Daqing: Difference between revisions
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China|County-level divisions]] | | subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China|County-level divisions]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 = 9 | | subdivision_name2 = 9 | ||
| seat_type = | | seat_type = Municipal seat | ||
| seat = | | seat = [[Sartu District]] | ||
| government_type = [[Prefecture-level city]] | | government_type = [[Prefecture-level city]] | ||
| leader_title = [[Communist Party of China|CPC]] Daqing Secretary | | leader_title = [[Communist Party of China|CPC]] Daqing Secretary | ||
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'''Daqing''' ({{zh|c=|p=Dàqìng|t=大慶|s=大庆}}) is a [[prefecture-level city]] in the west of [[Heilongjiang]] province, [[People's Republic of China]]. The name literally means "Great Celebration" and refers to the tenth anniversary of the PRC.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hou |first=Li |title=Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State |date=2021 |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |isbn=978-0-674-26022-1 |edition= |series=[[Harvard-Yenching Institute]] monograph series |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|page=2}} Daqing is known as the "Oil Capital of China" and has experienced a phenomenal boom since oil was discovered at the [[Daqing Oil Field]] in 1959.<ref name=1959discover>{{cite web |script-title=zh:1959年发现大庆油田：中国结束油荒历史 |url=http://gov.163.com/14/0916/15/A69B0GIF00234KKK.html |work=Netease |access-date=17 July 2015 |language=zh |date=16 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210050209/http://gov.163.com/14/0916/15/A69B0GIF00234KKK.html |archive-date=10 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | '''Daqing''' ({{zh|c=|p=Dàqìng|t=大慶|s=大庆}}) is a [[prefecture-level city]] in the west of [[Heilongjiang]] province, [[People's Republic of China]]. The name literally means "Great Celebration" and refers to the tenth anniversary of the PRC.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hou |first=Li |title=Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State |date=2021 |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |isbn=978-0-674-26022-1 |edition= |series=[[Harvard-Yenching Institute]] monograph series |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|page=2}} Daqing is known as the "Oil Capital of China" and has experienced a phenomenal boom since oil was discovered at the [[Daqing Oil Field]] in 1959.<ref name=1959discover>{{cite web |script-title=zh:1959年发现大庆油田：中国结束油荒历史 |url=http://gov.163.com/14/0916/15/A69B0GIF00234KKK.html |work=Netease |access-date=17 July 2015 |language=zh |date=16 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210050209/http://gov.163.com/14/0916/15/A69B0GIF00234KKK.html |archive-date=10 December 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
Its population was 2,781,562 as of the [[2020 Chinese census|2020 census]], of whom 1,574,389 lived in the built-up (or metro) area in four out of the total of five urban districts: [[Sartu]], [[Longfeng District|Longfeng]], [[Ranghulu]] and [[Honggang]]. | Its population was 2,781,562 as of the [[2020 Chinese census|2020 census]], of whom 1,574,389 lived in the built-up (or metro) area in four out of the total of five urban districts: [[Sartu]], [[Longfeng District|Longfeng]], [[Ranghulu]] and [[Honggang]].According to the [[Sampling (statistics)|sample survey]] of 5‰ population changes in 2024, the resident population of the city at the end of the year was 2.663 million, a decrease of 37,000 compared with the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 1.996 million and the rural population is 667,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=(黑龙江省)2024年大庆市国民经济和社会发展统计公报-红黑统计公报库 |url=https://tjgb.hongheiku.com/djs/65984.html |access-date=2025-11-25 |website=tjgb.hongheiku.com}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The region now known as Daqing Prefecture was a reasonably insignificant place until the [[Qing dynasty]], known only as an unsettled hunting ground of [[Dörbet Oirat]] tribes due to its wetland and prairies. The region began to grow slightly after the [[Russian Empire]] constructed the [[Chinese Eastern Railway]] (KVZhD) through the area in 1898.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:滨州铁路简介|url=http://www.hclx.net/Item/43563.aspx|script-website=zh:火车旅行网|access-date=17 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130221222702/http://www.hclx.net/Item/43563.aspx|archive-date=21 February 2013}}</ref> The railway has a station at Sartu in today's [[Sartu District]]. It was not until 1959 that oil was discovered in the region as part of the large scale oil exploration put into motion across the [[Northeast China Plain]].<ref name=1959discover/> | The region now known as Daqing Prefecture was a reasonably insignificant place until the [[Qing dynasty]], known only as an unsettled hunting ground of [[Dörbet Oirat]] tribes due to its wetland and prairies. The region began to grow slightly after the [[Russian Empire]] constructed the [[Chinese Eastern Railway]] (KVZhD) through the area in 1898.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:滨州铁路简介|url=http://www.hclx.net/Item/43563.aspx|script-website=zh:火车旅行网|access-date=17 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130221222702/http://www.hclx.net/Item/43563.aspx|archive-date=21 February 2013}}</ref> The railway has a station at Sartu in today's [[Sartu District]]. It was not until 1959 that oil was discovered in the region as part of the large scale oil exploration put into motion across the [[Northeast China Plain]].<ref name=1959discover/> | ||
