho (3) |
nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William J. McConnell (R) | |||
| Wyoming (2) |
New seats | Wyoming achieved statehood July 10, 1890. New Senator was elected November 15, 1890. |
nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph M. Carey (R) | November 15, 1890 |
| Wyoming (1) |
Wyoming achieved statehood July 10, 1890. New Senator was elected November 18, 1890. |
nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Francis E. Warren (R) | November 24, 1890 | |
| Maryland (3) |
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Ephraim K. Wilson (D) | Died February 24, 1891, having already been re-elected to the next term. | Vacant until next Congress | |
| California (1) |
style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | George Hearst (D) | Died February 28, 1891. | Vacant until next Congress | |
House of Representatives
- Replacements: 16
- Democratic: 2-seat net gain
- Republican: 2-seat net loss
- Deaths: 11
- Resignations: 6
- Contested election:8
- Seats of newly admitted states: 7
- Total seats with changes: 33
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Template:Ushr | Vacant | Elected to finish Rep. James N. Burnes who was re-elected to this Congress, but died during previous one. In addition, Rep. Charles F. Booher was elected to finish Burnes's term in previous Congress but chose not to run for re-election for this Congress. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Robert P. C. Wilson (D) | December 2, 1889 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Richard W. Townshend (D) | Died March 9, 1889 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | James R. Williams (D) | December 2, 1889 |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Thomas Ryan (R) | Resigned April 4, 1889 after being appointed U.S. Minister to Mexico | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Harrison Kelley (R) | December 2, 1889 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Edward J. Gay (D) | Died May 30, 1889 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Andrew Price (D) | December 2, 1889 |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | James Laird (R) | Died August 17, 1889 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Gilbert L. Laws (R) | December 2, 1889 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Samuel S. Cox (D) | Died September 10, 1889 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Amos J. Cummings (D) | November 5, 1889 |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Newton W. Nutting (R) | Died October 15, 1889 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Sereno E. Payne (R) | December 2, 1889 |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | George A. Mathews (R) | Territory achieved statehood. Remained in seat until November 2, 1889 | Territory achieved statehood | |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry C. Hansbrough (R) | Territory achieved statehood. Took seat November 2, 1889 | New seat | |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Oscar S. Gifford (R) | Territory achieved statehood. Took seats November 2, 1889 | New seats | |
| style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Pickler (R) | ||||
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas H. Carter (R) | Territory achieved statehood. Remained in seat until November 7, 1889 | Territory achieved statehood | |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Frank T. Fitzgerald (D) | Resigned November 4, 1889 after being elected Register of New York County | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Charles H. Turner (D) | December 9, 1889 |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John B. Allen (R) | Territory achieved statehood. Remained in seat until November 11, 1889 | Territory achieved statehood | |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | William D. Kelley (R) | Died January 9, 1890 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John E. Reyburn (R) | February 18, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | James M. Jackson (D) | Election was successfully challenged on February 3, 1890 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Charles B. Smith (R) | February 3, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John O. Pendleton (D) | Election was successfully challenged on February 26, 1890 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | George W. Atkinson (R) | February 26, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | William H. Cate (D) | Election was successfully challenged on March 5, 1890 | Template:Party shading/Labor nowrap | Lewis P. Featherstone (L) | March 5, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Barnes Compton (D) | Election was successfully challenged on March 20, 1890 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Sydney E. Mudd (R) | March 20, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | David Wilber (R) | Died April 1, 1890 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John S. Pindar (D) | November 4, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | George D. Wise (D) | Election was successfully challenged on April 10, 1890 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Edmund Waddill Jr. (R) | April 12, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Samuel J. Randall (D) | Died April 13, 1890 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Richard Vaux (D) | May 20, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John G. Carlisle (D) | Resigned May 26, 1890, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | William W. Dickerson (D) | June 21, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Louis W. Turpin (D) | Election was successfully challenged on June 4, 1890 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John V. McDuffie (R) | June 4, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Fred Dubois (R) | Territory achieved statehood. Remained in seat until July 3, 1890 | Territory achieved statehood | |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph M. Carey (R) | Territory achieved statehood. Remained in seat until July 10, 1889 | Territory achieved statehood | |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas H. Carter (R) | Territory achieved statehood. Took seat November 8, 1889 | New seat | |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John L. Wilson (R) | Territory achieved statehood. Took seat November 20, 1889 | New seat | |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | James P. Walker (D) | Died July 19, 1890 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Robert H. Whitelaw (D) | November 4, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Lewis F. Watson (R) | Died August 25, 1890 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Charles W. Stone (R) | November 4, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Clifton R. Breckinridge (D) | Election was successfully challenged on September 5, 1890, however Rep-elect John M. Clayton died during election challenge, so seat was declared vacant. Breckinridge was elected to open seat. | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Clifton R. Breckinridge (D) | November 4, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | William