Mastiff: Difference between revisions

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Does any major kennel club classify French bulldogs as mastiffs? RS needed here
 
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{{for|the English breed of dog|English Mastiff}}
{{for|the English breed of dog|English Mastiff}}
[[File:The dog book - a popular history of the dog, with practical information as to care and management of house, kennel, and exhibition dogs; and descriptions of all the important breeds (1906) (20800295488).jpg|thumb|260px|''The Mastiff'' by [[Philip Reinagle]], 1805]]
[[File:The dog book - a popular history of the dog, with practical information as to care and management of house, kennel, and exhibition dogs; and descriptions of all the important breeds (1906) (20800295488).jpg|thumb|260px|''The Mastiff'' by [[Philip Reinagle]], 1805]]
A '''mastiff''' is a large and powerful [[Dog type|type]] of [[dog]].{{sfn|Oxford Dictionaries|2019}}{{sfn|Young|Bannasch|2007|p=49}} Mastiffs are among the largest dogs, and typically have a short [[Coat (dog)|coat]], a long low-set tail and large feet; the skull is large and bulky, the muzzle broad and short ([[brachycephalic]]) and the ears drooping and pendant-shaped.{{sfn|Oxford Dictionaries|2019}}{{sfn|Young|Bannasch|2007|p=49}} European and Asian records dating back 3,000 years show dogs of the mastiff type.{{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica|2019}} Mastiffs have historically been [[guard dog]]s, protecting homes and property, although throughout history they have been used as [[hunting dog]]s, [[war dog]]s and for [[blood sport]]s, such as [[dog fighting|fighting each other]] and other animals, including [[bull]]s, [[bear]]s, and even [[lion]]s.{{sfn|Young|Bannasch|2007|p=49}}{{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica|2019}}
A '''mastiff''' is a large and powerful [[Dog type|type]] of [[dog]].{{sfn|Oxford Dictionaries|2019}}{{sfn|Young|Bannasch|2007|p=49}} Mastiffs are among the largest dogs, and typically have a short [[Coat (dog)|coat]], a long low-set tail and large feet; the skull is large and bulky, the muzzle broad and short ([[brachycephalic]]) and the ears drooping and pendant-shaped.{{sfn|Oxford Dictionaries|2019}}{{sfn|Young|Bannasch|2007|p=49}} European and Asian records dating back 3,000 years show dogs of the mastiff type.{{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica|2019}} Mastiffs have historically been [[guard dog]]s, protecting homes and property, although throughout history they have been used as [[hunting dog]]s, [[war dog]]s and for [[blood sport]]s, such as dog fighting, [[bull|bull-baiting]], [[bear|bear-baiting]], and even [[lion|lion-baiting]].{{sfn|Young|Bannasch|2007|p=49}}{{sfn|Encyclopædia Britannica|2019}}