The Daqing oilfield was discovered in the late 1950s, and drilling began in 1958. A town with the same name was founded in 1959 to house workers extracting oil and gas from the oilfield and to host industries which could take advantage of the energy and petrochemicals, shortly before the 10th anniversary of the founding of the PRC. The | The Daqing oilfield was discovered in the late 1950s, and drilling began in 1958. A town with the same name was founded in 1959 to house workers extracting oil and gas from the oilfield and to host industries which could take advantage of the energy and petrochemicals, shortly before the 10th anniversary of the founding of the PRC. The oilfield and the town had the same administrative body until 1983.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Lin |first=Zhongjie |title=Constructing Utopias: China's New Town Movement in the 21st Century |date=2025 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-779330-5 |location=New York, NY}}</ref>{{Reference page|pages=|page=52}} | ||
The successful construction of the Daqing oil field despite harsh weather conditions and supply limitations became a model held up by the Party as an example during subsequent industrialization campaigns.<ref name=":032">{{Cite book |last=Meyskens |first=Covell F. |url= |title=Mao's Third Front: The Militarization of Cold War China |date=2020 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-108-78478-8 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |doi=10.1017/9781108784788 |oclc=1145096137 |s2cid=218936313}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=52-54}} The project also delivered critical economic benefits because without the production of the Daqing oil field, crude oil would have been severely limited after the Soviet Union cut off supplies as a result of the Sino-Soviet split.<ref name=":032" />{{Rp|page=53}} | |||
Original plans for Daqing included the development of a "new socialist mining district" (rather than a city) with families in which the husband would work in industry and the wife would work in agriculture.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Harrell |first=Stevan |title=An Ecological History of Modern China |publisher=[[University of Washington Press]] |year=2023 |isbn=9780295751719 |location=Seattle}}</ref>{{Rp|page=313}} Ultimately, the city expanded incrementally with clusters forming around developing refineries and oil wells.<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=52}} All settlements used a single-story mud technique called scientific gandalei, with multistory brick buildings being introduced in the late 1960s.<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=53}} | |||
The first two years of the [[Cultural Revolution]] resulted in major disruptions to [[Petroleum industry in China|China's petroleum industry]] and an oil shortage by 1967.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=159}} In March of that year, the [[People's Liberation Army]] was called to Daqing to maintain order so that oil production could proceed.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=159}} This made Daqing one of the first places brought under military control during the Cultural Revolution.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=159}} In May 1968, the Daqing [[Revolutionary committee (China)|Revolutionary Committee]] was established.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=159}} Iron Man [[Wang Jinxi]] became its vice director.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|pages=159-160}} The oil field continued to be a major driver of economic growth during the | The name Daqing literally means "Great Celebration".<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=52}} On 26 May 1960, Anda City was established at former Anda town (today's [[Anda City]] in [[Suihua]] prefecture), administering Daqing oilfield area. Five months later, the administrative organs of the oilfield relocated in Sartu. On 23 June 1964, the city was established Anda special administrative region, with Anda county administering its surrounding area. | ||
