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| range_map_caption = Native ''Felis'' range | | range_map_caption = Native ''Felis'' range | ||
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'''''Felis''''' is a [[genus]] of small and medium-sized cat [[species]] native to most of [[Africa]] and south of 60° [[latitude]] in [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] to [[Indochina]]. The genus includes the [[domestic cat]]. The smallest of the seven | '''''Felis''''' is a [[genus]] of small and medium-sized cat [[species]] native to most of [[Africa]] and south of 60° [[latitude]] in [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] to [[Indochina]]. The genus includes the [[domestic cat]]. The smallest of the seven ''Felis'' species is the [[black-footed cat]] with a head and body length from {{cvt|38|to|42|cm}}. The largest is the [[jungle cat]] with a head and body length from {{cvt|62|to|76|cm}}.<ref name=Pocock1951>{{cite book |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1951 |title=Catalogue of the genus ''Felis'' |publisher=British Museum of Natural History |location=London |url=https://archive.org/stream/catalogueofgenus00brit#page/n6/mode/1up}}</ref> | ||
Genetic studies indicate that the [[Felinae]] genera ''Felis'', ''[[Pallas's cat|Otocolobus]]'' and ''[[Prionailurus]]'' diverged from a Eurasian progenitor of the [[Felidae]] about 6.2 | Genetic studies indicate that the [[Felinae]] genera ''Felis'', ''[[Pallas's cat|Otocolobus]]'' and ''[[Prionailurus]]'' diverged from a Eurasian progenitor of the [[Felidae]] about {{ma|6.2}}, and that ''Felis'' species split off 3.04 to 0.99 million years ago.<ref name=Johnson_al2006>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1122277 |volume=311 |issue=5757 |pages=73–77 |title=The Late Miocene Radiation of Modern Felidae: A Genetic Assessment |journal=Science |year=2006 |pmid=16400146 |last1=Johnson |first1=W. E. |last2=Eizirik |first2=E. |last3=Pecon-Slattery |first3=J. |last4=Murphy |first4=W. J. |last5=Antunes |first5=A. |last6=Teeling |first6=E. |last7=O'Brien |first7=S. J. |bibcode=2006Sci...311...73J |s2cid=41672825 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1230866}}</ref><ref name=Pecon-Slattery>{{cite journal |last1=Pecon-Slattery |first1= J. |last2=O'Brien |first2=S. J. |date=1998 |title=Patterns of Y and X chromosome DNA sequence divergence during the Felidae radiation |journal=Genetics |volume=148 |issue=3 |pages=1245–1255 |doi=10.1093/genetics/148.3.1245 |pmid=9539439 |pmc=1460026}}</ref> | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
|[[Domestic cat]] (''F. catus'') {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}<ref name=Linnaeus/> | |[[Domestic cat]] (''F. catus'') {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}<ref name=Linnaeus/> | ||
|[[File:Jammlich crop.jpg|frameless]] | |[[File:Jammlich crop.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|{{IUCN status|NE}}<br /> Worldwide in association with humans or [[feral]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals |last=Clutton-Brock |first=J. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1999 |isbn= | |{{IUCN status|NE}}<br /> Worldwide in association with humans or [[feral]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals |last=Clutton-Brock |first=J. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-63495-3 |edition=2nd |pages=133–140 |chapter=Cats |oclc=39786571 |orig-date=1987 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=cgL-EbbB8a0C&pg=PA133}}</ref> | ||
|- style="vertical-align: top; | |- style="vertical-align: top; | ||