==History==
==History==
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==List of mastiff breeds==
==List of mastiff breeds==
===Extant breeds===
===Extant breeds===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width: 250pt;" | Breed !! style="width: 250pt;" | Alternate name(s) !! style="width: 200pt;" | Country of origin  !! style="width: 350pt;" | Use !!  class="unsortable" | Image
|-
| [[Alano Español]] || {{ubl|Spanish Alano|Spanish Bulldog}} || [[Spain]] || [[Dogs in warfare|War dog]], [[bull-baiting]], [[big-game hunting]] || [[File:Spanishalanored2.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
!  style="width: 250pt;" | Breed !!  style="width: 250pt;" | Alternate name(s)  !!  style="width: 200pt;" | Country of origin  !!  style="width: 350pt;" | Use  !!  class="unsortable"|Image
| [[Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog]] || || [[United States]] || Guard dog || [[File:Alapaha Blue-Blood Bulldog.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Alano Español]] || {{ubl|Spanish Alano|Spanish Bulldog}} || Spain  ||  [[Dogs in warfare|War dog]], [[bull-baiting]], [[big-game hunting]]  || [[File:Spanishalanored2.jpg|150px]]
| [[American Bulldog]] || {{ubl|Old Southern White Bulldog|Old Southern White|English White Bulldog|White English|Hill Bulldog|Country Bulldog}} || [[United States]] || Guard dog, [[catch dog]], farm dog || [[File:BUCKEYE 2010 ANCHOR BULLY RASCALZ.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog]]  ||        ||  United States  ||  Guard dog  ||  [[File:Alapaha Blue-Blood Bulldog.jpg|150px]]
| [[Boerboel]] || South African Mastiff || [[South Africa]] || Guard dog || [[File:HuntHillBoerboelsGunston1.jpeg|150px]]
|-
| [[American Bulldog]]  ||  {{ubl|Old Southern White Bulldog|Old Southern White|English White Bulldog|White English|Hill Bulldog |Country Bulldog}}  ||  United States  ||  Guard dog|[[catch dog]], farm dog  ||  [[File:BUCKEYE 2010 ANCHOR BULLY RASCALZ.jpg|150px]]
|-
| [[Boerboel]] || South African Mastiff || South Africa || Guard dog || [[File:HuntHillBoerboelsGunston1.jpeg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Boxer (dog)|Boxer]] || {{ubl|German Boxer|Deutscher Boxer}} || Germany || Guard dog |big-game hunting || [[File:Male fawn Boxer undocked.jpg|150px]]
| [[Boxer (dog)|Boxer]] || {{ubl|German Boxer|Deutscher Boxer}} || [[Germany]] || Guard dog, big-game hunting || [[File:Male fawn Boxer undocked.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Broholmer]] || Danish Broholmer|Danish Mastiff || Denmark || Guard dog || [[File:Ivarr03.JPG|150px]]
| [[Broholmer]] || {{ubl|Danish Broholmer|Danish Mastiff}} || [[Denmark]] || Guard dog || [[File:Ivarr03.JPG|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Bulldog]] || {{ubl|English Bulldog |British Bulldog}} || United Kingdom (England) || Companion dog, formerly bull-baiting || [[File:Whitebulldog.jpg|150px]]
| [[Bulldog]] || {{ubl|English Bulldog|British Bulldog}} || [[United Kingdom]] ([[England]]) || Companion dog, formerly bull-baiting || [[File:Whitebulldog.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Bullmastiff]] || Gamekeeper's Night Dog || United Kingdom (England) || Guard dog || [[File:Bullmastiff edited.JPG|150px]]
| [[Bullmastiff]] || Gamekeeper's Night Dog || [[United Kingdom]] ([[England]]) || Guard dog || [[File:Bullmastiff edited.JPG|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Bully Kutta]] || {{ubl|Indian Mastiff|Pakistani Mastiff|Sindhi Mastiff|Indian Bully |Pakistani Bully}} || India and Pakistan || Guard dog, big-game hunting |dog fighting || [[File:PakistaniMastiffPunjab.jpg|150px]]
| [[Bully Kutta]] || {{ubl|Indian Mastiff|Pakistani Mastiff|Sindhi Mastiff|Indian Bully|Pakistani Bully}} || [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] || Guard dog, big-game hunting, dog fighting || [[File:PakistaniMastiffPunjab.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Campeiro Bulldog]] || {{ubl|Brazilian Bulldog|Countryside Bulldog |Pampas Bulldog}} || Brazil || Catch dog, butcher's dog || [[File:Buldogue Campeiro.jpg|150px]]
