10th United States Congress
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The 10th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 census; both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority.
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Major events
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- May 22, 1807: Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr was indicted for treason. He was acquitted September 1, 1807
- June 1807: Chesapeake-Leopard Affair: The British warship Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". captured and boarded the Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities"..
- August 17, 1807: The Clermont, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
- January 1, 1808: The importation of slaves into the United States was banned
Stephen R. Bradley
Joseph B. Varnum
Major legislation
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- December 22, 1807: Embargo Act of 1807, ch. 5, 2 Stat. 451
- March 1, 1809: Non-Intercourse Act (1809), ch. 24, 2 Stat. 528
Territories organized
- February 3, 1809: Illinois Territory was organized from a portion of Indiana Territory, 2 Stat. 514
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
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House of Representatives
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Leadership
Senate
- President: George Clinton (DR)
- President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (DR), elected April 16, 1808
- Stephen R. Bradley (DR), elected December 28, 1808
- John Milledge (DR), elected January 30, 1809
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.
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House of Representatives
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Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change. Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Template:Ordinal US Congress change
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| Georgia
(2)
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Abraham Baldwin (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died March 4, 1807.
Temporary successor appointed August 27, 1807, to continue the term.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | George Jones (DR)
| August 27, 1807
|-
| Connecticut
(3)
| style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Uriah Tracy (F)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died July 19, 1807.
Successor elected October 25, 1807, to finish the term.
| style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Chauncey Goodrich (F)
| October 25, 1807
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| Rhode Island
(2)
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Fenner (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September, 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island.
Successor elected to finish the term.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Elisha Mathewson (DR)
| October 26, 1807
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| Vermont
(1)
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Israel Smith (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 1, 1807, to become Governor of Vermont.
Successor elected to finish the term.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Jonathan Robinson (DR)
| October 10, 1807
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| Georgia
(2)
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | George Jones (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected November 7, 1807, to finish the term, in place of a temporary appointee.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | William H. Crawford (DR)
| November 7, 1807
|-
| Ohio
(1)
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Smith (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 25, 1808.
Successor appointed to finish the term ending March 4, 1809.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR)
| December 12, 1808
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| Massachusetts
(1)
| style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John Quincy Adams (F)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term.
Winner elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.
| style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | James Lloyd (F)
| June 9, 1808
|-
| Pennsylvania
(1)
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Samuel Maclay (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 4, 1809, believing he would lose re-election.
Winner was elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Michael Leib (DR)
| January 9, 1809
|}
House of Representatives
Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.
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| Vacant
| style="font-size:80%" | Levi Casey (DR) died before the end of the preceding Congress
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph Calhoun (DR)
| Seated June 2, 1807
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| Vacant
| style="font-size:80%" | James M. Broom (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress
| style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Nicholas Van Dyke (F)
| Seated October 6, 1807
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| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Barnabas Bidwell (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 13, 1807, after becoming Attorney General of Massachusetts
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Ezekiel Bacon (DR)
| Seated September 16, 1807
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| style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John Culpepper (F)
| style="font-size:80%" | Seat declared vacant January 2, 1808
| style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | John Culpepper (F)
| Seated February 23, 1808
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| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Ezra Darby (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died January 27, 1808
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Adam Boyd (DR)
| Seated March 8, 1808
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| Benjamin Parke
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 1, 1808
| Jesse B. Thomas
| October 22, 1808
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| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph Clay (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 28, 1808
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Benjamin Say (DR)
| Seated November 16, 1808
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| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Jacob Crowninshield (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died April 15, 1808
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Joseph Story (DR)
| Seated May 23, 1808
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| style="background-color:#AACC99" | David Thomas (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming New York State Treasurer
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Nathan Wilson (DR)
| November 7, 1808
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| style="background-color:#AACC99" | James Witherell (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming judge of Supreme Court for Michigan Territory
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Samuel Shaw (DR)
| Seated September 6, 1808
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| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Nehemiah Knight (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died June 13, 1808
| style="background-color:#F6D6C9" | Richard Jackson Jr. (F)
| Seated November 11, 1808
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| style="background-color:#AACC99" | John Claiborne (DR)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died October 9, 1808
| style="background-color:#AACC99" | Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR)
| Seated November 7, 1808
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Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John Quincy Adams)
- Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Andrew Gregg then Francis Malbone)
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts (Chairman: Nicholas R. Moore)
- Affairs with Algiers (Select)
- Claims (Chairman: David Holmes)
- Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
- Conduct of Peter J. Bruin (Select)
- District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph Lewis Jr.)
- Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
- Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
- Public Lands (Chairman: John Boyle then Jeremiah Morrow)
- Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: John Clopton)
- Rules (Select)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Ways and Means (Chairman: George W. Campbell)
- Whole
Joint committees
- Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. James Turner)
- The Library (Chairman: N/A)
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
Senate
- Chaplain: John J. Sayrs (Episcopalian), until November 10, 1807
- Alexander T. McCormick (Episcopalian), elected November 10, 1807
- Robert Elliott (Presbyterian), elected November 10, 1808
- Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
- Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Robert Elliott Presbyterian, until October 30, 1807
- Obadiah B. Brown, Baptist, from October 30, 1807
- Clerk: John J. Beckley, until April 8, 1807 (died)
- Patrick Magruder, from April 8, 1807
- Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
- Reading Clerks: Template:Dm
- Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton, until October 27, 1807
- Thomas Dunn, from October 27, 1807
See also
- 1806 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
- 1808 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
Notes
References
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External links
- Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
- Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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