List of border conflicts

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The following is a list of border conflicts between two or more countries. The list includes only those fought because of border disputes. See list of territorial disputes for those that do not involve fighting. Over 50% of the world’s borders today were drawn as a result of British and French imperialism. The British and French drew the modern borders of the Middle East, 80% of the borders of Africa, in Asia after the independence of the British Raj and French Indochina and the borders of Europe after World War I as victors, as a result of the Paris treaties.[1][2][3]

19th century

Start Finish Conflict Combatants Disputed Territories Fatalities
1811 1812 Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental File:Flag of Portugal (1750).svg Portugal v. Template:Flagdeco United Provinces Banda Oriental Unknown
1816 1820 Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental File:Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves.svg Portugal v. File:Flag of Artigas.svg Federal League Banda Oriental Unknown
1825 1828 Cisplatine War Template:Country data Empire of Brazil v. Template:Country data United Provinces of the Río de la Plata Banda Oriental Unknown
1837 1839 Tarija War Template:Country data Argentine Confederation v. Template:Flagicon Peru–Bolivian Confederation Tarija Department Unknown
1846 1848 Mexican–American War File:Flag of the United States (1846-1847).svg United States v. File:Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg Mexico Texas
Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Alta California
~29,000
1859 1859 Pig War (1859) File:Flag of the United States (1846-1847).svg United States v. File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom (Colony of Vancouver Island)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". San Juan Islands None
1879 1883 War of the Pacific File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile v. File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia and File:Flag of Peru (1825–1884).svg Peru Litoral Department ~10,000
1896 1896 Battle of Shangi File:Flag of the Congo Free State.svg Congo Free State v. Kingdom of Rwanda Southwestern Rwanda Unknown

20th century before World War II

Start Finish Conflict Combatants Disputed Territories Fatalities
1910 1918 Border War File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States v. File:Flag of Mexico (1893-1916).svg Mexico Mexico–United States border region 100+
1932 1935 Chaco War File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia v. File:Flag of Paraguay (1842-1954).svg Paraguay Northern Gran Chaco ~100,000
1938 1938 Battle of Lake Khasan File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1936 – 1955).svg Soviet Union v. File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan Manchukuo–Soviet Union border region ~1,300
1939 1939 Slovak–Hungarian War Template:Country data Slovak Republic (1939-1945) v. Template:Country data Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1946) Eastern Slovakia 69
1939 1939 Battles of Khalkhin Gol File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1936 – 1955).svg Soviet Union and File:Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1924-1930).svg Mongolia v. File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan and File:Flag of Manchukuo.svg Manchukuo Manchukuo–Soviet Union border region ~48,000

1945–2000

Start Finish Conflict Combatants Disputed Territories Fatalities
1945 1945 Levant Crisis File:Flag of France.svg France v. File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Syria-Lebanon and Transjordan 0
1947 1948 Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 File:Flag of India.svg India v. File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Jammu and Kashmir ~3,000
1954 1954 Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli File:Flag of India.svg India v. File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Dadra and Nagar Haveli 46
1956 1956 Suez Crisis File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel v. File:Flag of Egypt (1952-1958).svg Egypt Sinai Peninsula
Suez Canal Zone
2,848-4,198
1957 1958 Ifni War File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco v. File:Flag of France.svg France and File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Spanish Ifni ~1,500
1962 1962 Sino-Indian War File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China v. File:Flag of India.svg India Aksai Chin ~4,000
1965 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan v. File:Flag of India.svg India Kashmir ~6,800
1969 1969 Sino-Soviet border conflict File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union v. File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Zhenbao Island
Ussuri River
72-800
1971 1971 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan v. File:Flag of India.svg India Kashmir
East Pakistan
~4,000+
1978 1979 Uganda–Tanzania War File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda v. File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Kagera Salient ~4,500
1979 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China v. File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Cao Bằng
Lạng Sơn
Spratly Islands
~56,000
1982 1982 Falklands War File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina v. File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Falkland Islands
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
904
1984 2022 Whisky War File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark v. File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Hans Island 0
1984 1987 Siachen conflict File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan v. File:Flag of India.svg India Siachen Glacier ~2,400
1985 1985 Agacher Strip War File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso v. File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali Agacher Strip 140+
1987 1987 Sumdorong Chu standoff File:Flag of India.svg India v. File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Sumdorong Chu Unknown
1987 1988 Thai–Laotian Border War File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos and File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam v. File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Chat Trakan district
Botene district
295
1999 1999 Kargil War File:Flag of India.svg India v. File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Kargil district ~4,500
1998 2000 Eritrean–Ethiopian War File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea v. File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Badme 100,000