||[[European wildcat]] (''F. silvestris'') {{small|[[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1777}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schreber |first=J. C. D. |date=1778 |chapter=Die wilde Kaze |trans-chapter=The Wild Cat |pages=397–402 |title=Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen (Dritter Theil) |publisher=Expedition des Schreber'schen Säugthier- und des Esper'schen Schmetterlingswerkes |location=Erlangen |chapter-url= http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/schreber1875textbd3/0095?page_query=397&navmode=struct&action=pagesearch&sid=cc4bffe3d0372c2d2c5c1ddb03aed21d}}</ref> | ||[[European wildcat]] (''F. silvestris'') {{small|[[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber|Schreber]], 1777}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Schreber |first=J. C. D. |date=1778 |chapter=Die wilde Kaze |trans-chapter=The Wild Cat |pages=397–402 |title=Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen (Dritter Theil) |publisher=Expedition des Schreber'schen Säugthier- und des Esper'schen Schmetterlingswerkes |location=Erlangen |chapter-url= http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/schreber1875textbd3/0095?page_query=397&navmode=struct&action=pagesearch&sid=cc4bffe3d0372c2d2c5c1ddb03aed21d}}</ref> | ||
diverged {{font color|#882277|1.62 to 0.59 Mya}}<br /> | diverged {{font color|#882277|1.62 to 0.59 Mya}}<br /> | ||
|[[File:European_Wildcat_Nationalpark_Bayerischer_Wald_03.jpg|frameless]] | |[[File:European_Wildcat_Nationalpark_Bayerischer_Wald_03.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|{{IUCN status|LC|3847}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Felis silvestris'' |last1=Yamaguchi |first1=N. |last2=Kitchener |first2=A. |last3=Driscoll |first3=C. |last4=Nussberger |first4=B. | | |{{IUCN status|LC|3847}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Felis silvestris'' |last1=Yamaguchi |first1=N. |last2=Kitchener |first2=A. |last3=Driscoll |first3=C. |last4=Nussberger |first4=B. |article-number=e.T60354712A50652361 |date=2015 |access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref> | ||
[[File:EuropeanWildcat_distribution.jpg|frameless]] | [[File:EuropeanWildcat_distribution.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align: top; | |- style="vertical-align: top; | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
diverged {{font color|#882277|4.88 to 2.41 Mya}}<br /> | diverged {{font color|#882277|4.88 to 2.41 Mya}}<br /> | ||
|[[File:Jungle_Cat_Felis_chaus_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe_DSCN7957_(3).jpg|frameless]] | |[[File:Jungle_Cat_Felis_chaus_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe_DSCN7957_(3).jpg|frameless]] | ||
|{{IUCN status|LC|3847}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Felis chaus'' |last1=Gray |first1=T. N. E. |last2=Timmins |first2=R. J. |last3=Jathana |first3=D. |last4=Duckworth |first4=J. W. |last5=Baral |first5=H. |last6=Mukherjee |first6=S. | | |{{IUCN status|LC|3847}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Felis chaus'' |last1=Gray |first1=T. N. E. |last2=Timmins |first2=R. J. |last3=Jathana |first3=D. |last4=Duckworth |first4=J. W. |last5=Baral |first5=H. |last6=Mukherjee |first6=S. |article-number=e.T8540A50651463 |date=2016}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Distribution_of_Jungle_Cat.jpg|frameless]] | [[File:Distribution_of_Jungle_Cat.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align: top; | |- style="vertical-align: top; | ||
|[[African wildcat]] (''F. lybica'') {{small|[[Georg Forster|Forster]], 1780}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Forster |first1=G. R. |year=1780 |title=Herrn von Büffons Naturgeschichte der vierfüssigen Thiere. Mit Vermehrungen, aus dem Französischen übersetzt. Sechster Band |trans-title=Mr. von | |[[African wildcat]] (''F. lybica'') {{small|[[Georg Forster|Forster]], 1780}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Forster |first1=G. R. |year=1780 |title=Herrn von Büffons Naturgeschichte der vierfüssigen Thiere. Mit Vermehrungen, aus dem Französischen übersetzt. Sechster Band |trans-title=Mr. von Büffon's Natural History of Quadrupeds. With additions, translated from French. Volume 6 |location=Berlin |publisher=Joachim Pauli |chapter=LIII. Der Karakal |pages=299–319 |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=qohRAAAAYAAJ&pg=SL26-PA13}}</ref> | ||
diverged {{font color|#882277|1.86 to 0.72 Mya}}<br /> | diverged {{font color|#882277|1.86 to 0.72 Mya}}<br /> | ||
