Chaman

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Other uses".Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator. Chaman (Pashto and Template:Langx) is the capital city of the Chaman District in Balochistan, Pakistan. It is located near the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. The city is situated south of the Wesh–Chaman border crossing with the neighbouring Kandahar province of Afghanistan.

Etymology

The name Chaman is thought to be derived from garden in Urdu.[1][2][3][4] There is little verifiable evidence to a singular and apparently unfounded claim that the name partly derived from that of a Hindu trader in the city before the partition, as the area was known as Chaman much before this period.[4][5]

History

Script error: No such module "Multiple image". Chaman has been used by NATO forces as a major supply route into Afghanistan since 2000.[6]

Thousands of Afghan refugees enter Pakistan via the Chaman route on a regular basis.[7]

Bombings occurred in 2017,[8] 2020 Chaman bombing, and 2021.[9]

In December 2022, the Afghan Taliban forces launched indiscriminate fire at the Chaman border, twice in a week and caused civilian casualties on the Pakistani side.[10]

In October 2023, the border crossing process was made more stringent, requiring a passport and visa, whereas previously only requiring a national identification card, to cross from Pakistan to Afghanistan. This has resulted in protests in the city.[11]

Climate

With an influence from the local steppe climate, Chaman features a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). The average annual temperature in Chaman is 19.0 °C, while the annual precipitation averages 232 mm. June is the driest month with virtually no rain rainfall, while January is the wettest month, with an average 65 mm of precipitation.

July is the hottest month of the year with an average temperature of 31.0 °C. January is the coldest month with an average temperature of 6.4 °C.

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Demographics

Population

Template:Historical populations According to 2023 census, Chaman had a population of 130,139. After the capital Quetta, Chaman is Balochistan's fifth-largest city according to the 2017 Pakistani census.[12] The city is located at the Pashtun majority northern part of Balochistan.

Religion

Religious groups in Chaman City (1941 & 2017)Template:Efn
Religious
group 		1941[13]Template:Rp 2017[14][15]
Pop. % Pop. %
Hinduism File:Om.svg 2,898 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 379 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Islam File:Star and Crescent.svg 2,812 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 122,263 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Sikhism File:Khanda.svg 697 Script error: No such module "Percentage". — —
Christianity File:Christian cross.svg 242 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 515 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Jainism File:Jain Prateek Chihna.svg 1 Script error: No such module "Percentage". — —
Ahmadiyya File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya 1-2.svg — — 49 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Total population 6,650 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 123,206 Script error: No such module "Percentage".

Transport

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File:Chaman Passenger Teain Entering Khojak Tunnel.jpg
Passenger train entering the Khojak Tunnel

Chaman has a railway station which accommodates services with Kandahar as well as other parts of Afghanistan. A slow passenger train runs between Chaman and Quetta daily. In 2008, it was proposed to extend this railway to Central Asia through Afghanistan. Chaman is on the Silk Road on the eastern side.

Trade

File:Empty fuel trucks crossing border into Pakistan in February 2010.jpg
Empty fuel trucks crossing border between Afghanistan and Pakistan through Chaman

The town is an important trade point in the Balochistan region, providing a gateway on the trade routes between Afghanistan and Karachi. It underwent development during the martial law period of 1977 - 1985. People of the city import many things like cars, motor bikes and motor rickshaws. Besides, they import Japanese, Chinese and UAE phones, cosmetics, perfumes, and many other consumer goods from Afghanistan to Pakistan.[6]

Sports

File:Kaleemullah playing for Sacramento Republic FC.jpg
Kaleemullah is the first Pakistani footballer to play in the United States

Football is the most popular sport in the city, which have produced notable footballers for the Pakistan national football team including Muhammad Essa, Kaleemullah, Mehmood Khan, Jadid Khan Pathan, and Fareed Ullah.[16]

The Chaman Derby between popular clubs Afghan Chaman and Muslim FC, share intense rivalry which have managed to command the highest crowds in Pakistani domestic football.[17][18][19][20]

Notable people

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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Template:Authority control Template:PakistanCities Template:Most populous cities of Balochistan, Pakistan

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