| [[Campeiro Bulldog]] || {{ubl|Brazilian Bulldog|Countryside Bulldog|Pampas Bulldog}} || [[Brazil]] || Catch dog, butcher's dog || [[File:Buldogue Campeiro.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Cane Corso]] || {{ubl|Italian Mastiff|Italian Corso Dog|Italian Corso|Cane Corso Italiano}} || Italy || Guard dog, catch dog || [[File:Viggo-Ears-n-Tail.png|150px]]
| [[Cane Corso]] || {{ubl|Italian Mastiff|Italian Corso Dog|Italian Corso|Cane Corso Italiano}} || [[Italy]] || Guard dog, catch dog || [[File:Viggo-Ears-n-Tail.png|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Saint Miguel Cattle Dog|Cão Fila de São Miguel]] || {{ubl|São Miguel Cattle Dog|Saint Miguel Cattle Dog|Azores Cattle Dog |Azores Cow Dog}} || Portugal || Cattle-herding dog, catch dog || [[File:Azores Cattle Dog.jpg|150px]]
| [[Saint Miguel Cattle Dog|Cão Fila de São Miguel]] || {{ubl|São Miguel Cattle Dog|Saint Miguel Cattle Dog|Azores Cattle Dog|Azores Cow Dog}} || [[Portugal]] || Cattle-herding dog, catch dog || [[File:Azores Cattle Dog.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Chongqing dog]] ||   || China || Guard dog || [[File:Chinese Chongqing Dog Rüde.jpg|150px]]
| [[Chongqing dog]] || || [[China]] || Guard dog || [[File:Chinese Chongqing Dog Rüde.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Cimarrón Uruguayo]] || {{ubl|Cimarrón|Uruguayan Cimarrón|Cimarrón Creole|Maroon Dog|Cerro Largo Dog|Perro Cimarrón|Cimarrón Dog|Uruguayan Gaucho Dog}} || Uruguay || Guard dog || [[File:Uruguayan Cimarron 1.jpg|150px]]
| [[Cimarrón Uruguayo]] || {{ubl|Cimarrón|Uruguayan Cimarrón|Cimarrón Creole|Maroon Dog|Cerro Largo Dog|Perro Cimarrón|Cimarrón Dog|Uruguayan Gaucho Dog}} || [[Uruguay]] || Guard dog || [[File:Uruguayan Cimarron 1.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Continental bulldog|Continental Bulldog]] || Swiss Bulldog || Switzerland || Companion dog || [[File:Pitsch-Dog.jpg|150px]]
| [[Continental Bulldog]] || Swiss Bulldog || [[Switzerland]] || Companion dog || [[File:Pitsch-Dog.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Dogo Argentino]] || {{ubl|Argentine Dogo|Argentine Mastiff}} || Argentina || Guard dog, big-game hunting, dog fighting || [[File:0Dogo-argentino-22122251920.jpg|150px]]
| [[Dogo Argentino]] || {{ubl|Argentine Dogo|Argentine Mastiff}} || [[Argentina]] || Guard dog, big-game hunting, dog fighting || [[File:0Dogo-argentino-22122251920.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| Dogo Guatemalteco || {{ubl|Guatemalan Dogo|Guatemalan Bull Terrier|Bullterrier Guatemalteco}} || Guatemala || Guard dog, formerly bull-baiting || [[File:Eggon Lasal.jpg|150px]]
| Dogo Guatemalteco || {{ubl|Guatemalan Dogo|Guatemalan Bull Terrier|Bullterrier Guatemalteco}} || [[Guatemala]] || Guard dog, formerly bull-baiting || [[File:Eggon Lasal.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Dogue Brasileiro]] ||     || Brazil || Guard dog || [[File:Doguebrasileiro.jpg|150px]]
| [[Dogue Brasileiro]] || || [[Brazil]] || Guard dog || [[File:Doguebrasileiro.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Dogue de Bordeaux]] || {{ubl|French Mastiff|Bordeaux Mastiff|Bordeaux dog}} || France || Guard dog || [[File:DJT 0086.jpg|150px]]
| [[Dogue de Bordeaux]] || {{ubl|French Mastiff|Bordeaux Mastiff|Bordeaux dog}} || [[France]] || Guard dog || [[File:DJT 0086.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[English Mastiff]] || {{ubl|Old English Mastiff|Mastiff}} || United Kingdom (England) || Guard dog || [[File:Westgort Anticipation 17 months.JPG|150px]]
| [[English Mastiff]] || {{ubl|Old English Mastiff|Mastiff}} || [[United Kingdom]] ([[England]]) || Guard dog || [[File:Westgort Anticipation 17 months.JPG|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Fila Brasileiro]] || {{ubl|Brazilian Mastiff|Cão de Fila Brasileiro}} || Brazil || Guard dog || [[File:Heroi Itanhandu.jpg|150px]]
