Ziliujing Formation
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The Ziliujing Formation is a geological formation in China, It is Early Jurassic in age. It is part of the stratigraphy of the Sichuan Basin. The dinosaur Gongxianosaurus and indeterminate theropod material are known from the Dongyuemiao Member of the formation, as well as dinosaur footprints, Zizhongosaurus and indeterminate prosauropods from the Da'anzhai Member.[1] The basal sauropod Sanpasaurus is known from the Maanshan Member.[2] The basal ornithschian Archaeocursor is known from the formation.[3] A possible unnamed stegosaur and the pliosauroid plesiosaur Sinopliosaurus are also known from this formation but they were found an indeterminate member.[2] An unnamed teleosaurid known from a complete skull has also been found in the formation, pending a formal description.[4] The deposition environment during the Da'anzhai Member in the lower Toarcian is thought to have been that of a giant freshwater lake encompassing the whole of the Sichuan basin, around 3 times larger than Lake Superior, coeval with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event around 183 Ma.[5] The Sinemurian-Pliensbachian boundary event (192.9 Ma) has been recorded on the top of the Dongyuemiao Member, while lower parts of this member are of Earliest Sinemurian age (around 199 Ma).[6][7]
Paleofauna
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Bivalves
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, considered a member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. Ecological indicator of shallow zone of the big fresh-water lake under a hot climate |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater clam, member of the family Pseudocardiniidae inside Trigoniida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Mytilidae inside Mytiloida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Margaritiferidae inside Unionida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater clam, member of the family Pseudocardiniidae inside Trigoniida. |
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Isolated Shells |
A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. |
Gastropods
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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A freshwater snail, member of the family Viviparidae |
Phyllopods
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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A clam shrimp (“conchostracan”), member of the family Lioestheriinae. |
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A clam shrimp (“conchostracan”), member of the family Triglyptidae. |
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A clam shrimp (“conchostracan”), member of the family Lioestheriinae. |
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A clam shrimp (“conchostracan”), member of the family Triglyptidae. |
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A clam shrimp (“conchostracan”), member of the family Triglyptidae. |
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A clam shrimp (“conchostracan”), member of the family Ovjuridae. |
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A clam shrimp (“conchostracan”), member of the family Limnadiidae. The species Palaeolimnadia baitianbaensis represent the main member of its own fauna section, that comprises other 52 species of Phyllopods |
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A clam shrimp (“conchostracan”), member of the family Limnadiidae. |
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A clam shrimp (“conchostracan”), member of the family Lioestheriinae. |
Fish
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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| Ceratodontiformes[7] | Indeteminate |
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Partial and semicomplete specimens: SSGT L01-HY-661, SSGT L01-HY-654, SSGT THS2715, SSGT TXH132, SSGT THS2716. | Indeterminate or unnamed members this lungfish group | |
| Ceratodus[2] | C. szechuanensis |
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A freshwater Lungfish, type member of the Ceratodontidae inside Ceratodontiformes. Lungfish related with late jurassic genera of the same region | |
| Ginglymodi[7] | Indeteminate |
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Several complete specimens: SSGT JK062, SSGT L01-HY892, SSGT JK004 | Indeterminate or unnamed members of this bony fish order | |
| Hybodontiformes[7] | Indeteminate |
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Indeterminate or unnamed members of this Chondrichthyes group | |
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Bony Fish, considered a member of the family Lepidotidae. Currently the only identified Bony fish recovered in this unit, with resemblance with coeval European species. Unlike that ones, the local Lepidotes lived in Freshwater settings. |
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| Ptycholepiformes[7] | Indeteminate |
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Complete specimen, SSGT JK029 | Indeterminate or unnamed members of this bony fish group | |
| Teleostei[7] | Indeteminate |
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Complete specimens, SSGT L01-HY269-2, SSGT L01-HY749, SSGT JXL1062 | Indeterminate or unnamed members of this bony fish group |
Plesiosaurs
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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A plesiosaur, considered a member of the family Rhomaleosauridae. An unusual freshwater plesiosaur linked to the large Sichuan Lake system developed locally.[13] |
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A plesiosaur, considered a member of the family Pliosauridae. Likely an invalid genus of freshwater pliosaur |
Testudinata
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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| Chelonipus[14] |
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Footprints | Potentially the largest turtle tracks currently known from China and an example of one of the earliest known globally | |
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Turtle remains of uncertain affinity. The only major turtle remains recovered in this unit. This along some undescribed shell fragments from the Lower Jurassic of Sichuan appear to represent the first documented occurrence of the fossil Testudines in China |
