Wikibooks: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Free resource library of books}}
{{Short description|Wikimedia project for free content textbooks}}
{{Infobox website
{{Infobox website
| name = Wikibooks
| name = Wikibooks
| logo = [[File:Wikibooks-logo-en.svg|135px|Wikibooks logo from 2009 to the present]]
| logo = [[File:Wikibooks-logo-en.svg|135px|alt=Wikibooks logo with text: WIKIBOOKS Open books for an open world|Wikibooks logo from 2009 to the present]]
| screenshot = Wikibooks 2024.png
| screenshot = Wikibooks 2024.png
| collapsible = yes
| collapsible = yes
Line 15: Line 15:
| launch_date = {{start date and age|2003|07|10}}
| launch_date = {{start date and age|2003|07|10}}
| current_status = Active
| current_status = Active
}}
}}{{Primary sources|date=December 2025}}[[File:Wikibooks growth.png|thumb|right|Growth of the eight largest Wikibooks sites (by language), July 2003–January 2010]]
[[File:Wikibooks growth.png|thumb|right|Growth of the eight largest Wikibooks sites (by language), July 2003–January 2010]]


'''Wikibooks''' (previously called ''Wikimedia Free Textbook Project'' and ''Wikimedia-Textbooks'') is a [[wiki]]-based [[Wikimedia project]] hosted by the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] for the creation of [[free content]] [[digital textbook]]s and annotated texts that anyone can edit.
'''Wikibooks''' is a [[wiki]]-based [[Wikimedia project]] hosted by the [[Wikimedia Foundation]] for the creation of [[free content]] [[digital textbook]]s and annotated texts that anyone can edit.


Initially, the project was created solely in English in July 2003; a later expansion to include additional [[language]]s was started in July 2004.<ref name="WikiStats">{{cite web | url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm | title=Wikibooks Statistics - Article count (official) | publisher=Wikimedia | access-date=28 January 2018 | archive-date=14 April 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414141656/https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, there are Wikibooks sites active for {{NUMBEROF|active|wikibooks}} languages<ref name="Sitematrix">[[Wikimedia]]'s [[MediaWiki]] [[:mw:API:Sitematrix|API:Sitematrix]]. Retrieved {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} from [[:c:Data:Wikipedia statistics/meta.tab|Data:Wikipedia statistics/meta.tab]]</ref> comprising a total of {{NUMBEROF|articles|totalactive.wikibooks|N}} articles and {{NUMBEROF|activeusers|totalactive.wikibooks|N}} recently active editors.<ref name="Siteinfo">[[Wikimedia]]'s [[MediaWiki]]  [[:mw:API:Siteinfo|API:Siteinfo]]. Retrieved {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} from [[:c:Data:Wikipedia statistics/data.tab|Data:Wikipedia statistics/data.tab]]</ref>
Initially, the project was created solely in English in July 2003; a later expansion to include additional [[language]]s was started in July 2004.<ref name="WikiStats">{{cite web | url=https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm | title=Wikibooks Statistics - Article count (official) | publisher=Wikimedia | access-date=28 January 2018 | archive-date=14 April 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414141656/https://stats.wikimedia.org/wikibooks/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, there are Wikibooks sites active for {{NUMBEROF|active|wikibooks}} languages<ref name="Sitematrix">[[Wikimedia]]'s [[MediaWiki]] [[:mw:API:Sitematrix|API:Sitematrix]]. Retrieved {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} from [[:c:Data:Wikipedia statistics/meta.tab|Data:Wikipedia statistics/meta.tab]]</ref> comprising a total of {{NUMBEROF|articles|totalactive.wikibooks|N}} articles and {{NUMBEROF|activeusers|totalactive.wikibooks|N}} recently active editors.<ref name="Siteinfo">[[Wikimedia]]'s [[MediaWiki]]  [[:mw:API:Siteinfo|API:Siteinfo]]. Retrieved {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} from [[:c:Data:Wikipedia statistics/data.tab|Data:Wikipedia statistics/data.tab]]</ref> At primary stages it was called ''Wikimedia Free Textbook Project'' and ''Wikimedia-Textbooks''.