| [[Fila Brasileiro]] || {{ubl|Brazilian Mastiff|Cão de Fila Brasileiro}} || [[Brazil]] || Guard dog || [[File:Heroi Itanhandu.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[French Bulldog]] || Bouledogue Français || France || [[Lap dog]] || [[File:Mi Gran Amigo El General.jpg|150px]]
| [[French Bulldog]] {{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}|| Bouledogue Français || [[France]] || [[Lap dog]] || [[File:Mi Gran Amigo El General.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Great Dane]] || {{ubl|Deutsche Dogge|German Mastiff|German Boarhound}} || Germany || Big-game hunting || [[File:Great Dane K02.jpg|150px]]
| [[Great Dane]] || {{ubl|Deutsche Dogge|German Mastiff|German Boarhound}} || [[Germany]] || Big-game hunting || [[File:Great Dane K02.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Kurdish Mastiff]] || {{ubl|Pishdar dog|Assyrian Shepherd}} || Iraq || Guard dog || [[File:سگ پژدر کرد.jpg|150px]]
| [[Kurdish Mastiff]] || {{ubl|Pishdar dog|Assyrian Shepherd}} || [[Iraq]] || Guard dog || [[File:سگ پژدر کرد.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Neapolitan Mastiff]] || Mastino Napoletano  || Italy  || Guard dog || [[File:Mastino Napoletano Rüde clp.JPG|150px]]
| [[Laizhou Hong]] || {{ubl|Laizhouhong Dog|Zhuqiao Hong|Shandong Hong|Sulian Hong|Shanhong Quan|Huxing Quan|Chuanhong Quan|Chinese Red Dog|Red dog of Laizhou}} || [[China]] || Companion dog, working dog, guard dog || [[File:Laizhoureddog6.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Olde English Bulldogge]] ||     || United States  ||  Modern-day re-creation of the extinct [[Old English Bulldog]] || [[File:UKC Olde English Bulldogge Male.jpg|150px]]
| [[Neapolitan Mastiff]] || Mastino Napoletano || [[Italy]] || Guard dog || [[File:Mastino Napoletano Rüde clp.JPG|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Perro de Presa Canario]] ||  {{ubl|Canary Mastiff|Canary Catch Dog|Presa Canario |Dogo Canario}}  || [[Canary Islands]] || Guard dog, catch dog  ||  [[File:Canario 0720.jpg|150px]]
| [[Olde English Bulldogge]] ||  || [[United States]] || Modern-day re-creation of the extinct [[Old English Bulldog]] || [[File:UKC Olde English Bulldogge Male.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Ca de Bou|Perro de Presa Mallorquin]] || {{ubl|Ca de Bou|Majorca Mastiff|Perro Dogo Mallorquin}} || Spain  || Bull-baiting  || [[File:Ca de bou dog.jpg|150px]]
| [[Perro de Presa Canario]] || {{ubl|Canary Mastiff|Canary Catch Dog|Presa Canario|Dogo Canario}} || [[Canary Islands]] || Guard dog, catch dog || [[File:Canario 0720.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Pyrenean Mastiff]] ||   || Spain || Guard dog  || [[File:MasPiri-Puma-FIN.jpg|150px]]
| [[Ca de Bou|Perro de Presa Mallorquin]] || {{ubl|Ca de Bou|Majorca Mastiff|Perro Dogo Mallorquin}} || [[Spain]] || Bull-baiting || [[File:Ca de bou dog.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Rottweiler]] ||   || Germany  || Guard dog || [[File:Rottweiler standing facing left.jpg|150px]]
| [[Pyrenean Mastiff]] || || [[Spain]] || Guard dog || [[File:MasPiri-Puma-FIN.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Serrano Bulldog]] || Buldogue Serrano || Brazil  || Herding dog, butcher's dog || [[File:Anuke.jpg|150px]]
| [[Rottweiler]] ||  || [[Germany]] || Guard dog || [[File:Rottweiler standing facing left.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Spanish Mastiff]] ||   || Spain  || Guard dog || [[File:Mastin español 02.jpg|150px]]
| [[Serrano Bulldog]] || Buldogue Serrano || [[Brazil]] || Herding dog, butcher's dog || [[File:Anuke.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Tosa (dog)|Tosa]] ||  {{ubl|Tosa Inu|Tosa Ken|Tosa Tōken|Japanese Mastiff|Japanese Tosa|Japanese Fighting Dog|Tosa Fighting Dog}}  ||  Japan  ||  Dog fighting  ||  [[File:BUKADAI 2.jpg|150px]]
| [[Spanish Mastiff]] ||  || [[Spain]] || Guard dog || [[File:Mastin español 02.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Tosa (dog)|Tosa]] || {{ubl|Tosa Inu|Tosa Ken|Tosa Tōken|Japanese Mastiff|Japanese Tosa|Japanese Fighting Dog|Tosa Fighting Dog}} || [[Japan]] || Dog fighting || [[File:BUKADAI 2.jpg|150px]]
|}
|}


