45th United States Congress

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox United States Congress The 45th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1877, to March 4, 1879, during the first two years of Rutherford Hayes's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.

The 45th Congress remained politically divided between a Democratic House and Republican Senate.[1] President Hayes vetoed an Army appropriations bill from the House which would have ended Reconstruction and prohibited the use of federal troops to protect polling stations in the former Confederacy.[1] Striking back, Congress overrode another of Hayes's vetoes and enacted the Bland-Allison Act that required the purchase and coining of silver.[1] Congress also approved a generous increase in pension eligibility for Northern Civil War veterans.[1] Template:TOClimit

Major events

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House seats by party holding plurality in state
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  80+% Democratic
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  80+% Republican
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  60+ to 80% Democratic
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  60+ to 80% Republican
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  Up to 60% Democratic
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  Up to 60% Republican

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Major legislation

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Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.

Senate

Republicans controlled the Senate through a VP-tie-breaking majority.

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House of Representatives

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Leadership

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President of the Senate
William A. Wheeler

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1880; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1882; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

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House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

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Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 5
  • Deaths: 2
  • Resignations: 3
  • Interim appointments: 1
  • Contested elections: 0
  • Total seats with changes: 5

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|- | Ohio (3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Sherman (R) | Resigned March 8, 1877 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.
Successor elected March 21, 1877. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Stanley Matthews (R) | March 21, 1877

|- | Pennsylvania (3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Simon Cameron (R) | Resigned March 12, 1877.
Successor elected March 20, 1877. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Donald Cameron (R) | March 20, 1877

|- | Missouri (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lewis V. Bogy (D) | Died September 20, 1877.
Successor was appointed September 29, 1877, to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | David H. Armstrong (D) | September 29, 1877

|- | Indiana (3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Oliver P. Morton (R) | Died November 1, 1877.
Successor elected January 31, 1879. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Daniel W. Voorhees (D) | November 6, 1877

|- | Missouri (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | David H. Armstrong (D) | Interim appointee retired.
Successor elected January 26, 1879. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Shields (D) | January 27, 1879

|- | Michigan (1) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Isaac P. Christiancy (R) | Resigned February 10, 1879 due to ill health.
Successor elected February 22, 1879. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Zachariah Chandler (R) | February 22, 1879

|}

House of Representatives

  • Replacements: 10
  • Deaths: 7
  • Resignations: 1
  • Contested election: 5
  • Total seats with changes: 13

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Ordinal US Congress change |- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep. Benjamin Harvey Hill resigned in previous congress | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Hiram P. Bell (D) | March 13, 1877 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James B. Belford (R) | Lost contested election December 13, 1877 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas M. Patterson (D) | December 13, 1877 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Romualdo Pacheco (R) | Lost contested election February 7, 1878 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Peter D. Wigginton (D) | February 7, 1878 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Chester B. Darrall (R) | Lost contested election February 20, 1878 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph H. Acklen (D) | February 20, 1878 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John E. Leonard (R) | Died March 15, 1878 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Smith Young (D) | November 5, 1878 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Walbridge A. Field (R) | Lost contested election March 28, 1878 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Benjamin Dean (D) | March 28, 1878 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Terence J. Quinn (D) | Died June 18, 1878 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John M. Bailey (R) | November 5, 1878 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Welch (R) | style="font-size:80%" |Died September 4, 1878 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas J. Majors (R) | November 5, 1878 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Alpheus S. Williams (D) | Died December 21, 1878 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Beverly B. Douglas (D) | Died December 22, 1878 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Richard L. T. Beale (D) | January 23, 1879 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Julian Hartridge (D) | Died January 8, 1879 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William B. Fleming (D) | February 10, 1879 |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Gustav Schleicher (D) | Died January 10, 1879 | Vacant | Not filled this term |- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Horatio Bisbee Jr. (R) | Lost contested election February 20, 1879 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jesse J. Finley (D) | February 20, 1879 |}

Committees

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Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

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References

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External links

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