== History ==
== History ==
The wikibooks.org domain was registered on July 19, 2003.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wikibooks.org Whois Record|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikibooks.org|publisher=DomainTools, LLC|access-date=22 January 2013|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123190604/https://whois.domaintools.com/wikibooks.org|url-status=live}}</ref> It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as [[organic chemistry]] and [[physics]], in response to a request by Wikipedia contributor Karl Wick.<ref>{{cite web|title=Talk:Science Hypertextbook project|work=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|date=June 23, 2003|accessdate=October 1, 2022|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PermanentLink/153077}}</ref><ref>{{cite mailing list|title=a spot for WP textbook devel|first=Karl|last=Wick|mailing-list=wikien-l@lists.wikimedia.org|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|date=June 17, 2003|accessdate=October 1, 2022|url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikien-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CYNWNQMHZTBDWXLJEGEARN3AAQAP2V4L/}}</ref> Two major sub-projects, Wikijunior and [[Wikiversity]], were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator-type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy.{{clarify|date=May 2022}}
The wikibooks.org domain was registered on July 19, 2003.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wikibooks.org Whois Record|url=http://whois.domaintools.com/wikibooks.org|publisher=DomainTools, LLC|access-date=22 January 2013|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123190604/https://whois.domaintools.com/wikibooks.org|url-status=live}}</ref> It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as [[organic chemistry]] and [[physics]], in response to a request by Wikipedia contributor Karl Wick.<ref>{{cite web|title=Talk:Science Hypertextbook project|work=Wikimedia Meta-Wiki|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|date=June 23, 2003|accessdate=October 1, 2022|url=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:PermanentLink/153077}}</ref><ref>{{cite mailing list|title=a spot for WP textbook devel|first=Karl|last=Wick|mailing-list=wikien-l@lists.wikimedia.org|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation|date=June 17, 2003|accessdate=October 1, 2022|url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikien-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CYNWNQMHZTBDWXLJEGEARN3AAQAP2V4L/}}</ref> Three major sub-projects, Wikijunior, Cookbook and [[Wikiversity]], were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator-type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy.{{clarify|date=May 2022}}


In August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/14633/wikipedia-now-serving-k-12-and-over|title=Wikipedia, now serving K-12 and over|date=2006-08-04|website=Mental Floss |language=en|access-date=2019-09-28|archive-date=2019-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928193247/http://mentalfloss.com/article/14633/wikipedia-now-serving-k-12-and-over|url-status=dead }}</ref>
In August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/14633/wikipedia-now-serving-k-12-and-over|title=Wikipedia, now serving K-12 and over|date=2006-08-04|website=Mental Floss |language=en|access-date=2019-09-28|archive-date=2019-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928193247/http://mentalfloss.com/article/14633/wikipedia-now-serving-k-12-and-over|url-status=dead }}</ref>
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== Book content ==
== Book content ==
[[File:Development of "Mathe für Nicht-Freaks" from Sep 2009 to June 2016.webm|thumb|Visualization of the development in the German Wikibook project [[b:de:Mathe für Nicht-Freaks|Mathe für Nicht-Freaks]]]]
[[File:Development of "Mathe für Nicht-Freaks" from Sep 2009 to June 2016.webm|thumb|Visualization of the development in the German Wikibook project [[b:de:Mathe für Nicht-Freaks|Mathe für Nicht-Freaks]]]]
While some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a [[Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike]] license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.
While some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a [[Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike]] license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.