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!  style="width: 250pt;" | Breed  !!    style="width: 250pt;" | Alternate name(s)  !!      style="width: 200pt;" | Country or region of origin  !!    style="width: 200pt;" |  Era  !!    style="width: 200pt;" |  Use    !!class="unsortable"|Image
!  style="width: 250pt;" | Breed  !!    style="width: 250pt;" | Alternate name(s)  !!      style="width: 200pt;" | Country or region of origin  !!    style="width: 200pt;" |  Era  !!    style="width: 200pt;" |  Use    !!class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|-
| [[Alaunt]] || Alaunt de Boucherie || Europe, [[Central Asia]] || {{ubl|[[Classical antiquity]]|the [[Middle Ages]]}} || Big-game hunting, guard dog, dog fighting || [[File:Jacopo del Sallaio.jpg|150px]]
| [[Alaunt]] || Alaunt de Boucherie || Europe, [[Central Asia]] || {{ubl|[[Classical antiquity]]|the [[Middle Ages]]}} || Big-game hunting, guard dog, dog fighting || [[File:Jacopo del Sallaio.jpg|150px]]
|-
| [[Bullenbeisser]]  ||  {{ubl|Bärenbeisser |German Bulldog}}  ||  Germany  ||  to [[World War II]]  ||  Bull-baiting (as Bullenbeisser), bear-baiting (as Bärenbeisser)  ||  [[File:Bullenbeiser.jpg|150px]]  
|-
|-
| [[Córdoba fighting dog]] || {{ubl|Córdoba dog|Córdobese dog |Perro de Pelea Cordobés}} || Argentina  || to the 1920s  || Dog fighting  || [[File:Patan.jpg|150px]]
| [[Bullenbeisser]] || {{ubl|Bärenbeisser|German Bulldog}} || Germany || to [[World War II]] || Bull-baiting (as Bullenbeisser), bear-baiting (as Bärenbeisser) || [[File:Bullenbeiser.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Dogo Cubano]] || {{ubl|Cuban Mastiff|Cuban Bloodhound|Cuban Dogo|Cuban Dogge}}   || Cuba  || 16th – late 19th C  || Recapturing [[Fugitive slaves in the United States|runaway slaves]], bull-baiting, dog fighting || [[File:DogoCubano2.jpg|150px]]
| [[Córdoba fighting dog]] || {{ubl|Córdoba dog|Córdobese dog|Perro de Pelea Cordobés}} || Argentina || to the 1920s || Dog fighting || [[File:Patan.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Terceira Mastiff|Fila da Terceira]] || {{ubl|Terceira Mastiff|Cão de Fila da Terceira |Rabo Torto}} || Portugal  || to the 1970s  ||  Catch dog || [[File:Fila de Terceira.jpg|150px]]
| [[Dogo Cubano]] || {{ubl|Cuban Mastiff|Cuban Bloodhound|Cuban Dogo|Cuban Dogge}} || Cuba || 16th – late 19th c. || Recapturing [[Fugitive slaves in the United States|runaway slaves]], bull-baiting, dog fighting || [[File:DogoCubano2.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Molossus (dog)|Molossus]] || {{ubl|Molossian Hound|Epirus Mastiff}} || [[Southern Europe]]  || Classical antiquity  || [[Dogs in warfare|War dog]], guard dog, big-game hunting, dog fighting  || [[File:Molossian Hound, British Museum.jpg|150px]]
| [[Terceira Mastiff|Fila da Terceira]] || {{ubl|Terceira Mastiff|Cão de Fila da Terceira|Rabo Torto}} || Portugal || to the 1970s || Catch dog || [[File:Fila de Terceira.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Old English Bulldog]] ||   || Great Britain and Ireland  || 17th–19th C  || Bull-baiting|dog fighting || [[File:CribandRosa1811.jpg|150px]]
| [[Molossus (dog)|Molossus]] || {{ubl|Molossian Hound|Epirus Mastiff}} || [[Southern Europe]] || Classical antiquity || [[Dogs in warfare|War dog]], guard dog, big-game hunting, dog fighting || [[File:Molossian Hound, British Museum.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Toy Bulldog]] ||  {{ubl|Miniature Bulldog |English Toy Bulldog}} || United Kingdom (England)  || 18th – early 20th C  || Lap dog || [[File:Toy Bulldog Little Knot 1903.jpg|150px]]
| [[Old English Bulldog]] ||  || Great Britain and Ireland || 17th–19th c. || Bull-baiting, dog fighting || [[File:CribandRosa1811.jpg|150px]]
|-
|-
| [[Toy Bulldog]] || {{ubl|Miniature Bulldog|English Toy Bulldog}} || United Kingdom (England) || 18th – early 20th c. || Lap dog || [[File:Toy Bulldog Little Knot 1903.jpg|150px]]
|}
|}


