44th United States Congress
Template:Short description Template:Infobox United States Congress The 44th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1875, to March 4, 1877, during the seventh and eighth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. For the first time since the American Civil War, the House had a Democratic majority. The Senate maintained a Republican majority. Template:TOC limit
Major events
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- November 22, 1875: Vice President Henry Wilson died from a stroke
- June 25, 1876: Custer's Last Stand at the Battle of Little Bighorn
- July 4, 1876: United States Centennial
- November 7, 1876: United States general elections, 1876, including the disputed Presidential election of 1876, later settled with the Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction.
Major legislation
- January 29, 1877: Electoral Commission Act, ch. 37, 19 Stat. 227
- March 3, 1877: Desert Land Act, ch. 107, 19 Stat. 377
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State admitted
- August 1, 1876: Colorado admitted as the 38th state
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.
Senate
Template:US Congress party summary
House of Representatives
| Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | | |||
| Democratic (D) |
Independent Democratic (ID) |
Independent (I) |
Independent Republican (IR) |
Republican (R) |
Other | Vacant | ||
| End of previous Congress | 95 | 7 | 0 | 0 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 199 | (Liberal Republican)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 4 |
290 | 2 |
| Begin | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 176 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" rowspan="2" | 1 | 4 | 4 | 104 | 0 | 289 | 3 |
| End | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 179 | 3 | 103 | 290 | ||||
| Final voting share | colspan="2" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 62.8% | 1.4% | 35.8% | 0.0% | ||||
| Beginning of the next Congress | 144 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 146 | 0 | 292 | 1 |
Leadership
Senate
- President: Henry Wilson (R), until November 22, 1875; vacant thereafter.
- President pro tempore: Thomas W. Ferry (R), from March 9, 1875
- Republican Conference Chairman: Henry B. Anthony
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: John W. Stevenson
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Michael C. Kerr (D), until August 19, 1876 (died)
- Samuel J. Randall (D), elected December 4, 1876
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II
- Republican Conference Chairman: George W. McCrary
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1880; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, facing re-election in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1878.
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House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- Replacements: 4
- Democratic: 1 seat net gain
- Republican: 1 seat net loss
- Deaths: 3
- Resignations: 1
- Vacancy: 1
- Interim appointments: 3
- Seats of newly admitted states: 2
- Total seats with changes: 7
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|- | Louisiana (3) | Vacant | Senate had declined to seat rival claimants William L. McMillen and P. B. S. Pinchback.[1] Successor elected January 12, 1876. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James B. Eustis (D) | January 10, 1876
|-
| Tennessee (1)
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Andrew Johnson (D)
| Died July 31, 1875.
Successor appointed August 18, 1875, to continue the term.
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | David M. Key (D)
| August 18, 1875
|-
| Connecticut (3)
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Orris S. Ferry (R)
| Died November 21, 1875.
Successor appointed November 27, 1875, to continue the term.
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James E. English (D)
| November 27, 1875
|-
| Connecticut (3)
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James E. English (D)
| Interim appointee retired May 17, 1876 when successor elected.
Successor elected May 17, 1876.
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William H. Barnum (D)
| May 18, 1876
|-
| Maine (2)
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lot M. Morrill (R)
| Resigned July 7, 1876 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.
Successor appointed July 10, 1876, to continue the term.
Interim appointee later elected January 17, 1877.
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James G. Blaine (R)
| July 10, 1876
|-
| West Virginia (1)
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Allen T. Caperton (D)
| Died July 26, 1876.
Successor appointed August 26, 1876, to continue the term.
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel Price (D)
| August 26, 1876
|-
| Colorado (2)
| New seat
| Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.
First senator elected November 15, 1876
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry M. Teller (R)
| November 15, 1876
|-
| Colorado (3)
| New seat
| Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.
