Persian Constitution of 1906
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The Persian Constitution of 1906[1][2][3] (Template:Langx), was the first constitution of the Sublime State of Iran (Persia) and a result of the Persian Constitutional Revolution. It was written by Hassan Pirnia, Hossein Pirnia, and Esmail Momtaz od-Dowleh, among others.[4] The Constitution was also in effect during Pahlavi Iran. It is divided into five chapters with many articles that developed over several years. The Quran was the foundation of the constitution while the Belgian constitution served as a partial model, which guaranteed each citizen equality before the law, and a safeguarding of personal honour, property and speech.[5][6]
The electoral and fundamental laws of 1906
The electoral and fundamental laws of 1906 established the electoral system and the internal frameworks of the Majlis (Parliament) and the Senate.
By the royal proclamation of 5 August 1906, Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar created this first constitution "for the peace and tranquility of all the people of Persia". Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar is credited with chapters 4 and 5.
The electoral law of 9 September 1906
The electoral law of 9 September 1906 defined the regulations for the Elections to the Majlis.
Disenfranchised
Article 3 of this chapter stated that (1) women, (2) foreigners, (3) those under 25, (4) "persons notorious for mischievous opinions," (5) those with a criminal record, (6) active military personnel, and a few other groups are not permitted to vote.
Election qualifications
Article 4 stated that the elected must be (1) fully literate in Persian, (2) "they must be Iranian subjects of Iranian extraction," (3) "be locally known," (4) "not be in government employment," (5) be between 30 and 70 years old, and (6) "have some insight into affairs of State."
Article 7 asserted, "Each elector has one vote and can only vote in one [social] class."
The fundamental laws of 30 December 1906
The fundamental laws of 30 December 1906 defined the role of the Majlis in the system and its framework. It further defined a bicameral legislature. Article 1 established the National Consultative Assembly[7] based "on justice." Article 43 stated, "There shall be constituted another Assembly, entitled the Senate."
Constitutional Amendment of 1907
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See also
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- Constitutionalization attempts in Iran
- 1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly
- 1963 Iranian referendum
- Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran
References and notes
Further reading
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External links
- Iran's 1906 Constitution and Its Supplement
- Constitution of Iran, 1906 (in Persian)
- Constitutional Revolution from Iran Chamber Society
- ↑ Tilmann J. Röder, The Separation of Powers: Historical and Comparative Perspectives, in: Rainer Grote and Tilmann J. Röder, Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries (Oxford University Press 2012), p. 321-3372. The article includes scientific English translation of the following documents: The Fundamental Law (Qanun-e Asasi-e Mashruteh) of the Iranian Empire of December 30, 1906 (p. 359-365); The Amendment of the Fundamental Law of the Iranian Empire of October 7, 1907 (p. 365-372).
- ↑ * The Mashruteh Constitution of Iran (farsi). Berlin 2014. Template:ISBN. (Details)
- ↑ Recognizing the centennial anniversary Template:Webarchive 109th CONGRESS, 2d Session, H. RES. 942, 25 July 2006
- ↑ For a modern English translation of the constitution and related laws see, Tilmann J. Röder, The Separation of Powers: Historical and Comparative Perspectives, in: Grote/Röder, Constitutionalism in Islamic Countries (Oxford University Press 2011).
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- ↑ This became known as the Islamic Consultative Assembly after the Islamic Revolution.