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* {{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Amy |last2=Bannasch |first2=Danika |editor1-last=Ostrander |editor1-first=Elaine A.  |editor2-last=Giger |editor2-first=Urs |editor3-last=Lindblad-Toh |editor3-first=Kerstin |title=The Dog and its Genome |location=Cold Spring Harbor, New York |publisher=Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press |date=2007 |pages=47–66 |chapter=Chapter 4: Morphological variation in the dog |isbn=9780879697815 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94k1mKRcYd0C}}
* {{cite book |last1=Young |first1=Amy |last2=Bannasch |first2=Danika |editor1-last=Ostrander |editor1-first=Elaine A.  |editor2-last=Giger |editor2-first=Urs |editor3-last=Lindblad-Toh |editor3-first=Kerstin |title=The Dog and its Genome |location=Cold Spring Harbor, New York |publisher=Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press |date=2007 |pages=47–66 |chapter=Chapter 4: Morphological variation in the dog |isbn=9780879697815 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94k1mKRcYd0C}}


{{Mastiffs}}
{{Domestic dog}}
{{Domestic dog}}
{{Mastiffs}}


[[Category:Mastiffs| ]]
[[Category:Mastiffs| ]]

Latest revision as of 05:51, 21 November 2025

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Script error: No such module "For".

File:The dog book - a popular history of the dog, with practical information as to care and management of house, kennel, and exhibition dogs; and descriptions of all the important breeds (1906) (20800295488).jpg
The Mastiff by Philip Reinagle, 1805

A mastiff is a large and powerful type of dog.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Mastiffs are among the largest dogs, and typically have a short coat, a long low-set tail and large feet; the skull is large and bulky, the muzzle broad and short (brachycephalic) and the ears drooping and pendant-shaped.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn European and Asian records dating back 3,000 years show dogs of the mastiff type.Template:Sfn Mastiffs have historically been guard dogs, protecting homes and property, although throughout history they have been used as hunting dogs, war dogs and for blood sports, such as dog fighting, bull-baiting, bear-baiting, and even lion-baiting.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

History

Historical and archaeological evidence suggests that mastiffs have long been distinct in both form and function from the similarly large livestock guardian dogs from which they were most likely developed;Template:Sfn they also form separate genetic populations.Template:Sfn The Fédération Cynologique Internationale and some kennel clubs group the two types together as molossoid dogs; some modern livestock guardian breeds, such as the Pyrenean Mastiff, the Spanish Mastiff and the Tibetan Mastiff, and an extinct draught dog called the Belgian Mastiff, have the word "mastiff" in their name, but are not considered true mastiffs.Template:Sfnp

Many older English sources refer to mastiffs as bandogs or bandogges, although technically the term "bandog" meant a dog that was tethered by a chain (or "bande") that would be released at night; the terms "mastiff" and "bandog" were often used interchangeably. One of the most famous "bandog" programs in England, led to the establishment of a recognized "bandog" breed known today as the Bull Mastiff. The least common "bandog" program in England was funded by Sir Nathanael Dieu-est-Mon'plaisir, the St. Louis Vincent Mastiff or South American Mastiff was named after Vincent Louis who reared plantation dogs originating from St. Louis and other parts of South America. This rare breed is the most expensive mastiff-type dog amongst the "bandog" breeds.Template:Sfnp In the twentieth century the term "bandog" was revived to describe some large fighting mastiff type dogs crossed with any bulldog in the United States.Template:Sfnp