First senator elected November 15, 1876
| nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jerome B. Chaffee (R)
| November 15, 1876
|-
| Tennessee (1)
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | David M. Key (D)
| Interim appointee lost special election.
Successor elected January 19, 1877.
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James E. Bailey (D)
| January 19, 1877
|-
| West Virginia (1)
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel Price (D)
| Interim appointee lost special election.
Successor elected January 26, 1877, but seat remained vacant until successor qualified by resigning from the U.S. House on January 31, 1877.
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Hereford (D)
| January 31, 1877
|}
House of Representatives
| House seats by party holding plurality in state | |
|---|---|
| <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> 80+% Democratic | <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> 80+% Republican |
| <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> 60+ to 80% Democratic | <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> 60+ to 80% Republican |
| <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> Up to 60% Democratic | <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> Up to 60% Republican |
- Replacements: 14
- Democratic: no net change
- Republican: no net change
- Deaths: 9
- Resignations: 6
- Contested election: 5
- Seats of newly admitted states: 1
- Total seats with changes: 21
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|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep-elect Garnett McMillan died before taking seat | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | May 5, 1875
|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep. Samuel F. Hersey died during previous congress | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Harris M. Plaisted (R) | September 13, 1875
|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep.-elect Augustus F. Allen died before taking seat | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nelson I. Norton (R) | December 6, 1875
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Buffington (R) | Died March 7, 1875 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William W. Crapo (R) | November 2, 1875
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | George A. La Dow (D) | Died May 1, 1875 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lafayette Lane (D) | October 25, 1875
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel M. Fite (D) | Died October 23, 1875 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Haywood Y. Riddle (D) | December 14, 1875
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry H. Starkweather (R) | Died January 28, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John T. Wait (R) | April 12, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Josiah T. Walls (R) | Lost contested election April 19, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jesse J. Finley (D) | April 19, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles B. Farwell (R) | Lost contested election May 6, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John V. Le Moyne (D) | May 6, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William H. Barnum (D) | Resigned May 18, 1876, after being elected to the US Senate | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Levi Warner (D) | December 4, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Morey (R) | Lost contested election June 8, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William B. Spencer (D) | June 8, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Independent (United States) | Thomas W. Bennett (I) | Lost contested election June 23, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Stephen S. Fenn (D) | June 23, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James G. Blaine (R) | Resigned July 10, 1876, after being appointed to the US Senate | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edwin Flye (R) | December 4, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edward Y. Parsons (D) | Died July 8, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry Watterson (D) | August 12, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Winthrop W. Ketcham (R) | Resigned July 19, 1876, after being appointed judge to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William H. Stanton (D) | November 7, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR) | style="font-size:80%" |Seat declared vacant July 19, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles W. Buttz (R) | November 7, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rufus S. Frost (R) | Lost contested election July 28, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Josiah G. Abbott (D) | July 28, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas M. Patterson (D) | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876 | colspan=2 | Statehood achieved
