47th United States Congress

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox United States Congress The 47th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1881, to March 4, 1883, during the six months of James Garfield's presidency, and the first year and a half of Chester Arthur's presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. The House had a Republican majority; the Senate was evenly divided for the first time ever, with no vice president to break ties for most of this term.[1] Template:TOClimit

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

Party
(Shading indicates party control)
 Total
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" |
Democratic
(D) 		Independent
(I) 		Readjuster
(RA) 		Republican
(R) 		Vacant
End of
previous Congress 		style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 42 1 0 32 75 1
Begin rowspan=6 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 37 rowspan=6 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 1 1 36 75 1
March 5, 1881Template:Efn 35 74 2
March 7, 1881Template:Efn 33 72 4
March 8, 1881Template:Efn 34 73 3
March 12, 1881Template:Efn 35 74 2
March 14, 1881Template:Efn 36 75 1
March 18, 1881Template:Efn 37 1 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading"| 1Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 37 76 0
May 16, 1881Template:Efn rowspan=2 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading"| 37 rowspan=2 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 1 1 35 74 2
July 27, 1881Template:Efn 36 75 1
August 2, 1881Template:Efn 37 1 rowspan=8 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 1 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 37 76 0
September 13, 1881Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 36 75 1
October 5, 1881Template:Efn rowspan=6 Template:Party shading/Independent (United States) | 1Template:Efn rowspan=6 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 37 76 0
November 15, 1881Template:Efn
April 17, 1882Template:Efn
August 16, 1882Template:Efn 36 75 1
November 15, 1882Template:Efn 37 76 0
January 27, 1883Template:Efn
Final voting share 48.7% Template:Party shading/Independent (United States) | 1.3% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 1.3% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 48.7%
Beginning of the
next Congress 		36 0 2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 38 76 0

House of Representatives

Party
(Shading indicates party control)
 Total
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" |
Democratic
(D) 		Independent
Democrat
(ID) 		Independent
(I) 		Greenback
(GB) 		Independent
Republican
(IR) 		Republican
(R) 		Vacant
End of
previous Congress 		style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 146 4 1 11 0 129 291 2
Begin 134 1 1 9 0 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 146 291 2
March 17, 1881Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 145 290 3
March 21, 1881Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 144 289 4
April 5, 1881Template:Efn rowspan=3 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 145 290 3
April 26, 1881Template:Efn 133 289 4
June 9, 1881Template:Efn 134 290 3
July 26, 1881Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 144 289 4
July 29, 1881Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 143 288 5
September 12, 1881Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 144 289 4
October 5, 1881Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 143 288 5
November 8, 1881Template:Efn 135 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 145 291 2
December 5, 1881Template:Efn 136 rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 146 293 0
April 8, 1882Template:Efn 135 292 1
April 29, 1882Template:Efn 134 rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 147
May 31, 1882Template:Efn 133 1
June 1, 1882Template:Efn 132 rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 148
June 3, 1882Template:Efn 131 10
June 29, 1882Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 147 291 2
July 19, 1882Template:Efn 130 rowspan=4 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 148
July 20, 1882Template:Efn 129 290 3
October 12, 1882Template:Efn 9 289 4
November 4, 1882Template:Efn 128 288 5
November 7, 1882Template:Efn 129 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 149 290 3
November 30, 1882Template:Efn rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 148 289 4
December 4, 1882Template:Efn 130 290 3
December 15, 1882Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 149 291 2
December 16, 1882Template:Efn style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 148 290 3
January 2, 1883Template:Efn rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 149 291 2
January 15, 1883Template:Efn 131 292 1
January 17, 1883Template:Efn rowspan=2 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 150 293 0
January 18, 1883Template:Efn 130 292 1
March 2, 1883Template:Efn 129 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 151
March 3, 1883Template:Efn 130 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 150
Final voting share Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage". Script error: No such module "Percentage". style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Script error: No such module "Percentage".  
Beginning of the next Congress style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 196 3 6 2 1 117 325 1

Leadership

Senate

File:20 Chester Arthur 3x4.jpg
President of the Senate
Chester A. Arthur (R)

House of Representatives

File:47 us house membership.png
House seats by party holding plurality in state
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  80+% to 100% Democratic
 <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  80+% to 100% Republican
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  60+% to 80% Democratic
 <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  60+% to 80% Republican
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  Up to 60% Democratic
 <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Up to 60% Republican

Major events

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Major legislation

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Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

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House of Representatives

Members' names are preceded by their district numbers.

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Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.

