35th United States Congress
Template:Short description Template:Infobox United States Congress
The 35th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1859, during the first two years of James Buchanan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1850 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic majority. Template:TOC limit
Major events
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- Panic of 1857
- March 4, 1857. James Buchanan became President of the United States
- March 6, 1857: Dred Scott v. Sandford
- July 18, 1857: Utah Expedition left Fort Leavenworth, effectively beginning the Utah War
- February 6, 1858: Brawl on the floor of the House involving 50 or more representatives during the debates over the admission of Kansas as free or slave[1]
- August 21, 1858: First of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was held
- March 3, 1859: Financial appropriations for the improvement and construction of lighthouses.
Major legislation
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Treaties
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- March 12, 1858: Treaty with the Ponca signed[2]
- April 19, 1858: Treaty with the Yankton Sioux signed
- July 29, 1858: Harris Treaty signed with Japan
States admitted
- May 11, 1858: Minnesota admitted as the 32nd state
- February 14, 1859: Oregon admitted as the 33rd state
Party summary
Senate
During this congress, two Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Minnesota and Oregon. Template:US Congress party summary
House of Representatives
During this congress, two House seats were added for the new state of Minnesota and one House seat was added for the new state of Oregon. Template:US Congress party summary
Leadership
Senate
John C. Breckinridge
- President: John C. Breckinridge (D)
- President pro tempore: James M. Mason (D), March 4, 1857, only
- Thomas J. Rusk (D), elected March 14, 1857
- Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D), elected December 7, 1857
House of Representatives
- Speaker: James L. Orr (D)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1862; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1858; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1860.
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AlabamaArkansasCaliforniaConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaIllinoisIndianaIowaKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesota
Mississippi |
MissouriNew Hampshire
New JerseyNew YorkNorth Carolina
OhioOregon
PennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
VermontVirginiaWisconsin |
2 Democrats <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> 1 Democrat and 1 Republican <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> 2 Republicans <templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /> 2 Know-Nothings |
James Murray Mason, March 4, 1857 Thomas J. Rusk, March 14, 1857 – July 29, 1857 Benjamin Fitzpatrick, from December 7, 1857
|
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
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- Replacements: 5
- Democrats (D): no net change
- Whigs (W): no net change
- Republicans (R): no net change
- Americans (A): no net change
- Deaths: 4
- Resignations: 1
- Interim appointments: 2
- Seats of newly admitted states: 4
- Total seats with changes: 9
Template:Ordinal US Congress change
|-
| Tennessee
(1)
| Vacant
| Legislature had failed to elect.
Successor elected October 8, 1857.
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Andrew Johnson (D)
| October 8, 1857
|-
| South Carolina
(3)
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Andrew Butler (D)
| Died May 25, 1857.
Successor elected December 7, 1857.
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James H. Hammond (D)
| December 7, 1857
|-
| New Hampshire
(3)
| style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Bell (R)
| Died May 26, 1857.
Successor elected June 27, 1857.
| style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Daniel Clark (R)
| June 27, 1857
|-
| Texas
(1)
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas J. Rusk (D)
| Died July 29, 1857.
Successor appointed November 9, 1857.
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Pinckney Henderson (D)
| November 9, 1857
|-
| North Carolina
(3)
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Asa Biggs (D)
| Resigned May 5, 1858, to become judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of North Carolina.
Successor appointed May 7, 1858.
Appointee elected November 23, 1858.
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas L. Clingman (D)
| May 7, 1858
|-
| South Carolina
(2)
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Josiah J. Evans (D)
| Died May 6, 1858.
Successor appointed May 11, 1858.
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Arthur P. Hayne (D)
| May 11, 1858
|-
| Minnesota
(1)
| New seat
| Minnesota admitted to the Union May 11, 1858, and its first Senators were elected that day.
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Henry M. Rice (D)
| May 11, 1858
|-
| Minnesota
(2)
| New seat
| Minnesota admitted to the Union May 11, 1858, and its first Senators were elected that day.
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Shields (D)
| May 11, 1858
|-
| Texas
(1)
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Pinckney Henderson (D)
| Died June 4, 1858.
Successor appointed September 27, 1858.
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Matthias Ward (D)
| September 27, 1858
|-
| South Carolina
(2)
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Arthur P. Hayne (D)
| Interim appointee retired.
Successor elected December 2, 1858.
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Chesnut Jr. (D)
| December 3, 1858
|-
| Oregon
(2)
| New seat
| Oregon admitted to the Union February 14, 1859, and its first Senators were elected that day.
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Delazon Smith (D)
| February 14, 1859
|-
| Oregon
(3)
| New seat
| Oregon admitted to the Union February 14, 1859, and its first Senators were elected that day.