|- | Template:Ushr | New seat | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. Seat remained vacant until October 3, 1876. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James B. Belford (R) | October 3, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Michael C. Kerr (D) | Died August 19, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nathan T. Carr (D) | December 15, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James D. Williams (D) | Resigned December 1, 1876, after being elected Governor of Indiana | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Andrew Humphreys (D) | December 5, 1876
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Smith Ely Jr. (D) | Resigned December 11, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | David D. Field II (D) | January 11, 1877
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William B. Spencer (D) | Resigned January 8, 1877, to become an associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court | Vacant | Not filled this term
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Hereford (D) | Resigned January 31, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term
|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | Resigned March 3, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term
|}
Committees
Template:List of Congressional Committees instructions
Senate
- Agriculture (Chairman: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen; Ranking Member: Henry G. Davis)
- Appropriations (Chairman: William Windom; Ranking Member: Stephen W. Dorsey)
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John P. Jones; Ranking Member: George R. Dennis)
- Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard; Ranking Member: John J. Patterson)
- Claims (Chairman: George G. Wright; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
- Commerce (Chairman: Roscoe Conkling; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
- Counting the Electoral Vote (Select)
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: George E. Spencer; Ranking Member: Thomas J. Robertson)
- Education and Labor (Chairman: John J. Patterson; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
- Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Thomas F. Bayard; Ranking Member: Henry B. Anthony)
- Enrolled Bills
- Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Select) (Chairman: James M. Harvey; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
- Finance (Chairman: John Sherman; Ranking Member: John P. Jones)
- Foreign Relations (Chairman: Simon Cameron; Ranking Member: Roscoe Conkling)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: William B. Allison; Ranking Member: Powell Clayton)
- Judiciary (Chairman: George F. Edmunds; Ranking Member: Timothy O. Howe)
- Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas J. Robertson; Ranking Member: William A. Wallace)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: John A. Logan; Ranking Member: Ambrose E. Burnside)
- Mines and Mining (Chairman: Aaron A. Sargent; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
- Mississippi River Levee System (Select) (Chairman: James L. Alcorn; Ranking Member: Henry Cooper)
- Mississippi Election Frauds, 1876 (Chairman: George S. Boutwell; Ranking Member: Joseph E. McDonald)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: Aaron H. Cragin; Ranking Member: Simon B. Conover)
- Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
- Patents (Chairman: Bainbridge Wadleigh; Ranking Member: John W. Johnston)
- Pensions (Chairman: John J. Ingalls; Ranking Member: Blanche Bruce)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Hannibal Hamlin; Ranking Member: Algernon S. Paddock)
- Private Land Claims (Chairman: Allen G. Thurman; Ranking Member: George F. Edmunds)
- Privileges and Elections (Chairman: Oliver P. Morton; Ranking Member: Samuel J.R. McMillan)
- Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Justin S. Morrill; Ranking Member: Newton Booth)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Richard J. Oglesby; Ranking Member: Newton Booth)
- Railroads (Chairman: Joseph R. West; Ranking Member: John H. Mitchell)
- Revision of the Laws (Chairman: George S. Boutwell; Ranking Member: Isaac P. Christiancy)
- Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: John W. Stevenson; Ranking Member: George G. Wright)
- Rules (Chairman: Thomas W. Ferry; Ranking Member: Augustus S. Merrimon)
- Tariff Regulation (Select)
- Territories (Chairman: Phineas W. Hitchcock; Ranking Member: William Sharon)
- Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Select)
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts (Chairman: Charles B. Roberts; Ranking Member: George G. Hoskins)
- Agriculture (Chairman: John H. Caldwell; Ranking Member: William B. Anderson)
- Appropriations (Chairman: William S. Holman; Ranking Member: William A. Wheeler)
- Banking and Currency (Chairman: Samuel S. Cox; Ranking Member: Scott Wike)
- Claims (Chairman: John M. Bright; Ranking Member: John F. Philips)
- Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: Alexander H. Stephens; Ranking Member: Levi Maish)
- Commerce (Chairman: Elijah Ward; Ranking Member: Henry Myer Phillips)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Aylett H. Buckner; Ranking Member: George Willard)