List of mastiff breeds

Extant breeds

Breed Alternate name(s) Country of origin Use Image
Alano Español Template:Ubl Spain War dog, bull-baiting, big-game hunting File:Spanishalanored2.jpg
Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog United States Guard dog File:Alapaha Blue-Blood Bulldog.jpg
American Bulldog Template:Ubl United States Guard dog, catch dog, farm dog File:BUCKEYE 2010 ANCHOR BULLY RASCALZ.jpg
Boerboel South African Mastiff South Africa Guard dog File:HuntHillBoerboelsGunston1.jpeg
Boxer Template:Ubl Germany Guard dog, big-game hunting File:Male fawn Boxer undocked.jpg
Broholmer Template:Ubl Denmark Guard dog File:Ivarr03.JPG
Bulldog Template:Ubl United Kingdom (England) Companion dog, formerly bull-baiting File:Whitebulldog.jpg
Bullmastiff Gamekeeper's Night Dog United Kingdom (England) Guard dog File:Bullmastiff edited.JPG
Bully Kutta Template:Ubl India and Pakistan Guard dog, big-game hunting, dog fighting File:PakistaniMastiffPunjab.jpg
Campeiro Bulldog Template:Ubl Brazil Catch dog, butcher's dog File:Buldogue Campeiro.jpg
Cane Corso Template:Ubl Italy Guard dog, catch dog File:Viggo-Ears-n-Tail.png
Cão Fila de São Miguel Template:Ubl Portugal Cattle-herding dog, catch dog File:Azores Cattle Dog.jpg
Chongqing dog China Guard dog File:Chinese Chongqing Dog Rüde.jpg
Cimarrón Uruguayo Template:Ubl Uruguay Guard dog File:Uruguayan Cimarron 1.jpg
Continental Bulldog Swiss Bulldog Switzerland Companion dog File:Pitsch-Dog.jpg
Dogo Argentino Template:Ubl Argentina Guard dog, big-game hunting, dog fighting File:0Dogo-argentino-22122251920.jpg
Dogo Guatemalteco Template:Ubl Guatemala Guard dog, formerly bull-baiting File:Eggon Lasal.jpg
Dogue Brasileiro Brazil Guard dog File:Doguebrasileiro.jpg
Dogue de Bordeaux Template:Ubl France Guard dog File:DJT 0086.jpg
English Mastiff Template:Ubl United Kingdom (England) Guard dog File:Westgort Anticipation 17 months.JPG
Fila Brasileiro Template:Ubl Brazil Guard dog File:Heroi Itanhandu.jpg
French Bulldog Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Bouledogue Français France Lap dog File:Mi Gran Amigo El General.jpg
Great Dane Template:Ubl Germany Big-game hunting File:Great Dane K02.jpg
Kurdish Mastiff Template:Ubl Iraq Guard dog File:سگ پژدر کرد.jpg
Laizhou Hong Template:Ubl China Companion dog, working dog, guard dog File:Laizhoureddog6.jpg
Neapolitan Mastiff Mastino Napoletano Italy Guard dog File:Mastino Napoletano Rüde clp.JPG
Olde English Bulldogge United States Modern-day re-creation of the extinct Old English Bulldog File:UKC Olde English Bulldogge Male.jpg
Perro de Presa Canario Template:Ubl Canary Islands Guard dog, catch dog File:Canario 0720.jpg
Perro de Presa Mallorquin Template:Ubl Spain Bull-baiting File:Ca de bou dog.jpg
Pyrenean Mastiff Spain Guard dog File:MasPiri-Puma-FIN.jpg
Rottweiler Germany Guard dog File:Rottweiler standing facing left.jpg
Serrano Bulldog Buldogue Serrano Brazil Herding dog, butcher's dog File:Anuke.jpg
Spanish Mastiff Spain Guard dog File:Mastin español 02.jpg
Tosa Template:Ubl Japan Dog fighting File:BUKADAI 2.jpg

Extinct breeds

Breed Alternate name(s) Country or region of origin Era Use Image
Alaunt Alaunt de Boucherie Europe, Central Asia Template:Ubl Big-game hunting, guard dog, dog fighting File:Jacopo del Sallaio.jpg
Bullenbeisser Template:Ubl Germany to World War II Bull-baiting (as Bullenbeisser), bear-baiting (as Bärenbeisser) File:Bullenbeiser.jpg
Córdoba fighting dog Template:Ubl Argentina to the 1920s Dog fighting File:Patan.jpg
Dogo Cubano Template:Ubl Cuba 16th – late 19th c. Recapturing runaway slaves, bull-baiting, dog fighting File:DogoCubano2.jpg
Fila da Terceira Template:Ubl Portugal to the 1970s Catch dog File:Fila de Terceira.jpg
Molossus Template:Ubl Southern Europe Classical antiquity War dog, guard dog, big-game hunting, dog fighting File:Molossian Hound, British Museum.jpg
Old English Bulldog Great Britain and Ireland 17th–19th c. Bull-baiting, dog fighting File:CribandRosa1811.jpg
Toy Bulldog Template:Ubl United Kingdom (England) 18th – early 20th c. Lap dog File:Toy Bulldog Little Knot 1903.jpg

References

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Bibliography

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