Livvi-Karelian language: Difference between revisions
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| ethnicity = Olonets Karelians | | ethnicity = Olonets Karelians | ||
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{{Infobox ethnonym|root=|people=[[Karelians]]|language=[[Karelian language|Karelian]];<br /> | {{Infobox ethnonym|root=|people=[[Karelians]]|language=[[Karelian language|Karelian]];<br />Livvi-Karelian|country=[[Karelia]]}}'''Livvi-Karelian'''<ref name=ethnologue16LK>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=olo |title=Livvi-Karelian |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=28 May 2011}}</ref> (Alternate names: ''Liygi'', ''Livvi'', ''Livvikovian'', ''Olonets'', ''Southern Olonetsian'', ''Karelian''; {{langx|ru|ливвиковское наречие|translit=livvikovskoye narechiye}})<ref name=ethnologue16LK/><ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages |last=Moseley |first=Christopher |year=2007 |publisher=Psychology Press |page=263 |isbn=9780203645659 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6LoNl7ZRO70C&pg=PA263 }}</ref> is a [[supradialect]] of [[Karelian language|Karelian]], which is a [[Finnic languages|Finnic language]] of the [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] family,<ref name=ethnologue16>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.org/show_family.asp?subid=1110-16 |title=Language Family Trees, Uralic, Finnic |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=28 May 2011}}</ref> spoken by '''Olonets Karelians''' (self-appellation '''{{lang|olo|livvi}}''', '''{{lang|olo|livgilaizet}}'''), traditionally inhabiting the area between [[Lake Ladoga|Ladoga]] and [[Lake Onega|Onega]] lakes, northward of [[Svir River]]. [[File:Livvi-Karelian language and VepKar corpus by Tatiana Boiko.ogv|thumb|thumbtime=02:43|Tatiana Boiko speaks about the Livvi-Karelian dialect of the Karelian language and the [http://dictorpus.krc.karelia.ru/en VepKar corpus], with subtitles in English. [[Karelian Research Centre of RAS|KarRC RAS]], 2018.]]The name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited, [[Olonets Krai]], named after the town of [[Olonets]], named after the [[Olonka River]]. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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Before [[World War II]], Livvi-Karelian was spoken both in [[Russia]] and in [[Finland]], in the easternmost part of [[Finnish Karelia]]. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to the [[USSR]] after the war, the Finnish Livvi-Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Livvi-Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Livvi-Karelian remains a community language are found in Russia. | Before [[World War II]], Livvi-Karelian was spoken both in [[Russia]] and in [[Finland]], in the easternmost part of [[Finnish Karelia]]. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to the [[USSR]] after the war, the Finnish Livvi-Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Livvi-Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Livvi-Karelian remains a community language are found in Russia. | ||
Speakers of Livvi-Karelian may be found mainly in [[Olonetsky District|Olonetsky]], [[Pryazhinsky District|Pryazhinsky]], [[Pitkyarantsky District|Pitkyarantsky]], and partly [[Suoyarvsky District|Suoyarvsky]] districts of the [[Republic of Karelia]].<ref>[http://livviki.karelia.ru/language/ "Karelian Language"], at the website about livvic culture</ref> Livvi-Karelian long remained relatively uninfluenced by the [[Russian language]] despite the large influx of [[Russians]] following the founding of | Speakers of Livvi-Karelian may be found mainly in [[Olonetsky District|Olonetsky]], [[Pryazhinsky District|Pryazhinsky]], [[Pitkyarantsky District|Pitkyarantsky]], and partly [[Suoyarvsky District|Suoyarvsky]] districts of the [[Republic of Karelia]].<ref>[http://livviki.karelia.ru/language/ "Karelian Language"], at the website about livvic culture</ref> Livvi-Karelian long remained relatively uninfluenced by the [[Russian language]] despite the large influx of [[Russians]] following the [[History of Saint Petersburg|founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703]].{{citation needed|date=September 2020}} | ||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
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== Alphabet == | == Alphabet == | ||
Livvi-Karelian uses the [[Latin alphabet]] and has the following letters in its [[alphabet]], which is called the [[Karelian alphabet]]: Aa, Bb, Cc, [[Č | Livvi-Karelian uses the [[Latin alphabet]] and has the following letters in its [[alphabet]], which is called the [[Karelian alphabet]]: Aa, Bb, Cc, [[Č]]č, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, [[Š]]š, Zz, [[Ž]]ž, Tt, Uu, Vv, Yy, [[Ä]]ä, [[Ö]]ö.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pyöli |first=Raija |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=elg7jwEACAAJ |title=Livvinkarjalan kielioppi |date=2011 |publisher=Karjalan Kielen Seura |isbn=978-952-5790-25-2 |language=fi}}</ref> | ||
Until 2007, the [[Ü|ü letter]] was a part of the Livvi-Karelian alphabet, which has been recommended by the Karelian language board to be instead be changed to the y letter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kirjaimikkuo suurendetah |url=http://www.omamua.rkperiodika.ru/issues/2014/numero_1/kirjaimikkuo_suurendetah/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924053601/http://www.omamua.rkperiodika.ru/issues/2014/numero_1/kirjaimikkuo_suurendetah/ |archive-date=2014-09-24 |access-date=2024-01-06}}</ref> | Until 2007, the [[Ü|ü letter]] was a part of the Livvi-Karelian alphabet, which has been recommended by the Karelian language board to be instead be changed to the y letter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kirjaimikkuo suurendetah |url=http://www.omamua.rkperiodika.ru/issues/2014/numero_1/kirjaimikkuo_suurendetah/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924053601/http://www.omamua.rkperiodika.ru/issues/2014/numero_1/kirjaimikkuo_suurendetah/ |archive-date=2014-09-24 |access-date=2024-01-06}}</ref> | ||
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Olonets Karelian Language}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Olonets Karelian Language}} | ||
[[Category:Karelian language]] | [[Category:Karelian language]] | ||