- Education and Labor (Chairman: Gilbert C. Walker; Ranking Member: William M. Springer)
- Elections (Chairman: John T. Harris; Ranking Member: Earley F. Poppleton)
- Enrolled Bills
- Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: William Mutchler; Ranking Member: Laurin D. Woodworth)
- Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: Bernard G. Caulfield; Ranking Member: Edwin R. Meade)
- Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: George M. Beebe; Ranking Member: John H. Burleigh)
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William H. Stone; Ranking Member: William H.H. Stowell)
- Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: William M. Springer; Ranking Member: John W. Wallace)
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: John M. Bright; Ranking Member: John S. Savage)
- Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: John Robbins; Ranking Member: Lyman K. Bass)
- Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Henry B. Metcalfe; Ranking Member: Samuel N. Bell)
- Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Swann; Ranking Member: William H. Forney)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: Alfred M. Scales; Ranking Member: Lafayette Lane)
- Invalid Pensions (Chairman: George A. Jenks; Ranking Member: Jesse J. Yeates)
- Judiciary (Chairman: J. Proctor Knott; Ranking Member: Bernard G. Caulfield)
- Manufactures (Chairman: William H. Stone; Ranking Member: Samuel D. Burchard)
- Mileage (Chairman: Albert G. Egbert; Ranking Member: Nathaniel H. Odell)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: Henry B. Banning; Ranking Member: Augustus A. Hardenbergh)
- Militia (Chairman: Jacob P. Cowan; Ranking Member: John K. Tarbox)
- Mines and Mining (Chairman: Richard P. Bland; Ranking Member: Alexander Campbell)
- Mississippi Levees (Chairman: E. John Ellis; Ranking Member: James Sheakley)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: Washington C. Whitthorne; Ranking Member: John Robbins)
- Pacific Railroads (Chairman: Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II; Ranking Member: John F. Philips)
- Patents (Chairman: Robert B. Vance; Ranking Member: William E. Smith)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John B. Clark Jr.; Ranking Member: William F. Slemons)
- Private Land Claims (Chairman: Thomas M. Gunter; Ranking Member: Lucien L. Ainsworth)
- Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: William S. Holman; Ranking Member: Casey Young)
- Public Expenditures (Chairman: Charles W. Milliken; Ranking Member: Alexander Campbell)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Milton Sayler; Ranking Member: Lafayette Lane)
- Railways and Canals (Chairman: Thomas L. Jones; Ranking Member: Levi A. Mackey)
- Reform in the Civil Service (Chairman: John O. Whitehouse; Ranking Member: Augustus W. Cutler)
- Revision of Laws (Chairman: Milton J. Durham; Ranking Member: Milton J. Durham)
- Revolutionary Pensions and War of 1812 (Chairman: Eppa Hunton; Ranking Member: John G. Schumaker)
- Rules (Select) (Chairman: Michael C. Kerr; Ranking Member: James G. Blaine)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories (Chairman: Milton I. Southard; Ranking Member: Peter D. Wigginton)
- War Claims (Chairman: John R. Eden; Ranking Member: John H. Caldwell)
- Ways and Means (Chairman: William R. Morrison; Ranking Member: James G. Blaine)
- Whole
Joint committees
- Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
- Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. Henry R. Harris; Vice Chairman: Rep. Harris M. Plaisted)
- Frame a Form of Government for the District of Columbia
- Investigate Chinese Immigration
- The Library (Chairman: Rep. Hiester Clymer; Vice Chairman: Rep. James Monroe)
- Printing (Chairman: Rep. John L. Vance; Vice Chairmam: Rep. Latimer W. Ballou)
Caucuses
- Democratic (House)
- Democratic (Senate)
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark
- Librarian of Congress: Ainsworth Rand Spofford
- Public Printer of the United States: Almon M. Clapp, from 1876
Senate
- Chaplain: Byron Sunderland (Presbyterian)
- Librarian: George F. Dawson
- Secretary: George C. Gorham
- Sergeant at Arms: John R. French
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: John George Butler (Lutheran), until December 6, 1875
- I. L. Townsend (Episcopalian), from December 6, 1875
- Clerk: Edward McPherson, until December 6, 1875
- George M. Adams, elected December 6, 1875
- Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: William H. Scudder
- Doorkeeper: Lafayette H. Fitzhugh
- Postmaster: James M. Steuart
- Reading Clerks: Thomas S. Pettit (D) and Neill S. Brown Jr. (R)
- Sergeant at Arms: Nehemiah G. Ordway, until December 6, 1875
- John G. Thompson, elected December 6, 1875
See also
- 1874 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 1876 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
References
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External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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