Elliott (D) | Election was successfully challenged on September 23, 1890 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Thomas E. Miller (R) | September 24, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Edward C. Venable (D) | Election was successfully challenged on September 23, 1890 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John M. Langston (R) | September 23, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | John J. De Haven (R) | Resigned October 1, 1890 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Thomas J. Geary (D) | December 9, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Willis Sweet (R) | Territory achieved statehood. Took seat October 1, 1890 | New seat | |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Edwin H. Conger (R) | Resigned October 3, 1890, after being appointed U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Brazil | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" nowrap | Edward R. Hays (R) | November 4, 1890 |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | David A. Harvey (R) | Territory organized from Indian Territory. Took seat November 4, 1890 | New seat | |
| Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Clarence D. Clark (R) | Territory achieved statehood. Took seat December 1, 1890 | New seat | |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John H. McCarthy (D) | Resigned January 14, 1891, after being appointed justice of the City Court of New York | Vacant until next Congress | |
| Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Phelan Jr. (D) | Died January 30, 1891 | Vacant until next Congress | |
Committees
Template:List of Congressional Committees instructions
Senate
- Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select) (Chairman: Daniel W. Voorhees; Ranking Member: William M. Evarts)
- Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Algernon S. Paddock; Ranking Member: James Z. George)
- Appropriations (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance)
- Canadian Relations (Select) (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh)
- Census (Chairman: Eugene Hale; Ranking Member: James H. Berry)
- Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Edward O. Wolcott; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)
- Claims (Chairman: John C. Spooner; Ranking Member: James K. Jones)
- Coast Defenses (Chairman: Joseph N. Dolph; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)
- Commerce (Chairman: William P. Frye; Ranking Member: Matt W. Ransom)
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
- Education and Labor (Chairman: Henry W. Blair; Ranking Member: James Z. George)
- Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Francis M. Cockrell; Ranking Member: Shelby M. Cullom)
- Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Charles B. Farwell; Ranking Member: Wilbur F. Sanders)
- Epidemic Diseases (Chairman: Isham G. Harris; Ranking Member: Eugene Hale)
- Establish a University in the United States (Select) (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
- Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Chairman: Anthony Higgins; Ranking Member: George Gray)
- Executive Departments Methods (Select)
- Finance (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees)
- Fisheries (Chairman: Francis B. Stockbridge; Ranking Member: Wade Hampton III)
- Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select) (Chairman: Matthew C. Butler; Ranking Member: J. Donald Cameron)
- Foreign Relations (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan)
- Immigration (Chairman: William E. Chandler; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: Henry L. Dawes; Ranking Member: John T. Morgan)
- Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Shelby M. Cullom; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
- Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands (Select) (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)
- Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: James L. Pugh)
- Library (Chairman: William M. Evarts; Ranking Member: Daniel W. Voorhees)
- Manufactures (Chairman: James McMillan; Ranking Member: Alfred H. Colquitt)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: Joseph R. Hawley; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
- Mines and Mining (Chairman: William M. Stewart; Ranking Member: William B. Bate)
- Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select) (Chairman: William D. Washburn; Ranking Member: Edward C. Walthall)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: J. Donald Cameron; Ranking Member: John R. McPherson)
- Nicaraguan Claims (Select) (Chairman: John Tyler Morgan; Ranking Member: George F. Hoar)
- Organization, Conduct and Expeditures of the Executive Departments (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: Francis M. Cockrell)
- Patents (Chairman: Henry M. Teller; Ranking Member: George Gray)
- Pensions (Chairman: Cushman K. Davis; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Philetus Sawyer; Ranking Member: Nathan F. Dixon)
- Potomac River Front (Select) (Chairman: John R. McPherson; Ranking Member: Charles F. Manderson)
- Printing (Chairman: Charles F. Manderson; Ranking Member: Arthur P. Gorman)
- Private Land Claims (Chairman: Matt W. Ransom; Ranking Member: William M. Stewart)
- Privileges and Elections (Chairman: George F. Hoar; Ranking Member: Zebulon B. Vance)
- Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Leland Stanford; Ranking Member: George G. Vest)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Preston B. Plumb; Ranking Member: Richard F. Pettigrew)
- Quadrocentennial (Select) (Chairman: Frank Hiscock; Ranking Member: James B. Eustis)
- Railroads (Chairman: John H. Mitchell; Ranking Member: Joseph E. Brown)
- Revision of the Laws (Chairman: James F. Wilson; Ranking Member: Ephraim K. Wilson)
- Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Richard Coke; Ranking Member: Justin S. Morrill)
- Rules (Chairman: Nelson W. Aldrich; Ranking Member: Isham G. Harris)
- Senate Administrative Services (Select)
- Tariff Regulation (Select)
- Territories (Chairman: Orville H. Platt; Ranking Member: Gilbert A. Pierce)
- Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select) (Chairman: George G. Vest; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson)
- Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Chairman: Matthew S. Quay; Ranking Member: Randall L. Gibson)
- Whole
- Woman Suffrage (Select) (Chairman: Zebulon B. Vance; Ranking Member: Charles B. Farwell)
House of Representatives
- Accounts (Chairman: Henry J. Spooner; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock)
- Agriculture (Chairman: Edward H. Funston; Ranking Member: William H. Hatch)
- Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Select)
- Appropriations (Chairman: Joseph G. Cannon; Ranking Member: Samuel J. Randall)
- Banking and Currency (Chairman: George W.E. Dorsey; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed)
- Claims (Chairman: William G. Laidlaw; Ranking Member: George W. Dargan)
- Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Charles P. Wickham; Ranking Member: Richard P. Bland)
- Commerce (Chairman: Charles S. Baker; Ranking Member: Henry Stockbridge Jr.)
