44th United States Congress

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from 44th Congress)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description Template:Infobox United States Congress The 44th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1875, to March 4, 1877, during the seventh and eighth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1870 United States census. For the first time since the American Civil War, the House had a Democratic majority. The Senate maintained a Republican majority. Template:TOC limit

Major events

File:Keppler-Conkling-Mephistopheles.jpg
A political cartoon by Joseph Keppler depicts Roscoe Conkling as Mephistopheles, as Rutherford B. Hayes strolls off with a woman labeled as "Solid South"

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

Major legislation

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

State admitted

  • August 1, 1876: Colorado admitted as the 38th state

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

During this Congress, two Senate seats and one House seat were added for the new state, Colorado.

Senate

Template:US Congress party summary

House of Representatives

Affiliation Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" | style="background-color:Template:Party color" |
Democratic
(D)
Independent
Democratic

(ID)
Independent
(I)
Independent
Republican

(IR)
Republican
(R)
Other Vacant
End of previous Congress 95 7 0 0 style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | 199 (Liberal
Republican
)
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
4
290 2
Begin style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 176 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" rowspan="2" | 1 4 4 104 0 289 3
End style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 179 3 103 290
Final voting share colspan="2" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | 62.8% 1.4% 35.8% 0.0%
Beginning of the next Congress 144 2 0 0 146 0 292 1

Leadership

File:Henry Wilson, VP of the United States.jpg
President of the Senate Henry Wilson

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1880; Class 2 meant their term ended in this Congress, facing re-election in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1878.

<templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css"/>

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

<templatestyles src="Col-begin/styles.css"/>

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 4
  • Deaths: 3
  • Resignations: 1
  • Vacancy: 1
  • Interim appointments: 3
  • Seats of newly admitted states: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 7

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Ordinal US Congress change

|- | Louisiana (3) | Vacant | Senate had declined to seat rival claimants William L. McMillen and P. B. S. Pinchback.[1] Successor elected January 12, 1876. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James B. Eustis (D) | January 10, 1876

|- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Andrew Johnson (D) | Died July 31, 1875.
Successor appointed August 18, 1875, to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | David M. Key (D) | August 18, 1875

|- | Connecticut (3) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Orris S. Ferry (R) | Died November 21, 1875.
Successor appointed November 27, 1875, to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James E. English (D) | November 27, 1875

|- | Connecticut (3) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James E. English (D) | Interim appointee retired May 17, 1876 when successor elected.
Successor elected May 17, 1876. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William H. Barnum (D) | May 18, 1876

|- | Maine (2) | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lot M. Morrill (R) | Resigned July 7, 1876 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.
Successor appointed July 10, 1876, to continue the term.
Interim appointee later elected January 17, 1877. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James G. Blaine (R) | July 10, 1876

|- | West Virginia (1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Allen T. Caperton (D) | Died July 26, 1876.
Successor appointed August 26, 1876, to continue the term. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel Price (D) | August 26, 1876

|- | Colorado (2) | New seat | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.
First senator elected November 15, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry M. Teller (R) | November 15, 1876

|- | Colorado (3) | New seat | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.
First senator elected November 15, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jerome B. Chaffee (R) | November 15, 1876

|- | Tennessee (1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | David M. Key (D) | Interim appointee lost special election.
Successor elected January 19, 1877. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James E. Bailey (D) | January 19, 1877

|- | West Virginia (1) | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel Price (D) | Interim appointee lost special election.
Successor elected January 26, 1877, but seat remained vacant until successor qualified by resigning from the U.S. House on January 31, 1877. | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Hereford (D) | January 31, 1877

|}

House of Representatives

File:44 us house membership.png
House seats by party holding plurality in state
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  80+% Democratic
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  80+% Republican
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  60+ to 80% Democratic
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  60+ to 80% Republican
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Up to 60% Democratic
<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" />
  Up to 60% Republican
  • Replacements: 14
  • Deaths: 9
  • Resignations: 6
  • Contested election: 5
  • Seats of newly admitted states: 1
  • Total seats with changes: 21

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Ordinal US Congress change

|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep-elect Garnett McMillan died before taking seat | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | May 5, 1875

|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep. Samuel F. Hersey died during previous congress | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Harris M. Plaisted (R) | September 13, 1875

|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | Rep.-elect Augustus F. Allen died before taking seat | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nelson I. Norton (R) | December 6, 1875

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Buffington (R) | Died March 7, 1875 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William W. Crapo (R) | November 2, 1875

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | George A. La Dow (D) | Died May 1, 1875 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lafayette Lane (D) | October 25, 1875

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel M. Fite (D) | Died October 23, 1875 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Haywood Y. Riddle (D) | December 14, 1875

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry H. Starkweather (R) | Died January 28, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | John T. Wait (R) | April 12, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Josiah T. Walls (R) | Lost contested election April 19, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Jesse J. Finley (D) | April 19, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles B. Farwell (R) | Lost contested election May 6, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John V. Le Moyne (D) | May 6, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William H. Barnum (D) | Resigned May 18, 1876, after being elected to the US Senate | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Levi Warner (D) | December 4, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Morey (R) | Lost contested election June 8, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William B. Spencer (D) | June 8, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap Template:Party shading/Independent (United States) | Thomas W. Bennett (I) | Lost contested election June 23, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Stephen S. Fenn (D) | June 23, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James G. Blaine (R) | Resigned July 10, 1876, after being appointed to the US Senate | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edwin Flye (R) | December 4, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edward Y. Parsons (D) | Died July 8, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry Watterson (D) | August 12, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Winthrop W. Ketcham (R) | Resigned July 19, 1876, after being appointed judge to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William H. Stanton (D) | November 7, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Edmund W. M. Mackey (IR) | style="font-size:80%" |Seat declared vacant July 19, 1876 | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles W. Buttz (R) | November 7, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rufus S. Frost (R) | Lost contested election July 28, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Josiah G. Abbott (D) | July 28, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas M. Patterson (D) | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876 | colspan=2 | Statehood achieved

|- | Template:Ushr | New seat | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876. Seat remained vacant until October 3, 1876. | nowrap style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James B. Belford (R) | October 3, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Michael C. Kerr (D) | Died August 19, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nathan T. Carr (D) | December 15, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James D. Williams (D) | Resigned December 1, 1876, after being elected Governor of Indiana | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Andrew Humphreys (D) | December 5, 1876

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Smith Ely Jr. (D) | Resigned December 11, 1876 | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | David D. Field II (D) | January 11, 1877

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William B. Spencer (D) | Resigned January 8, 1877, to become an associate justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Frank Hereford (D) | Resigned January 31, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term

|- | Template:Ushr | nowrap style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Benjamin H. Hill (D) | Resigned March 3, 1877, after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term

|}

Committees

Template:List of Congressional Committees instructions

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Template:USCongresses

  1. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".