[[File:Wikibooks structure.svg|thumb|How English Wikibooks is structured]]
[[File:Wikibooks structure.svg|thumb|How English Wikibooks is structured]]
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As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, there are Wikibooks sites for {{NUMBEROF|languages|wikibooks}} languages of which {{NUMBEROF|active|wikibooks}} are active and {{NUMBEROF|closed|wikibooks}} are closed.<ref name="Sitematrix" /> The active sites have {{NUMBEROF|articles|totalactive.wikibooks|N}} articles and the closed sites have {{NUMBEROF|articles|totalclosed.wikibooks|N}} articles.<ref name="Siteinfo" /> There are {{NUMBEROF|users|totalactive.wikibooks|N}} registered users of which {{NUMBEROF|activeusers|totalactive.wikibooks|N}} are recently active.<ref name="Siteinfo" />
As of {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}, there are Wikibooks sites for {{NUMBEROF|languages|wikibooks}} languages of which {{NUMBEROF|active|wikibooks}} are active and {{NUMBEROF|closed|wikibooks}} are closed.<ref name="Sitematrix" /> The active sites have {{NUMBEROF|articles|totalactive.wikibooks|N}} articles and the closed sites have {{NUMBEROF|articles|totalclosed.wikibooks|N}} articles.<ref name="Siteinfo" /> There are {{NUMBEROF|users|totalactive.wikibooks|N}} registered users of which {{NUMBEROF|activeusers|totalactive.wikibooks|N}} are recently active.<ref name="Siteinfo" />


The top ten Wikibooks language projects by mainspace article count:<ref name="Siteinfo" />
All of the Wikibooks language projects over 5,000 books by mainspace article count:<ref name="Siteinfo" />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
 
|-
# [[English language|English]]: 98,464 books
!No.!!Language!!Wiki!!Good!!Total!!Edits!!Admins!!Users!!Active users!!Files
# [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: 45,778 books
{{for nowiki|<!-- Caution: do not remove this linebreak -->
# [[German language|German]]: 33,728 books
|<nowiki>
# [[French language|French]]: 21,296 books
|-
# [[Italian language|Italian]]: 19,737 books
| {{{i}}}
# [[Japanese language|Japanese]]: 17,246 books
| {{Mw lang|{{Wikipedia rank by size|{{{i}}}|wikibooks}}}}
# [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: 13,972 books
| [[:b:{{Wikipedia rank by size|{{{i}}}|wikibooks}}:|{{Wikipedia rank by size|{{{i}}}|wikibooks}}]]
# [[Spanish language|Spanish]]: 9,722 books
| {{NUMBEROF|articles|{{Wikipedia rank by size|{{{i}}}|wikibooks}}.wikibooks|N}}
# [[Dutch language|Dutch]]: 9,138 books
| {{NUMBEROF|pages|{{Wikipedia rank by size|{{{i}}}|wikibooks}}.wikibooks|N}}
# [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]: 8,187 books
| {{NUMBEROF|edits|{{Wikipedia rank by size|{{{i}}}|wikibooks}}.wikibooks|N}}
# [[Polish language|Polish]]: 6,967 books
| {{NUMBEROF|admins|{{Wikipedia rank by size|{{{i}}}|wikibooks}}.wikibooks|N}}
# [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: 5,533 books
| {{NUMBEROF|users|{{Wikipedia rank by size|{{{i}}}|wikibooks}}.wikibooks|N}}
# [[Finnish language|Finnish]]: 5,051 books
| {{NUMBEROF|activeusers|{{Wikipedia rank by size|{{{i}}}|wikibooks}}.wikibooks|N}}
| {{NUMBEROF|files|{{Wikipedia rank by size|{{{i}}}|wikibooks}}.wikibooks|N}}</nowiki>|count=10 }}
|}
For a complete list with totals, see Wikimedia Statistics.<ref name="Wikimedia Statistics">{{cite web |url=http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikibooks#Statistics |title=Wikibooks Statistics |work=[[WP:Meta|Meta.Wikimedia.org]] |access-date=11 September 2020 |archive-date=13 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913025953/https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikibooks#Statistics |url-status=live }}</ref>


== Reception ==
== Reception ==
Meng-Fen et al suggested that while there isn't much social connection between contributors of wikibooks, the contributors had no major issues coordinating to write books.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Wikibooks and Wikibookians: Loosely Coupled Community or a Choice for Future Textbooks? |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5744067 |access-date=2024-03-14 |journal=IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies| date=October 2011 | volume=4 | issue=4 | pages=327–339 | doi=10.1109/TLT.2011.12 | last1=Lin | first1=Meng-Fen Grace | last2=Sajjapanroj | first2=Suthiporn | last3=Bonk | first3=Curtis J. | url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Meng-Fen et al suggested that while there isn't much social connection between contributors of Wikibooks, the contributors had no major issues coordinating to write books.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Wikibooks and Wikibookians: Loosely Coupled Community or a Choice for Future Textbooks? |journal=IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies| date=October 2011 | volume=4 | issue=4 | pages=327–339 | doi=10.1109/TLT.2011.12 | last1=Lin | first1=Meng-Fen Grace | last2=Sajjapanroj | first2=Suthiporn | last3=Bonk | first3=Curtis J. |bibcode=2011ITLT....4..327L }}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==