The first two years of the [[Cultural Revolution]] resulted in major disruptions to [[Petroleum industry in China|China's petroleum industry]] and an oil shortage by 1967.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=159}} In March of that year, the [[People's Liberation Army]] was called to Daqing to maintain order so that oil production could proceed.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=159}} This made Daqing one of the first places brought under military control during the Cultural Revolution.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=159}} In May 1968, the Daqing [[Revolutionary committee (China)|Revolutionary Committee]] was established.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=159}} Iron Man [[Wang Jinxi]] became its vice director.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|pages=159-160}} The oil field continued to be a major driver of economic growth during the Cultural Revolution period.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=160}} | |||
In the mid-1970s, Daqing was administratively organised into three large towns (about 50,000 people each) along the major railway, 60 industrial-agricultural villages (about 10,000 people each), and 164 "residential points" around the villages.<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|pages=53-54}} | |||
The Daqing Oil District became a city in 1980.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=200}} Its first master plan set a goal of growing Daqing into "a new industrial city" through a development strategy of "relative dispersion with several modest concentrations.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=200}} Academic Hou Li summarizes that as a result "new settlements became much more concentrated. The three existing towns, thirty-four central villages, and 260 settlement points were restructured into six workers' towns, twenty-four central villages, and twenty-seven resident villages."<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=200}} | The Daqing Oil District became a city in 1980.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=200}} Its first master plan set a goal of growing Daqing into "a new industrial city" through a development strategy of "relative dispersion with several modest concentrations.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=200}} Academic Hou Li summarizes that as a result "new settlements became much more concentrated. The three existing towns, thirty-four central villages, and 260 settlement points were restructured into six workers' towns, twenty-four central villages, and twenty-seven resident villages."<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=200}} | ||
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In 1990, the city received the top recognition in the Heilongjiang Province Science and Technology Awards.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=200}} In 1994, its population reached one million.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=200}} After the mid-1990s, urban expansion in Saertu was halted in order to provide more space for oil production.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=1}} Urban construction was instead transferred to East Town and West Town areas.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=1}} | In 1990, the city received the top recognition in the Heilongjiang Province Science and Technology Awards.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=200}} In 1994, its population reached one million.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=200}} After the mid-1990s, urban expansion in Saertu was halted in order to provide more space for oil production.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=1}} Urban construction was instead transferred to East Town and West Town areas.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=1}} | ||
Daqing has been advocated as a model of good practice in industry<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=52}} and healthcare by the Chinese government. | |||
===Learn from Daqing in industry=== | ===Learn from Daqing in industry=== | ||
The fact that [[Mao Zedong]] promulgated his [[Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung|Supreme Directive]], ''Learn from Daqing in Industry'', in the 1960s reflects how important a role Daqing has historically played in industry in China.<ref name="The Industry Learns From Daqing">{{cite web |work= Chineseposters.net|title=The Industry Learns From Daqing...|url=http://chineseposters.net/posters/e12-604.php|access-date=April 30, 2011}}</ref> ''Learn from Daqing in industry'' ({{Zh|s=[[wiktionary:工|工]][[wiktionary:业|业]][[wiktionary:学|学]][[wiktionary:大|大]][[wiktionary:庆|庆]]|p=gōngyè xué dàqìng}}) was a [[slogan]] during the [[Cultural Revolution]] telling the people to use the city as an example for industrial production.<ref name="The Industry Learns From Daqing"/><ref>[[Jonathan Spence|Spence]]'s ''[[The Search for Modern China]]''. 2nd Edition, pages: 563, 564, 605, 606, 619</ref> | The fact that [[Mao Zedong]] promulgated his [[Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung|Supreme Directive]], ''Learn from Daqing in Industry'', in the 1960s reflects how important a role Daqing has historically played in industry in China.<ref name="The Industry Learns From Daqing">{{cite web |work= Chineseposters.net|title=The Industry Learns From Daqing...|url=http://chineseposters.net/posters/e12-604.php|access-date=April 30, 2011}}</ref> ''Learn from Daqing in industry'' ({{Zh|s=[[wiktionary:工|工]][[wiktionary:业|业]][[wiktionary:学|学]][[wiktionary:大|大]][[wiktionary:庆|庆]]|p=gōngyè xué dàqìng}}) was a [[slogan]] during the [[Cultural Revolution]] telling the people to use the city as an example for industrial production.<ref name="The Industry Learns From Daqing"/><ref>[[Jonathan Spence|Spence]]'s ''[[The Search for Modern China]]''. 2nd Edition, pages: 563, 564, 605, 606, 619</ref> | ||