| style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph Lane (D)
| February 14, 1859
|}
House of Representatives
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- Replacements: 10
- Democrats (D): 3 seat net loss
- Whigs (W): 3 seat net gain
- Republicans (R): 1 seat net gain
- Independent Democrats (ID): 1 seat net gain
- Deaths: 5
- Resignations: 6
- Contested election:1
- Seats of newly admitted states: 3
- Total seats with changes: 14
Template:Ordinal US Congress change
|- | Template:Ushr | Vacant | style="font-size:80%" | Rep. James S. Green was elected to this term but resigned after being elected in turn to the US Senate | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John B. Clark (D) | Seated December 7, 1857 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Samuel Brenton (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Died March 29, 1857 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles Case (R) | Seated December 7, 1857 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John G. Montgomery (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died April 24, 1857 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Paul Leidy (D) | Seated December 7, 1857 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James Lockhart (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died September 7, 1857 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William E. Niblack (D) | Seated December 7, 1857 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Nathaniel P. Banks (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 24, 1857, after being elected Governor of Massachusetts | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Daniel W. Gooch (R) | Seated January 31, 1858 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas L. Clingman (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 7, 1858, after being appointed to the US Senate | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Zebulon B. Vance (D) | Seated December 7, 1858 |- | Template:Ushr | New seat | style="font-size:80%" | Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | James M. Cavanaugh (D) | Seated May 11, 1858 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William W. Kingsbury (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 | colspan=2 | Seat eliminated |- | Template:Ushr | New seat | style="font-size:80%" | Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | William W. Phelps (D) | Seated May 11, 1858 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Lewis D. Campbell (R) | style="font-size:80%" | Lost contested election May 25, 1858 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Clement Vallandigham (D) | Seated May 25, 1858 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John A. Quitman (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died July 17, 1858 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John J. McRae (D) | Seated December 7, 1858 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | J. Glancy Jones (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 30, 1858 | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | William H. Keim (R) | Seated December 7, 1858 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas L. Harris (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Died November 24, 1858 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Charles D. Hodges (D) | Seated January 4, 1859 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | John Kelly (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Resigned December 25, 1858 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Thomas J. Barr (D) | Seated January 7, 1859 |- | Template:Ushr | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Joseph Lane (D) | style="font-size:80%" | Oregon was admitted to the Union February 14, 1859 | colspan=2 | Seat eliminated |- | Template:Ushr | New seat | style="font-size:80%" | Oregon was admitted to the Union February 14, 1859 | style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | La Fayette Grover (D) | Seated February 14, 1859 |}
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Josiah J. Evans then William Wright)
- Banks of the District of Columbia (Select)
- Claims (Chairman: Alfred Iverson Sr.)
- Commerce (Chairman: Clement Claiborne Clay)
- Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Albert G. Brown)
- Engrossed Bills (Chairman: William Wright)
- Finance (Chairman: Robert M.T. Hunter)
- Foreign Relations (Chairman: James M. Mason)
- French Spoilations (Select)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: William K. Sebastian)
- Judiciary (Chairman: James A. Bayard Jr.)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: Jefferson Davis)
- Military Asylum near Washington, D.C. (Select)
- Militia (Chairman: N/A)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: Stephen Mallory)
- Ordnance and War Ships (Select)
- Pacific Railroad (Select)
- Patents and the Patent Office (Chairman: David S. Reid)
- Pensions (Chairman: George Wallace Jones)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: David Levy Yulee)
- Printing (Chairman: Robert W. Johnson)
- Private Land Claims (Chairman: Judah P. Benjamin)
- Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Jesse D. Bright)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Charles E. Stuart)
- Retrenchment (Chairman: Stephen A. Douglas)
- Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Josiah J. Evans)
- Tariff Regulation (Select)
- Territories (Chairman: N/A)
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts (Chairman: John C. Mason)
- Agriculture (Chairman: William G. Whiteley)
- Claims (Chairman: Samuel S. Marshall)
- Commerce (Chairman: John Cochrane)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: William O. Goode)
- Elections (Chairman: Thomas L. Harris)
- Engraving (Chairman: Garnett B. Adrain)
- Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: John B. Haskin)
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Albert G. Talbott)
- Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: Owen Jones)
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: William Lawrence)
- Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Wilson Reilly)
- Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Allison White)
- Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Thomas L. Clingman)
- Indian Affairs (Chairman: Alfred B. Greenwood)
- Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Joshua H. Jewett)
- Judiciary (Chairman: George S. Houston)
- Manufactures (Chairman: William D. Bishop)
- Mileage (Chairman: Robert Smith)
- Military Affairs (Chairman: John A. Quitman)
- Militia (Chairman: Israel T. Hatch)
- Naval Affairs (Chairman: Thomas S. Bocock)
- Patents (Chairman: James A. Stewart)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: William H. English)
- Private Land Claims (Chairman: John M. Sandidge)
- Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Lawrence M. Keitt)
- Public Expenditures (Chairman: John M. Elliott)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Williamson R. W. Cobb)
- Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: William L. Dewart)
- Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Samuel S. Cox)
- Revolutionary Pensions (Chairman: John Hickman)
- Roads and Canals (Chairman: George W. Jones)
- Rules (Select)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories (Chairman: Alexander H. Stephens)
- Ways and Means (Chairman: J. Glancy Jones then John S. Phelps)
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Rep. Thomas G. Davidson)
- The Library (Chairman: Rep. William H. Dimmick)
- Printing (Chairman: Rep. Samuel A. Smith)
Caucuses
- Democratic (House)
- Democratic (Senate)
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
Senate
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: None
- Clerk: James C. Allen
- Doorkeeper: Robert B. Hackney, until May 17, 1858
- Joseph L. Wright, elected May 18, 1858
- Messenger: Thaddeus Morrice
- Sergeant at Arms: Adam J. Glossbrenner
- Postmaster: Michael W. Cluskey
- Reading Clerks: Template:Dm
See also
- 1856 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 1858 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
Template:Reflist Template:Notelist
References
- Specific citations
- General references
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External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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