|[[File:Parc des Felins Chat de Gordoni 28082013 2.jpg|frameless]] | |[[File:Parc des Felins Chat de Gordoni 28082013 2.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|{{IUCN status|LC|3847|}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Felis lybica'' |last1=Ghoddousi |first1=A. |last2=Belbachir |first2=F. |last3=Durant |first3=S. M. |last4=Herbst |first4=M. |last5=Rosen |first5=T. | | |{{IUCN status|LC|3847|}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Felis lybica'' |last1=Ghoddousi |first1=A. |last2=Belbachir |first2=F. |last3=Durant |first3=S. M. |last4=Herbst |first4=M. |last5=Rosen |first5=T. |article-number=e.T131299383A154907281 |date=2022}}</ref> | ||
[[File:AfricanWildcat_distribution.jpg|frameless]] | [[File:AfricanWildcat_distribution.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align: top; | |- style="vertical-align: top; | ||
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diverged {{font color|#882277|4.44 to 2.16 Mya}}<br /> | diverged {{font color|#882277|4.44 to 2.16 Mya}}<br /> | ||
|[[File:Blackfooted2.jpg|frameless]] | |[[File:Blackfooted2.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|{{IUCN status|VU|136603}}<ref>{{cite iucn ||title=''Felis nigripes'' |last1=Sliwa |first1=A. |last2=Wilson |first2=B. |last3=Küsters |first3=M. |last4=Tordiffe |first4=A. | | |{{IUCN status|VU|136603}}<ref>{{cite iucn ||title=''Felis nigripes'' |last1=Sliwa |first1=A. |last2=Wilson |first2=B. |last3=Küsters |first3=M. |last4=Tordiffe |first4=A. |article-number=e.T8542A50652196 |date=2016}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Black-footedCat distribution.jpg|frameless]] | [[File:Black-footedCat distribution.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align: top; | |- style="vertical-align: top; | ||
| Line 61: | Line 61: | ||
diverged {{font color|#882277|3.67 to 1.72 Mya}}<br /> | diverged {{font color|#882277|3.67 to 1.72 Mya}}<br /> | ||
|[[File:Persian_sand_CAT.jpg|frameless]] | |[[File:Persian_sand_CAT.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|{{IUCN status|LC|3847}}<ref>{{Cite iucn |title=''Felis margarita'' |last1=Sliwa |first1=A. |last2=Ghadirian |first2=T. |last3=Appel |first3=A. |last4=Banfield |first4=L. |last5=Sher Shah |first5=M. |last6=Wacher |first6=T. | | |{{IUCN status|LC|3847}}<ref>{{Cite iucn |title=''Felis margarita'' |last1=Sliwa |first1=A. |last2=Ghadirian |first2=T. |last3=Appel |first3=A. |last4=Banfield |first4=L. |last5=Sher Shah |first5=M. |last6=Wacher |first6=T. |article-number=e.T8541A50651884 |date=2016 |access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref> | ||
[[File:SandCat_distribution.jpg|frameless]] | [[File:SandCat_distribution.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|- style="vertical-align: top; | |- style="vertical-align: top; | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
diverged {{font color|#882277|1.86 to 0.72 Mya}}<br /> | diverged {{font color|#882277|1.86 to 0.72 Mya}}<br /> | ||
|[[File:Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis Bieti) in XiNing Wild Zoo croped.jpg|frameless]] | |[[File:Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis Bieti) in XiNing Wild Zoo croped.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|{{IUCN status|VU|136603}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Felis bieti'' |last1=Riordan |first1=P. |last2=Sanderson |first2=J. |last3=Bao |first3=W. |last4=Abdukadir |first4=A. |last5=Shi |first5=K. | | |{{IUCN status|VU|136603}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Felis bieti'' |last1=Riordan |first1=P. |last2=Sanderson |first2=J. |last3=Bao |first3=W. |last4=Abdukadir |first4=A. |last5=Shi |first5=K. |article-number=e.T8539A50651398 |date=2015 |access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref> | ||