Daqing was promoted as a model communist industrial city.<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=54}} Daqing's development had resulted in an integration of rural and urban and community self-sufficiency.<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=53}} Premier [[Zhou Enlai]] summarized its achievements with the phrase, "Integration of workers and peasants, integration of urban and rural areas, good for production, and convenient for livelihood."<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=55}} Equality was achieved through distribution of resources, public land management, standardised housing, and communal work.<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=54}} Men worked in the oil fields and received state salaries and pensions. Women and older children worked in agricultural production and supplied food for the community.<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=53}} As mechanisation of agriculture increased over time, small factories were established.<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=53}} Students participated in production, either through agriculture or work-studfy in factories.<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=53}} Services like public canteens, medical clinics, nurseries, and schools were collectively run.<ref name=":2" />{{Reference page|page=53}} | |||
The film ''[[Entrepreneurial Pioneers]]'' ({{lang|zh-hans|创业}}), made in the early 1970s, is a literary rendition of the history of Daqing. During the Mao era, Daqing's agricultural counterpart was [[Dazhai, Xiyang County|Dazhai]], a village in the hilly [[Xiyang]] county, [[Shanxi]] Province, for which Chairman Mao issued the directive ''[[Learn from Dazhai in agriculture|In agriculture, learn from Dazhai]]'', also in the 1960s.<ref name="Spence">Spence's "The Search for Modern China" 2nd Edition, p.562</ref> | The film ''[[Entrepreneurial Pioneers]]'' ({{lang|zh-hans|创业}}), made in the early 1970s, is a literary rendition of the history of Daqing. During the Mao era, Daqing's agricultural counterpart was [[Dazhai, Xiyang County|Dazhai]], a village in the hilly [[Xiyang]] county, [[Shanxi]] Province, for which Chairman Mao issued the directive ''[[Learn from Dazhai in agriculture|In agriculture, learn from Dazhai]]'', also in the 1960s.<ref name="Spence">Spence's "The Search for Modern China" 2nd Edition, p.562</ref> | ||
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==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
Daqing has a population of 2.9 million, | Daqing has a population of 2.9 million, mainly [[Han Chinese]], with a small population of 31 minority ethnic groups, including [[Manchu]], [[Mongols|Mongolian]], [[Koreans|Korean]], and [[Hui people|Hui]] nationalities. The population density is 112.69/km<sup>2</sup>, in urban{{Clarify|date=November 2025}} areas 205.07/km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=Census2010>{{cite web |script-title=zh:2010年大庆市第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报 |url=http://www.daqing.gov.cn/zwdt/qszwxx/177859.shtml |publisher=Government of Daqing |access-date=17 July 2015 |language=zh |date=9 May 2011 |archive-date=19 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619220120/http://www.daqing.gov.cn/zwdt/qszwxx/177859.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
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===Airport=== | ===Airport=== | ||
{{Main|Daqing Sartu Airport}} | {{Main|Daqing Sartu Airport}} | ||
Daqing Sartu Airport was opened on 1 September 2009.<ref name="people">{{cite web |url=http://unn.people.com.cn/GB/14748/9967938.html |script-title=zh:大庆萨尔图机场正式通航 |website=People.com.cn |language=zh-cn |access-date=2012-07-26 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001357/http://unn.people.com.cn/GB/14748/9967938.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are flights to several large cities including Beijing, [[Chengdu]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Hangzhou]], [[Qingdao]] and [[Shanghai]]. | Daqing Sartu Airport was opened on 1 September 2009.<ref name="people">{{cite web |url=http://unn.people.com.cn/GB/14748/9967938.html |script-title=zh:大庆萨尔图机场正式通航 |website=People.com.cn |language=zh-cn |access-date=2012-07-26 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001357/http://unn.people.com.cn/GB/14748/9967938.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are flights to several large cities including Beijing, [[Chengdu]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Hangzhou]], [[Qingdao]] and [[Shanghai]]. | ||
Latest revision as of 00:07, 25 November 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Script error: No such module "other uses". Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator.