- Disposition of Executive Papers
- District of Columbia (Chairman: William W. Grout; Ranking Member: John J. Hemphill)
- Education (Chairman: James O'Donnell; Ranking Member: Henry P. Cheatham)
- Elections (Chairman: Jonathan H. Rowell; Ranking Member: Solomon G. Comstock)
- Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Robert P. Kennedy; Ranking Member: Constantine B. Kilgore)
- Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: Robert M. La Follette; Ranking Member: Edward Lane)
- Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Nathaniel P. Banks; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson)
- Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: James S. Sherman; Ranking Member: John C. Tarsney)
- Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: John G. Sawyer; Ranking Member: Judson C. Clements)
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: John M. Brower; Ranking Member: Thomas S. Flood)
- Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Joseph A. Scranton; Ranking Member: Marion Biggs)
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Louis E. Atkinson; Ranking Member: William Cogswell)
- Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Robert M. Yardley; Ranking Member: William C.P. Breckinridge)
- Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Thomas S. Flood; Ranking Member: Joseph H. O'Neil)
- Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Robert R. Hitt; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: Bishop W. Perkins; Ranking Member: John L. Wilson)
- Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Edmund N. Morrill; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws)
- Judiciary (Chairman: Ezra B. Taylor; Ranking Member: Joseph R. Reed)
- Labor (Chairman: William H. Wade; Ranking Member: Aaron T. Bliss)
- Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River (Chairman: Julius C. Burrows; Ranking Member: Charles D. Beckwith)
- Manufactures (Chairman: James Buchanan; Ranking Member: William D. Bynum)
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: John M. Farquhar; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart)
- Mileage (Chairman: John Lind; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Clunie)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: Byron M. Cutcheon; Ranking Member: Samuel P. Snider)
- Militia (Chairman: David B. Henderson; Ranking Member: Harrison Kelley)
- Mines and Mining (Chairman: Thomas H. Carter; Ranking Member: Myron H. McCord)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: Charles A. Boutelle; Ranking Member: Hamilton D. Coleman)
- Pacific Railroads (Chairman: John Dalzell; Ranking Member: James P. Flick)
- Patents (Chairman: Benjamin Butterworth; Ranking Member: H. Clay Evans)
- Pensions (Chairman: Milton De Lano; Ranking Member: Thomas H. B. Browne)
- Printing (Chairman: Charles A. Russell; Ranking Member: James D. Richardson)
- Private Land Claims (Chairman: Lucien B. Caswell; Ranking Member: Hamilton G. Ewart)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Henry H. Bingham; Ranking Member: James H. Blount)
- Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Seth L. Milliken; Ranking Member: Oscar S. Gifford)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Lewis E. Payson; Ranking Member: William S. Holman)
- Railways and Canals (Chairman: Henry C. McCormick; Ranking Member: Gilbert L. Laws)
- Revision of Laws (Chairman: Thomas M. Browne; Ranking Member: Frederic T. Greenhalge)
- Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: Thomas J. Henderson; Ranking Member: Frederick G. Niedringhaus)
- Rules (Chairman: Charles F. Crisp; Ranking Member: James H. Blount)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories (Chairman: Isaac S. Struble; Ranking Member: George W. Smith)
- War Claims (Chairman: Ormsby B. Thomas; Ranking Member: Jonathan P. Dolliver)
- Ways and Means (Chairman: William McKinley; Ranking Member: John G. Carlisle)
- Whole
Joint committees
- Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
- Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
- The Library
- Printing
Caucuses
- Democratic (House)
- Democratic (Senate)
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
- Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
- Public Printer of the United States: Thomas E. Benedict, until 1889
- Francis W. Palmer, from 1889
Senate
- Chaplain: John G. Butler (Lutheran)
- Secretary: Anson G. McCook
- Librarian: Alonzo M. Church
- Sergeant at Arms: William P. Canady, until June 30, 1890
- Edward K. Valentine, from June 30, 1890
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodist)
- Clerk: John B. Clark Jr., until December 2, 1889
- Edward McPherson, from December 2, 1889
- Doorkeeper: Charles E. Adams
- Postmaster: James L. Wheat, resigned October 1, 1890
- James W. Hathaway, elected December 10, 1890
- Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Nathaniel T. Crutchfield
- Reading Clerks: John A. Reeve (D) and Azro J. Maxham (R)
- Sergeant at Arms: John P. Leedom, until December 2, 1889
- Adoniram J. Holmes, from December 2, 1889
See also
- 1888 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 1890 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
References
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External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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