Latest revision as of 16:22, 30 December 2025

Template:Short description

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File:Wikibooks growth.png
Growth of the eight largest Wikibooks sites (by language), July 2003–January 2010

Wikibooks is a wiki-based Wikimedia project hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content digital textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit.

Initially, the project was created solely in English in July 2003; a later expansion to include additional languages was started in July 2004.[1] As of May 2026, there are Wikibooks sites active for Template:NUMBEROF languages[2] comprising a total of Template:NUMBEROF articles and Template:NUMBEROF recently active editors.[3] At primary stages it was called Wikimedia Free Textbook Project and Wikimedia-Textbooks.

History

The wikibooks.org domain was registered on July 19, 2003.[4] It was launched to host and build free textbooks on subjects such as organic chemistry and physics, in response to a request by Wikipedia contributor Karl Wick.[5][6] Three major sub-projects, Wikijunior, Cookbook and Wikiversity, were created within Wikibooks before its official policy was later changed so that future incubator-type projects are started according to the Wikimedia Foundation's new project policy.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

In August 2006, Wikiversity became an independent Wikimedia Foundation project.[7]

Since 2008, Wikibooks has been included in BASE.[8]

In June 2016, Compete.com estimated that Wikibooks had 1,478,812 unique visitors.[9]

Wikijunior

Wikijunior is a subproject of Wikibooks that specializes in books for children. The project consists of both a magazine and a website, and is currently being developed in English, Danish, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, Arabic and Bangla. It is funded by a grant from the Beck Foundation.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Book content

File:Development of "Mathe für Nicht-Freaks" from Sep 2009 to June 2016.webm
Visualization of the development in the German Wikibook project Mathe für Nicht-Freaks

While some books are original, others began as text copied over from other sources of free content textbooks found on the Internet. All of the site's content is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license (or a compatible license). This means that, as with its sister project, Wikipedia, contributions remain copyrighted to their creators, while the licensing ensures that it can be freely distributed and reused subject to certain conditions.

File:Wikibooks structure.svg
How English Wikibooks is structured

Wikibooks differs from Wikisource in that Wikisource collects exact copies and original translations of existing free content works, such as the original text of Shakespearean plays, while Wikibooks is dedicated either to original works, significantly altered versions of existing works, or annotations to original works.

Multilingual statistics

As of May 2026, there are Wikibooks sites for Template:NUMBEROF languages of which Template:NUMBEROF are active and Template:NUMBEROF are closed.[2] The active sites have Template:NUMBEROF articles and the closed sites have Template:NUMBEROF articles.[3] There are Template:NUMBEROF registered users of which Template:NUMBEROF are recently active.[3]

All of the Wikibooks language projects over 5,000 books by mainspace article count:[3]

  1. English: 98,464 books
  2. Hungarian: 45,778 books
  3. German: 33,728 books
  4. French: 21,296 books
  5. Italian: 19,737 books
  6. Japanese: 17,246 books
  7. Portuguese: 13,972 books
  8. Spanish: 9,722 books
  9. Dutch: 9,138 books
  10. Vietnamese: 8,187 books
  11. Polish: 6,967 books
  12. Indonesian: 5,533 books
  13. Finnish: 5,051 books

Reception

Meng-Fen et al suggested that while there isn't much social connection between contributors of Wikibooks, the contributors had no major issues coordinating to write books.[10]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Wikimedia's MediaWiki API:Sitematrix. Retrieved May 2026 from Data:Wikipedia statistics/meta.tab
  3. ↑ a b c d Wikimedia's MediaWiki API:Siteinfo. Retrieved May 2026 from Data:Wikipedia statistics/data.tab
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".

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Further reading

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links

Template:Sister project

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