1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox referendum Template:Ruhollah Khomeini series A referendum on creating an Islamic Republic was held in Iran on 30 and 31 March 1979. Political parties such as the National Democratic Front and the Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas boycotted the referendum.

The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran, the Tudeh Party of Iran, the Freedom Movement of Iran, the National Front, and the Islamic People's Republican Party, also "objected to the imposition of Khomeini's choice".[1] According to official results, it was approved by 98.2% of eligible citizens.[2][3] However, votes were color-coded and voting booths were lacking, explaining the unusually high approval rate.[4]

In order to include the Iranian youth who participated in the revolution, the voting age was lowered from 18 to 16.[2]

Following this, the 1906 constitution was declared invalid and a new constitution for an Islamic state was created and ratified by another referendum in December 1979.

Party policies

Position Organizations Ref
Yes
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Islamic Republican Party [1]
National Front [1][5]
Freedom Movement [1][5]
Tudeh Party [1][5]
People's Mojahedin Organization [1]
Muslim People's Republic Party [1]
Toilers Party [6]
Iran Party Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Pan-Iranist Party [7]
Nation Party [7]
Boycott
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 		National Democratic Front [1]
Organization of People's Fedai Guerrillas [8]
People's Fedai Guerrillas [9]
Peykar [7]
Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan [10]
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan [10]

Voting

File:Iranian Islamic Republic referendum, March 1979.jpg
Woman casting her vote

Voters were given a three-part ballot, two of which containing the following statement: Template:Verse translation

The Interim Government of Iran invited a four-man delegation of international jurists from International Association of Democratic Lawyers to monitor the voting.[11] According to The Washington Post, polling places lacked voting booths and the color-coded ballots could clearly be seen by observers, quoting head of the delegation "this is not the way we do things in the West, and it does not meet our criteria of democracy".[12] Sadegh Zibakalam describes the referendum as "free and fair".[13] Michael Axworthy states "there may have been some irregularities in the referendum, but most balanced observers then and since have accepted that whatever the conditions, a referendum at that time with that question would always have given a massive majority for the same result", that is the end of the monarchy.[14]

A huge voter turnout was reported nationwide, except for Turkmen Sahra and Iranian Kurdistan, where the referendum was not held in full due to ongoing armed conflicts.[15]

Results

Choice Votes %
For 20,147,855 99.3
Against 140,996 0.7
Valid Votes 20,288,851 100
Source: Nohlen et al[16]
Choice Votes
Number of Eligible Voters 20,857,391
Number of Actual Voters 20,440,108
Voter Turnout 98%
Source: Iran Social Science Data Portal[17]

Results by province

Province Votes Proportion of votes
Yes No Yes No
East Azerbaijan province 2,001,628 5,354 99.73% 0.27%
West Azerbaijan province 640,323 5,547 99.14% 0.86%
Isfahan province 1,357,605 4,470 99.67% 0.33%
Ilam province 161,942 16 99.99% 0.01%
Bakhtaran Province 612,830 6,159 99.00% 1.00%
Bushehr province 200,023 333 99.83% 0.17%
Tehran province 3,462,449 72,980 97.94% 2.06%
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province 210,936 885 99.58% 0.42%
Khorasan Province 1,983,458 6,712 99.66% 0.34%
Khuzestan province 1,248,591 8,557 99.32% 0.68%
Zanjan province 765,786 875 99.89% 0.11%
Semnan province 185,674 424 99.77% 0.23%
Sistan and Baluchestan province 314,319 1,052 99.67% 0.33%
Fars province 1,224,821 5,281 99.57% 0.43%
Kordestan Province 318,360 2,570 99.20% 0.80%
Kerman province 651,011 1,507 99.77% 0.23%
Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province 159,463 254 99.84% 0.16%
Gilan province 810,708 7,539 99.08% 0.92%
Lorestan province 643,216 821 99.87% 0.13%
Mazandaran province 1,205,501 3,871 99.68% 0.32%
Markazi province 771,189 1,052 99.86% 0.14%
Hormozgan province 252,791 3,842 98.50% 1.50%
Hamedan Province 744,636 1,023 99.86% 0.14%
Yazd province 241,024 187 99.92% 0.08%
Abroad 118,069 12,444 90.47% 9.53%
Total 20,286,353 153,755 99.25% 0.75%
Source: Ministry of InteriorScript error: No such module "Unsubst".

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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