12th United States Congress
Template:Short description Template:More footnotes Template:Infobox United States Congress
The 12th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1811, to March 4, 1813, during the third and fourth years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority. Template:TOClimit
Major events
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- November 6, 1811: Battle of Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison defeated Tecumseh's forces
- December 16, 1811: New Madrid earthquake
- April 4, 1812: President Madison enacted a 90-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom
- April 20, 1812: Vice President George Clinton died
- June 18, 1812: War of 1812: United States declared war on Great Britain
- August 16, 1812: War of 1812: Detroit surrendered to the British.
- October 13, 1812: War of 1812: the Battle of Queenston Heights
- November 5, 1812: Elections of 1812:
Major legislation
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States admitted and territories organized
- April 30, 1812: Louisiana was admitted as a state into the Union. It was formerly known as the Territory of Orleans
- June 4, 1812: Missouri Territory was organized. It was formerly known as Louisiana Territory
George Clinton
William H. Crawford
Henry Clay
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
During this congress, two new Senate seats were added for the new state of Louisiana. Template:US Congress party summary
House of Representatives
During this congress, one new House seat was added for the new state of Louisiana. Template:US Congress party summary
Leadership
Senate
- President: George Clinton (DR), until April 20, 1812; vacant thereafter.
- President pro tempore: William H. Crawford (DR)
House of Representatives
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Henry Clay Democratic-Republican
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
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House of Representatives
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- Replacements: 1
- Democratic-Republicans: no net change
- Federalists: no net change
- Deaths: 0
- Resignations: 4
- Interim appointments: 1
- Seats of newly admitted states: 2
- Vacancies:1
- Total seats with changes: 6
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|-
| Massachusetts
(2)
| Vacant
| Legislature elected late.
Successor elected June 29, 1811.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph B. Varnum (DR)
| June 29, 1811
|-
| Rhode Island
(1)
| style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Christopher G. Champlin (F)
| Resigned October 2, 1811
Successor elected October 28, 1811.
| style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | William Hunter (F)
| October 28, 1811
|-
| Tennessee
(2)
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Jenkin Whiteside (DR)
| Resigned October 8, 1811.
Successor elected October 8, 1811.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | George W. Campbell (DR)
| October 8, 1811
|-
| Louisiana
(3)
| New seat
| Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.
Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812, for the term ending March 4, 1813.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Allan B. Magruder (DR)
| September 3, 1812
|-
| rowspan=3 | Louisiana
(2)
| New seat
| Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812.
Inaugural Senator elected September 3, 1812, for the term ending March 4, 1817.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Jean Noel Destréhan (DR)
| September 3, 1812
|-
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Jean N. Destréhan (DR)
| Resigned October 1, 1812, without having qualified.
Successor appointed October 8, 1812, to continue the term ending March 4, 1817.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas Posey (DR)
| October 8, 1812
|-
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas Posey (DR)
| Appointee lost election to finish the term.
Successor elected February 4, 1813.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Brown (DR)
| February 5, 1813
|}
House of Representatives
- Replacements: 3
- Democratic-Republicans: no net change
- Federalists: no net change
- Deaths: 2
- Resignations: 5
- Contested election: 1
- Seats of newly admitted states: 1
- Vacancies: 1
- Total seats with changes: 10
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|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Montgomery (DR) | Resigned April 29, 1811, to become attorney General of Maryland | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Stevenson Archer (DR) | Seated October 26, 1811 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph B. Varnum (DR) | Resigned June 29, 1811, to become U.S. Senator | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William M. Richardson (DR) | Seated November 4, 1811 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Hungerford (DR) | Lost contested election November 29, 1811 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Taliaferro (DR) | Seated November 29, 1811 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Barzillai Gannett (DR) | Resigned sometime in 1812 before April 6 (Template:Dm) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Francis Carr (DR) | Seated April 6, 1812 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas Blount (DR) | Died February 7, 1812 | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William Kennedy (DR) | Seated January 30, 1813 |- | Template:Ushr | colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Julien de Lallande Poydras had resigned in the previous Congress, and the seat remained vacant until the territory became the state of Louisiana on April 30, 1812 | rowspan=2 style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas B. Robertson (DR) | rowspan=2 | Seated April 30, 1812 |- | Template:Ushr
|- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Robert Le Roy Livingston (F) | Resigned May 6, 1812 | style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Thomas P. Grosvenor (F) | Seated January 29, 1813 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#AACC99" | Howell Cobb (DR) | Resigned sometime before October 1812 (Template:Dm) | style="background-color:#AACC99" | William Barnett (DR) | Seated October 5, 1812 |- | Template:Ushr | colspan=2 | Territory delegate seat established | Edward Hempstead | Seated November 9, 1812 |- | Template:Ushr | colspan=2 | Territory delegate seat established | Shadrach Bond | Seated December 3, 1812 |- | Template:Ushr | style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Smilie (DR) | Died December 30, 1812 | Vacant | Not filled until next Congress |}
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Michael Leib)
- Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Nicholas Gilman)
- National University
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts (Chairman: Charles Turner Jr.)
- Apportionment of Representatives (Select)
- Bankruptcy (Select)
- Claims (Chairman: Burwell Bassett then Thomas Gholson Jr.)
- Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph Lewis Jr.)
- Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
- Public Lands (Chairman: Jeremiah Morrow)
- Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Adam Seybert then Burwell Bassett)
- Rules (Select)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Ways and Means (Chairman: Ezekiel Bacon then Langdon Cheves)
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Script error: No such module "Unsubst".)
- The Library (Chairman: N/A)
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe, until July 1, 1811; vacant thereafter
- Librarian of Congress: Patrick Magruder
Senate
- Chaplain: Walter D. Addison (Presbyterian), until November 13, 1811
- John Brackenridge (Presbyterian), from November 13, 1811
- Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
- Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers, died
- Mountjoy Bayly, elected November 6, 1811
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Jesse Lee (Methodist), until November 13, 1811
- Nicholas Snethen (Methodist), elected November 13, 1811
- Jesse Lee (Methodist), elected November 2, 1812
- Clerk: Patrick Magruder
- Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
- Reading Clerks: Template:Dm
- Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn
See also
- 1810 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 1812 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
References
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