Senate

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  • Deaths: 2
  • Resignations: 8
  • Interim appointments: 1
  • Total replacements: 8
  • Total seats with changes: 10

Template:Ordinal US Congress change

|- | Wisconsin (3) | Vacant | Senator Matthew H. Carpenter died in the previous congress.
Successor elected March 14, 1881. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Angus Cameron (R) | March 14, 1881

|- | Maine (2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James G. Blaine (R) | Resigned March 5, 1881, to become U.S. Secretary of State.
Successor elected March 18, 1881. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William P. Frye (R) | March 18, 1881

|- | Iowa (2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel J. Kirkwood (R) | Resigned March 7, 1881, to become U.S. Secretary of the Interior.
Successor appointed March 8, 1881, to continue the term.
Appointee elected January 25, 1882, to finish the term. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James W. McDill (R) | March 8, 1881

|- | Minnesota (2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William Windom (R) | Resigned March 7, 1881, to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.
Successor appointed March 12, 1881, to continue the term. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alonzo J. Edgerton (R) | March 12, 1881

|- | New York (1) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas C. Platt (R) | Resigned May 16, 1881, as a protest against federal appointments made in New York.
Successor elected October 11, 1881. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Warner Miller (R) | July 27, 1881

|- | New York (3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Roscoe Conkling (R) | Resigned May 16, 1881, as a protest against federal appointments made in New York.
Successor elected October 11, 1881. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Elbridge G. Lapham (R) | August 2, 1881

|- | Rhode Island (1) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Ambrose Burnside (R) | Died September 13, 1881.
Successor elected October 5, 1881. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nelson W. Aldrich (R) | October 5, 1881

|- | Minnesota (2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alonzo J. Edgerton (R) | Interim appointee replaced by successor elected October 30, 1881. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William Windom (R) | November 15, 1881

|- | Colorado (2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry M. Teller (R) | Resigned April 17, 1882, to become U.S. Secretary of the Interior.
Successor appointed April 17, 1882. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | George M. Chilcott (R) | April 17, 1882

|- | Georgia (2) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | Died August 16, 1882.
Successor elected November 15, 1882. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | M. Pope Barrow (D) | November 15, 1882

|- | Colorado (2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | George M. Chilcott (R) | Interim appointee replaced by successor elected January 27, 1883. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Horace Tabor (R) | January 27, 1883 |}

House of Representatives

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  • Deaths: 6
  • Resignations: 9
  • Contested elections: 8
  • Total replacements: 14
  • Total seats with changes: 22

Template:Ordinal US Congress change

|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep. Omar D. Conger resigned during previous congress | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John T. Rich (R) | April 5, 1881

|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep. Fernando Wood elected but died before Congress convened | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Hardy (D) | December 5, 1881

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William P. Frye (R) | Resigned March 17, 1881 when elected U.S. Senator. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nelson Dingley Jr. (R) | September 12, 1881

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Levi P. Morton (R) | Resigned March 21, 1881 to become U.S. Minister to France. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Roswell P. Flower (D) | November 8, 1881

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Michael P. O'Connor (D) | Died April 26, 1881, during a contested election. Dibble presented credentials to replace him due to his death. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel Dibble (D) | June 9, 1881

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Warner Miller (R) | Resigned July 26, 1881 when elected U.S. Senator. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles R. Skinner (R) | November 8, 1881

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Elbridge G. Lapham (R) | Resigned July 29, 1881 when elected U.S. Senator. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James W. Wadsworth (R) | November 8, 1881

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nelson W. Aldrich (R) | Resigned October 5, 1881 when elected U.S. Senator.
Successor elected November 22, 1881. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry J. Spooner (R) | December 5, 1881

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas Allen (D) | Died April 8, 1882 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James H. McLean (R) | December 15, 1882

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James R. Chalmers (D) | Lost contested election April 29, 1882 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John R. Lynch (R) | April 29, 1882

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel Dibble (D) | Lost contested election May 31, 1882, during an election originally contested with Michael P. O'Connor. Dibble presented credentials to replace him until Mackey was determined to be the victor under terms of the original election. | nowrap Template:Party shading/Independent Republican | Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR) | May 31, 1882

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jesse J. Finley (D) | Lost contested election June 1, 1882 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Horatio Bisbee Jr. (R) | June 1, 1882

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph Wheeler (D) | Lost contested election June 3, 1882 | nowrap style="background:#66F500" | William M. Lowe (GB) | June 3, 1882

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert M. A. Hawk (R) | Died June 29, 1882 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert R. Hitt (R) | November 7, 1882

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | George D. Tillman (D) | Lost contested election July 19, 1882 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Robert Smalls (R) | July 19, 1882

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles M. Shelley (D) | Election contested by James Q. Smith.
Seat declared vacant July 20, 1882.
Shelley re-elected to fill seat. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles M. Shelley (D) | November 7, 1882

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background:#66F500" | William M. Lowe (GB) | Died October 12, 1882 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph Wheeler (D) | January 15, 1883

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alexander H. Stephens (D) | Resigned November 4, 1882 when elected Governor of Georgia. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Seaborn Reese (D) | December 4, 1882

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jonathan T. Updegraff (R) | Died November 30, 1882 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph D. Taylor (R) | January 2, 1883

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Godlove S. Orth (R) | Died December 16, 1882 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles T. Doxey (R) | January 17, 1883

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John W. Shackelford (D) | Died January 18, 1883 | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Richard G. Frost (D) | Lost contested election March 2, 1883 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Gustavus Sessinghaus (R) | March 2, 1883

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Marsena E. Cutts (R) | Lost election contest March 3, 1883 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John C. Cook (D) | March 3, 1883

|}

Committees

Template:List of Congressional Committees instructions

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

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External links

Template:USCongresses

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