Script error: No such module "infobox". Daqing (Template:Zh) is a prefecture-level city in the west of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China. The name literally means "Great Celebration" and refers to the tenth anniversary of the PRC.[1]Template:Rp Daqing is known as the "Oil Capital of China" and has experienced a phenomenal boom since oil was discovered at the Daqing Oil Field in 1959.[2]
Its population was 2,781,562 as of the 2020 census, of whom 1,574,389 lived in the built-up (or metro) area in four out of the total of five urban districts: Sartu, Longfeng, Ranghulu and Honggang.According to the sample survey of 5‰ population changes in 2024, the resident population of the city at the end of the year was 2.663 million, a decrease of 37,000 compared with the end of the previous year. Among them, the urban population is 1.996 million and the rural population is 667,000.[3]
History
The region now known as Daqing Prefecture was a reasonably insignificant place until the Qing dynasty, known only as an unsettled hunting ground of Dörbet Oirat tribes due to its wetland and prairies. The region began to grow slightly after the Russian Empire constructed the Chinese Eastern Railway (KVZhD) through the area in 1898.[4] The railway has a station at Sartu in today's Sartu District. It was not until 1959 that oil was discovered in the region as part of the large scale oil exploration put into motion across the Northeast China Plain.[2]
The Daqing oilfield was discovered in the late 1950s, and drilling began in 1958. A town with the same name was founded in 1959 to house workers extracting oil and gas from the oilfield and to host industries which could take advantage of the energy and petrochemicals, shortly before the 10th anniversary of the founding of the PRC. The oilfield and the town had the same administrative body until 1983.[5]Template:R/superscript
The successful construction of the Daqing oil field despite harsh weather conditions and supply limitations became a model held up by the Party as an example during subsequent industrialization campaigns.[6]Template:Rp The project also delivered critical economic benefits because without the production of the Daqing oil field, crude oil would have been severely limited after the Soviet Union cut off supplies as a result of the Sino-Soviet split.[6]Template:Rp
Original plans for Daqing included the development of a "new socialist mining district" (rather than a city) with families in which the husband would work in industry and the wife would work in agriculture.[7]Template:Rp Ultimately, the city expanded incrementally with clusters forming around developing refineries and oil wells.[5]Template:R/superscript All settlements used a single-story mud technique called scientific gandalei, with multistory brick buildings being introduced in the late 1960s.[5]Template:R/superscript
The name Daqing literally means "Great Celebration".[5]Template:R/superscript On 26 May 1960, Anda City was established at former Anda town (today's Anda City in Suihua prefecture), administering Daqing oilfield area. Five months later, the administrative organs of the oilfield relocated in Sartu. On 23 June 1964, the city was established Anda special administrative region, with Anda county administering its surrounding area.
The first two years of the Cultural Revolution resulted in major disruptions to China's petroleum industry and an oil shortage by 1967.[1]Template:Rp In March of that year, the People's Liberation Army was called to Daqing to maintain order so that oil production could proceed.[1]Template:Rp This made Daqing one of the first places brought under military control during the Cultural Revolution.[1]Template:Rp In May 1968, the Daqing Revolutionary Committee was established.[1]Template:Rp Iron Man Wang Jinxi became its vice director.[1]Template:Rp The oil field continued to be a major driver of economic growth during the Cultural Revolution period.[1]Template:Rp
In the mid-1970s, Daqing was administratively organised into three large towns (about 50,000 people each) along the major railway, 60 industrial-agricultural villages (about 10,000 people each), and 164 "residential points" around the villages.[5]Template:R/superscript
The Daqing Oil District became a city in 1980.[1]Template:Rp Its first master plan set a goal of growing Daqing into "a new industrial city" through a development strategy of "relative dispersion with several modest concentrations.[1]Template:Rp Academic Hou Li summarizes that as a result "new settlements became much more concentrated. The three existing towns, thirty-four central villages, and 260 settlement points were restructured into six workers' towns, twenty-four central villages, and twenty-seven resident villages."[1]Template:Rp
The city revised its master plan in 1989, setting a new goal of building an oil city centered in Saertu, Dongfeng, and Longfeng.[1]Template:Rp This plan shifted Daqing's urban planning focus away from decentralization to centralization.[1]Template:Rp
In 1990, the city received the top recognition in the Heilongjiang Province Science and Technology Awards.[1]Template:Rp In 1994, its population reached one million.[1]Template:Rp After the mid-1990s, urban expansion in Saertu was halted in order to provide more space for oil production.[1]Template:Rp Urban construction was instead transferred to East Town and West Town areas.[1]Template:Rp
Daqing has been advocated as a model of good practice in industry[5]Template:R/superscript and healthcare by the Chinese government.