[[Category:Indigenous languages of European Russia]] | [[Category:Indigenous languages of European Russia]] | ||
[[Category:Indigenous languages of Europe]] | [[Category:Indigenous languages of Europe]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:57, 6 June 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Use dmy dates Template:Expand Finnish Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other
Template:Infobox ethnonymLivvi-Karelian[1] (Alternate names: Liygi, Livvi, Livvikovian, Olonets, Southern Olonetsian, Karelian; Template:Langx)[1][2] is a supradialect of Karelian, which is a Finnic language of the Uralic family,[3] spoken by Olonets Karelians (self-appellation Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang".), traditionally inhabiting the area between Ladoga and Onega lakes, northward of Svir River.
The name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited, Olonets Krai, named after the town of Olonets, named after the Olonka River.
History
Before World War II, Livvi-Karelian was spoken both in Russia and in Finland, in the easternmost part of Finnish Karelia. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to the USSR after the war, the Finnish Livvi-Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Livvi-Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Livvi-Karelian remains a community language are found in Russia.
Speakers of Livvi-Karelian may be found mainly in Olonetsky, Pryazhinsky, Pitkyarantsky, and partly Suoyarvsky districts of the Republic of Karelia.[4] Livvi-Karelian long remained relatively uninfluenced by the Russian language despite the large influx of Russians following the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rnd. | urnd. | rnd. | urnd. | |
| Close | Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". Script error: No such module "IPA". | |
| Mid | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | |
| Open | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||
| voiced | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||
| voiced | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | (Script error: No such module "IPA".) | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | (Script error: No such module "IPA".) | Script error: No such module "IPA". | |
| voiced | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | |||||
| Nasal | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | (Script error: No such module "IPA".) | ||||
| Approximant | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||
| Rhotic | Script error: No such module "IPA". | ||||||
- Consonants may also occur as geminated or long Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- Sounds Script error: No such module "IPA". are commonly heard from Russian loanwords.
- Script error: No such module "IPA". can have allophones of Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- Script error: No such module "IPA". is heard as Script error: No such module "IPA". when preceding Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- Palatalization Script error: No such module "IPA". may occur among different dialects when consonants are preceding vowels Script error: No such module "IPA"..[5]
Alphabet
Livvi-Karelian uses the Latin alphabet and has the following letters in its alphabet, which is called the Karelian alphabet: Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Zz, Žž, Tt, Uu, Vv, Yy, Ää, Öö.[6]
Until 2007, the ü letter was a part of the Livvi-Karelian alphabet, which has been recommended by the Karelian language board to be instead be changed to the y letter.[7]
Grammar
Livvi-Karelian and its grammatical cases are quite similar to the Finnish language and other related Finnic languages.
The word 'food' in Livvi-Karelian cases:[8]
| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| gen. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| par. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ine. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ill. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ela. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ade. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| abe. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| all. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| abl. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ess. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| tra. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| com. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| prol. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| term. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| approx. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| acc. | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
Common phrases
Hello! - Script error: No such module "Lang".
How are you? - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Good night! - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Good afternoon! - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Do you speak Karelian? - Script error: No such module "Lang".
I'm sorry. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
You're welcome. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
I love you. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Goodbye. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
My name is ... - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Excuse me. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Help! - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Cheers! - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Right. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Left. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Yes. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
No.. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
One. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Two. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Three. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Four. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
Five. - Script error: No such module "Lang".
See also
References
External links
- Template:Commons category-inline
- Oma Mua – a weekly newspaper in Olonets Karelian Template:Webarchive
- Livvi language resources at Giellatekno
Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ "Karelian Language", at the website about livvic culture
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".