[[File:ChineseMountainCat_distribution.jpg|frameless]] | [[File:ChineseMountainCat_distribution.jpg|frameless]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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The [[Kellas cat]] is a hybrid between domestic cat and European wildcat occurring in [[Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kitchener |first1=C. |last2=Easterbee |first2=N. |date=1992 |title=The taxonomic status of black wild felids in Scotland |journal=Journal of Zoology |volume=227 |issue=2 |pages=342−346 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb04832.x}}</ref> | The [[Kellas cat]] is a hybrid between domestic cat and European wildcat occurring in [[Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kitchener |first1=C. |last2=Easterbee |first2=N. |date=1992 |title=The taxonomic status of black wild felids in Scotland |journal=Journal of Zoology |volume=227 |issue=2 |pages=342−346 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb04832.x}}</ref> | ||
The [[Corsican wildcat]] is considered to have been introduced to Corsica before the beginning of the 1st millennium.<ref name=Vigne1992>{{cite journal |last1=Vigne |first1=J.-D. |title=Zooarchaeology and the biogeographical history of the mammals of Corsica and Sardinia since the last ice age |date=1992 |journal=Mammal Review |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=87–96 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x}}</ref><ref name=CatSG2017>{{cite journal |last1=Kitchener |first1=A. C. |last2=Breitenmoser-Würsten |first2=C. |last3=Eizirik |first3=E. |last4=Gentry |first4=A. |last5=Werdelin |first5=L. |last6=Wilting |first6=A. |last7=Yamaguchi |first7=N. |last8=Abramov |first8=A. V. |last9=Christiansen |first9=P. |last10=Driscoll |first10=C. |last11=Duckworth |first11=J. W. |last12=Johnson |first12=W. |last13=Luo |first13=S.-J. |last14=Meijaard |first14=E. |last15= | The [[Corsican wildcat]] is considered to have been introduced to Corsica before the beginning of the 1st millennium.<ref name=Vigne1992>{{cite journal |last1=Vigne |first1=J.-D. |title=Zooarchaeology and the biogeographical history of the mammals of Corsica and Sardinia since the last ice age |date=1992 |journal=Mammal Review |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=87–96 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x}}</ref><ref name=CatSG2017>{{cite journal |last1=Kitchener |first1=A. C. |last2=Breitenmoser-Würsten |first2=C. |last3=Eizirik |first3=E. |last4=Gentry |first4=A. |last5=Werdelin |first5=L. |last6=Wilting |first6=A. |last7=Yamaguchi |first7=N. |last8=Abramov |first8=A. V. |last9=Christiansen |first9=P. |last10=Driscoll |first10=C. |last11=Duckworth |first11=J. W. |last12=Johnson |first12=W. |last13=Luo |first13=S.-J. |last14=Meijaard |first14=E. |last15=O'Donoghue |first15=P. |last16=Sanderson |first16=J. |last17=Seymour |first17=K. |last18=Bruford |first18=M. |last19=Groves |first19=C. |last20=Hoffmann |first20=M. |last21=Nowell |first21=K. |last22=Timmons |first22=Z. |last23=Tobe |first23=S. |date=2017 |title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group |journal=Cat News |volume=Special Issue 11 |pages=17−20 |url= https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref> A genetic study of a dozen individuals showed that they are closely related to the African wildcat originating in the Middle East.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.livescience.com/65744-cat-fox-new-species.html |title=Meet the Cat-Fox, an Oddball Feline Roaming Around a French Island |last=Saplakoglu |first=Y. |date=2019 |website=Live Science |access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Messinian first appearances]] | [[Category:Messinian first appearances]] | ||
[[Category:Extant Miocene first appearances]] | [[Category:Extant Miocene first appearances]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]] | ||
[[Category:Felines]] | [[Category:Felines]] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:32, 8 December 2025
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Template:Use DMY dates Template:Automatic taxobox Felis is a genus of small and medium-sized cat species native to most of Africa and south of 60° latitude in Europe and Asia to Indochina. The genus includes the domestic cat. The smallest of the seven Felis species is the black-footed cat with a head and body length from Template:Cvt. The largest is the jungle cat with a head and body length from Template:Cvt.[1]