Learn from Daqing in industry
The fact that Mao Zedong promulgated his Supreme Directive, Learn from Daqing in Industry, in the 1960s reflects how important a role Daqing has historically played in industry in China.[8] Learn from Daqing in industry (Template:Zh) was a slogan during the Cultural Revolution telling the people to use the city as an example for industrial production.[8][9]
Daqing was promoted as a model communist industrial city.[5]Template:R/superscript Daqing's development had resulted in an integration of rural and urban and community self-sufficiency.[5]Template:R/superscript Premier Zhou Enlai summarized its achievements with the phrase, "Integration of workers and peasants, integration of urban and rural areas, good for production, and convenient for livelihood."[5]Template:R/superscript Equality was achieved through distribution of resources, public land management, standardised housing, and communal work.[5]Template:R/superscript Men worked in the oil fields and received state salaries and pensions. Women and older children worked in agricultural production and supplied food for the community.[5]Template:R/superscript As mechanisation of agriculture increased over time, small factories were established.[5]Template:R/superscript Students participated in production, either through agriculture or work-studfy in factories.[5]Template:R/superscript Services like public canteens, medical clinics, nurseries, and schools were collectively run.[5]Template:R/superscript
The film Entrepreneurial Pioneers (Script error: No such module "Lang".), made in the early 1970s, is a literary rendition of the history of Daqing. During the Mao era, Daqing's agricultural counterpart was Dazhai, a village in the hilly Xiyang county, Shanxi Province, for which Chairman Mao issued the directive In agriculture, learn from Dazhai, also in the 1960s.[10]
Administrative divisions
Daqing is divided into 9 county-level divisions: 5 districts, 3 counties and 1 autonomous county.
| Map | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census) |
Area (km2) |
Density (/km2) |
| Sartu District | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Sà'ěrtú Qū | 328,808 | 549 | 599 |
| Longfeng District | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Lóngfèng Qū | 352,404 | 510 | 691 |
| Ranghulu District | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Rànghúlù Qū | 564,534 | 1,394 | 405 |
| Datong District | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Dàtóng Qū | 234,557 | 2,235 | 105 |
| Honggang District | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Hónggǎng Qū | 169,522 | 812 | 209 |
| Zhaozhou County | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Zhàozhōu Xiàn | 387,463 | 2,445 | 158 |
| Zhaoyuan County | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Zhàoyuán Xiàn | 388,828 | 4,198 | 93 |
| Lindian County | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Líndiàn Xiàn | 244,578 | 3,591 | 68 |
| Dorbod Mongol Autonomous County | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Dù'ěrbótè Měnggǔzú Zìzhìxiàn | 233,838 | 6,427 | 36 |
Climate
Located in the north temperate zone, Daqing has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa) and is affected by the Siberian high and the East Asian monsoon. Generally, winter is bitterly cold with occasional snowfalls, and spring and autumn are prevailed by monsoons. The vast majority of the annual rainfall occurs during summer. The diurnal temperature variation can be up to Script error: No such module "convert". during the growing period. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from Script error: No such module "convert". in January to Script error: No such module "convert". in July, and the annual mean is Script error: No such module "convert".. A majority of the annual precipitation falls in July and August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 53% in July to 70% in February, the city receives 2,726 hours of bright sunshine annually. Extreme temperature ranges from Script error: No such module "convert". to Script error: No such module "convert".
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Demographics
Daqing has a population of 2.9 million, mainly Han Chinese, with a small population of 31 minority ethnic groups, including Manchu, Mongolian, Korean, and Hui nationalities. The population density is 112.69/km2, in urbanScript error: No such module "Unsubst". areas 205.07/km2.[11]
Economy
Daqing's economy highly depends on petroleum and related industries. Daqing's oilfield is China's largest and the world's fourth most productive. Petroleum accounts for 60.8% of GDP. In 2011, Daqing's gross domestic product (GDP) was RMB374 billion yuan, representing a rise of 12.1% year on year. Primary industries output (including agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and the fisheries) increased by 13.5% to RMB13.29 billion. Secondary and value-added industries and construction output experienced an increase of 10.1%, reaching RMB307 billion, while the tertiary industry output increased 22.9% to RMB53.74 billion.[12] In 2015 Daqing had a GDP of RMB 298.35 billion.[13]
Foreign trade
Daqing exports over 10 million tons of crude oil each year. Over 160 varieties of paraffin wax, ethylene, tar oil and benzene are exported to more than 10 nations and regions including the US, the UK, Thailand and Hong Kong.