21st century

Start Finish Conflict Combatants Disputed Territory Fatalities
2000 2006 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel v. File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Shebaa farms 30
2001 2001 2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh v. File:Flag of India.svg India Bangladesh–India border region 20
2001 2002 2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff File:Flag of India.svg India v. File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Kashmir 789–1,874
2002 2002 Perejil Island crisis File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco v. File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain Perejil Island 0
2003 2005 Conflict in Tuzla Island File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine v. File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Tuzla Island 0
2006 2006 2006 Lebanon War File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel v. File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Northern District
Southern Lebanon
Golan Heights
1,619-2,254
2008 2008 Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti v. File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Ras Doumeira 144
2008 2008 Russo-Georgian War Template:Country data Georgia v. File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia South Ossetia and Abkhazia 247
2008 2012 Cambodian–Thai border dispute File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia v. File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Preah Vihear Temple 42
2008 2008 2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff File:Flag of India.svg India v. File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan India–Pakistan border region Unknown
2008 2008 2008 Mardakert clashes Template:Country data Artsakh v. File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Nagorno-Karabakh (Martakert/Aghdara)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 4-20
2010 2010 2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia v. File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Goranboy
Tartar
Agdam
3-6
2010 2010 2010 Mardakert clashes File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia and Template:Country data Artsakh v. File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Fuzuli District
Çaylı
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8-62
2010 2010 2010 Eritrean–Ethiopian border skirmish File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea v. File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Zalambessa 10-35
2010 2010 Costa Rica–Nicaragua San Juan River border dispute File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica v. File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua San Juan River 0
2011 2011 Battle of Wazzin Template:Flagicon Libya v. File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Wazzin 23
2011 2011 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish File:Flag of India.svg India v. File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Kashmir (Kupwara district and Neelum Valley)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 8
2012 2012 Heglig Crisis File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan v. File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan Unity State
South Kordofan
262–322
2012 2014 Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria v. File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Akçakale 17
2012 2012 2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia and Template:Country data Artsakh v. File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Tavush
Qazakh
Nagorno-Karabakh
9
2013 2013 2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes File:Flag of India.svg India v. File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Kashmir Line of Control 28
2014 2014 2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia and Template:Country data Artsakh v. File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Armenia–Azerbaijan border region (Tavush, Qazakh)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact
19
2014 2015 2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes File:Flag of India.svg India v. File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Kashmir Line of Control
Indo-Pakistani border region
58-185
2016 2016 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia and Template:Country data Artsakh v. File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Armenia–Azerbaijan border region (Tavush, Qazakh)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact
199-1,820
2016 2016 Battle of Tsorona File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea v. File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Tserona subregion 218
2016 2016 2016 Belize–Guatemala border standoff File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize v. File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Sarstoon River 1
2016 2018 2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes File:Flag of India.svg India v. File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Kashmir 165-232
2017 2017 2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish Template:Country data Islamic Republic of Afghanistan v. File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Chaman 8-68
2017 2017 2017 China–India border standoff File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China v. File:Flag of India.svg India and File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan Doklam 0[4]
2018 2018 2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia v. File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Sharur District and Sadarak District)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 2–3[5][6][7]
2019 2019 2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes File:Flag of India.svg India v. File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Line of Control 50-62
2020 2020 July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia v. File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Movses, Armenia and Ağdam, Azerbaijan 17-141
2020 2021 2020–2022 China–India skirmishes File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China v. File:Flag of India.svg India Sikkim, Ladakh and Line of Actual Control 50+ on both sides
2020 2022 2020–2022 Ethiopian–Sudanese clashes File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia v. File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Ethiopian–Sudanese border 4
2021 2021 2021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan conflict File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan v. File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Leilek District 55
2022 2022 September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia v. File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Armenia–Azerbaijan border 176

Ongoing

Start Finish Conflict Combatants Disputed Territory Fatalities
2012 Ongoing Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel v. File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria Quneitra Governorate
Golan Heights
44
2014 Ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War
(outline)
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine v. File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia Crimea
Donbas
2,824-2,924+
2021 Ongoing Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia v. File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Armenia–Azerbaijan border
2022 Ongoing 2022 Bangladesh–Myanmar border tensions File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh v. File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Bangladesh-Myanmar border region 0

See also

References

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  2. Lovejoy, Paul E. (2012). Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. London: Cambridge University Press.
  3. Martin Klein, "Slave Descent and Social Status in Sahara and Sudan", in Reconfiguring Slavery: West African Trajectories, ed. Benedetta Rossi (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2009), 29.
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