Genetic studies indicate that the Felinae genera Felis, Otocolobus and Prionailurus diverged from a Eurasian progenitor of the Felidae about 6.2 million years ago, and that Felis species split off 3.04 to 0.99 million years ago.[2][3]
Etymology
The generic name Felis is derived from Classical Latin Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning 'cat, ferret'.[4]
Taxonomy
Carl Linnaeus considered Felis to comprise all cat species known until 1758.[5] Later taxonomists split the cat family into different genera. In 1917, the British zoologist Reginald Innes Pocock revised the genus Felis as comprising only the ones listed in the following table.[1] Estimated genetic divergence times of the listed species are indicated in million years ago (Mya), based on analysis of autosomal, xDNA, yDNA and mtDNA gene segments.[2]
| Species | Image | IUCN Red List status and distribution |
|---|---|---|
| Domestic cat (F. catus) Linnaeus, 1758Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[5] | File:Jammlich crop.jpg | Template:IUCN status Worldwide in association with humans or feral[6] |
| European wildcat (F. silvestris) Schreber, 1777Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[7]
diverged 1.62 to 0.59 Mya |
File:European Wildcat Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald 03.jpg | Template:IUCN status[8] |
| Jungle cat (F. chaus) Schreber, 1777Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[9]
diverged 4.88 to 2.41 Mya |
File:Jungle Cat Felis chaus by Dr. Raju Kasambe DSCN7957 (3).jpg | Template:IUCN status[10] |
| African wildcat (F. lybica) Forster, 1780Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11]
diverged 1.86 to 0.72 Mya |
File:Parc des Felins Chat de Gordoni 28082013 2.jpg | Template:IUCN status[12] |
| Black-footed cat (F. nigripes) Burchell, 1824Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[13]
diverged 4.44 to 2.16 Mya |
File:Blackfooted2.jpg | Template:IUCN status[14] |
| Sand cat (F. margarita) Loche, 1858Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[15]
diverged 3.67 to 1.72 Mya |
File:Persian sand CAT.jpg | Template:IUCN status[16] |
| Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti) Milne-Edwards, 1892Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[17]
diverged 1.86 to 0.72 Mya |
File:Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis Bieti) in XiNing Wild Zoo croped.jpg | Template:IUCN status[18] |
.jpg){kind=link}
_in_XiNing_Wild_Zoo_croped.jpg){kind=link}
Pocock accepted the Pallas's cat as the only member of the genus Otocolobus.[1] Other scientists consider it also a Felis species.[19]
Several scientists consider the Chinese mountain cat a subspecies of F. silvestris.[20]
Phylogeny
The phylogenetic relationships of living Felis species are shown in the following cladogram:[2] Template:Cladogram
Extinct Felis species
Extinct Felis species in the fossil record include:
- Felis lunensis (Martelli, 1906)[21]
- Felis wenzensis (Stach, 1961)[22]
Characteristics
Felis species have high and wide skulls, short jaws and narrow ears with short tufts, but without any white spots on the back of the ears. Their pupils contract to a vertical slit.[1] A black cat from Transcaucasia described in 1904 as F. daemon by Satunin[23] turned out to be a feral cat, probably a hybrid of wildcat and domestic cat.[24] The Kellas cat is a hybrid between domestic cat and European wildcat occurring in Scotland.[25]
The Corsican wildcat is considered to have been introduced to Corsica before the beginning of the 1st millennium.[26][27] A genetic study of a dozen individuals showed that they are closely related to the African wildcat originating in the Middle East.[28]
References
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External links
Script error: No such module "Navbox with collapsible groups". Template:Feliformia Template:Taxonbar Template:Authority control