In 2011, total import and export volume in Daqing reached US$2.16 billion, up by 40.1%.[12] Export volume was US$550 million and import volume was US$1.61 billion. Daqing's main exports include six categories of petrochemical products, construction materials, processed foodstuffs, office furniture and mechanical and electronic equipment.[14]
Banking and insurance
There were 32 banking institutions in Daqing by the end of 2006; none were foreign-invested banks.[14] In 2011, savings deposits in Renminbi and foreign exchange totaled 170.5 billion RMB.[12] The local finance sector plays an important role in building up Daqing's Century Oilfield and in developing new industries.
The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Agricultural Bank, China Construction Bank, Bank of China, China Communications Bank, the Everbright Bank, Guangdong Development Bank, the Daqing Urban Commercial Bank, Daqing Rural Credit Cooperative Union and the County Urban Credit Cooperative are the major banks serving Daqing.
Transportation
Railway
Daqing is a major railway hub in western Heilongjiang province and is located on the junction of Harbin-Manzhouli Railway and Tongliao-Ranghulu Railway. Daqing has three major railway stations: Daqing station, Daqing West station (formerly Ranghulu railway station) and Daqing East station. Trains from Daqing connect the city with Beijing, Harbin, Dalian and several other cities in China. The newly built Harbin–Qiqihar Intercity Railway has stops at both Daqing West station and Daqing East station.
Airport
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Daqing Sartu Airport was opened on 1 September 2009.[15] There are flights to several large cities including Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Qingdao and Shanghai.
Highway
Daqing is linked to the national highway network through the G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway and G10 Suifenhe-Manzhouli Expressway.
Culture
Daqing spirit
Generated by the history of the city, Daqing has a culture centering around the "Daqing Spirit, the Daqing People," which is said to represent deep personal commitment in pursuing national goals, self-sufficient and frugal living, and urban-rural integrated land use.[1]Template:Rp Daqing's urban-rural landscape was said to embody the ideal communist society described by Karl Marx because it eliminated (1) the gap between town and country, (2) the gap between workers and peasants, and (3) the gap between manual and mental labor.[1]Template:Rp
"Daqing Spirit, Daqing People" was the title of an April 20, 1964 article in People's Daily which extolled the success of Daqing oil field workers.[1]Template:Rp The most influential of many articles praising Daqing that appeared in state media around that time, "Daqing Spirit, Daqing People" was the first text to compare Daqing to Yan'an, the revolutionary base area where the Communist Party re-grouped following the Long March before going on to win the Chinese Civil War.[1]Template:Rp
Wang Jinxi (Template:Zh, known as "Iron Man" Wang), a petroleum worker on the Daqing Oilfield who led No. 1205 drilling team, was honored as a national hero due to his contributions to the petroleum industry of China. Daqing was established by the central government as a model for the secondary industry during the 1960s. In order to illuminate the entrepreneurial history of Daqing and its people, several films were made by companies in China.[16]
In 1964, chief director of the Central Experimental Theater Sun Weishi and her husband, the actor Jin Shan, traveled to Daqing to live and work with the oil workers and their families.[1]Template:Rp The next year, the Communist Party journal Red Flag published an article by Sun which praised the Daqing people.[1]Template:Rp After living in Daqing for two years, Sun Weishi returned to Beijing to produce the play The Rising Sun, which was based on the experiences of people in Daqing, particularly Daqing women.[1]Template:Rp
Sports
The most popular sport in Daqing is association football. The largest sports venue by capacity is the 32,000-capacity Daqing Olympic Park Stadium. The city also has an indoor speed skating arena.
Sister Cities
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Domestic
International
- Template:Flagdeco East London, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Template:Flagdeco Calgary, Alberta, Canada[17]
- Template:Flagdeco Tyumen, Tyumen Oblast, Russia
- Template:Flagdeco Chungju, North Chungcheong, South Korea
See also
References
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- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Spence's The Search for Modern China. 2nd Edition, pages: 563, 564, 605, 606, 619
- ↑ Spence's "The Search for Modern China" 2nd Edition, p.562
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- ↑ Profiles of China Provinces, Cities and Industrial Parks
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External links
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