Ě

File:Latin letter E with caron.svg

Majuscule and minuscule ě.

The grapheme Ě, ě (E with caron) is used in the Czech, the Sorbian alphabets, in Pinyin, in Indonesian, in Javanese, in Sundanese and in Proto-Slavic notation.

Czech

The letter ě is a vestige of Old-Czech palatalization. The originally-palatalizing phoneme, yat /ě/ , became extinct and changed to or , but it is preserved as a grapheme.

The letter never appears in the initial position, and its pronunciation depends on the preceding consonant:

• Dě, tě, ně is written instead of ďe, ťe, ňe (analogously to di, ti, ni).
• Bě, pě, vě, fě is written instead of bje, pje, vje, fje. Nevertheless, some words (vjezd, "entry, drive-in"; objem, "volume") are written with bje, vje because –je- is part of the etymological root of the word, preceded by the prefix v- or ob-.
• Mě is written instead of mňe. For etymological reasons, mně is written in some words (jemný, "soft" -> jemně, "softly").

Serbo-Croatian

The grapheme is sometimes used in Serbo-Croatian to denote a jat (něsam, věra, lěpo, pověst, tělo). It is pronounced in different ways depending on the dialect: Ekavian (nesam, vera, lepo, povest, telo), Ikavian (nisam, vira, lipo, povist, tilo) or Ijekavian (nijesam, vjera, lijepo, povijest, tijelo). Historically its use was very widespread, but it gradually lost favour to combined j and e graphemes and was eventually dropped from the Gaj's Latin alphabet. It is found only in scientific and historically-accurate literature.

Chinese

Pinyin uses this ě (e caron), not the e breve (ĕ), to indicate the third tone of Mandarin Chinese.

Indonesian

Indonesian uses ě (e caron), to indicate pěpět (schwa) Template:Angbr IPA as well as Javanese and Sundanese.

Javanese

Javanese uses ě (e caron), to indicate pěpět (schwa) Template:Angbr IPA.

Sundanese

Like in Javanese, ě (e caron) in Sundanese also indicates pěpět (schwa) Template:Angbr IPA.

Gallery

• Náměstí Míru Prague Metro station
  Náměstí Míru Prague Metro station

References

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