Crocodylomorphs
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A teleosaur, considered a member of the family Teleosaurinae. An unusual freshwater teleosauroid, previously referred Peipehsuchus teleorhinus.[16] |
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T.? sp. |
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A teleosaur, considered a member of the family Teleosaurinae. |
Dinosaurs
Ornithischians
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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Footprints |
Ornithischian footprints which resemble the pes of some neornithischians |
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| Archaeocursor[7][3] |
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Nearly complete left femur, SSGT L01-HY999 | An early ornithischian | |
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Indeterminate |
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Indeterminate remains of possible ornithischians | ||
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Indeterminate remains of possible thyrephorans. "Gen. indet. imperfectus" represents a large possible ornithischian or a sauropod that was originally assigned to Sanpasaurus |
Sauropodomorphs
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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Footprints |
Sauropod footprints which resemble the pes of some mamenchisaurids. Associated Brontopodus-like trackway with Liujianpus indicates that small and large sauropodomorphs may have co-existed. |
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Indeterminate |
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A eusauropod related to the family Cetiosauridae; likely the oldest referred specimen to this family | ||
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A sauropod that may represent a late-surviving basal member of the group. It has some features of both sauropods and sauropodomorphs, and may be regarded as an intermediate type in the evolution between both groups. | ||
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A sauropodomorph; probably a member of the family Massospondylidae. One of the youngest non-sauropod sauropodomorphs discovered worldwide. It represents its own faunal section. | ||
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L. shunan |
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Footprints |
Sauropodomorph footprints, with features seen in the ichnogenus Otozum, as well as in the sauropod ichnogenus Brontopodus. This ichnogenus dominates all the track assemblages where it is found, with a presence of up the 97%.[24] |
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Indeterminate |
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An eusauropod, related to the family Mamenchisauridae; likely the oldest referred specimen to this family (Unless Tonganosaurus is a mamenchisaur) | ||
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P. isp. |
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Footprints |
Sauropod footprints. The narrow-gauge trackway pattern resembles Parabrontopodus, well known from the Jurassic, but other features, such as the low heteropody, are different | ||
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A sauropodomorph; the associated clutch provides strong evidence for the earliest known leathery eggs. | ||
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A sauropod with uncertain affinities inside the group. Originally interpreted it as the remains of an ornithopod ornithischian.[27] | ||
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A sauropod, referred to the family Shunosaurinae. Likely not Shunosaurus. It was described in the Zigong Museum Guide | ||
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An invalid genus of sauropod of uncertain affinities. "Yibinosaurus" is from the same locality as Gongxianosaurus, and Gongxianosaurus sp. nov. may be the "Yibinosaurus" material | ||
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A sauropod, referred to the family Vulcanodontidae or Shunosaurinae. It builds its own faunal section, yet some authors view it as a nomen dubium. |
Theropods
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
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Indeterminate |
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Indeterminate remains of theropods with resemblance to the genus Elaphrosaurus, initially thought to be a member of Coeluridae.[2] |
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Footprints |
Theropod footprints of uncertain affinity, probably related to theropods such as Dilophosaurus |
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Footprints |
Theropod footprints of uncertain affinity. The Grallator relationships of these tracks are solid, as they don't display features of other ichnogenera found in the early Jurassic of the same region. Includes some of the smallest Grallator (and avian theropod) tracks ever described in the literature.[33] |
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Indeterminate |
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Indeterminate remains of theropods, very common along Gongxianosaurus fossils. |
Flora
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with the Bennettitales inside Bennettitopsida. Anomozamites is characterised by slender, (almost) completely and regularly segmented leaves whose leaflets are generally as long as broad or, at maximum, two times as long as broad. This genus is related with more arboreal Bennetitalean flora. Shows coriaceous leaves and is a genus linked more with dry climates. |
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Affinities with Karkeniaceae inside Ginkgoales. |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Osmundaceae inside Osmundales. Lower vegetation members |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Dipteridaceae inside Polypodiales. |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Dicksoniaceae inside Cyatheales. Common cosmopolitan Mesozoic Tree fern genus. |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Cycadales inside Cycadopsida. |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Dipteridaceae inside Polypodiales. Dictyophyllum is a common Dipteridacean genus of the mid-Mesozoic. Here is indicator of Toarcian age for the sedimnets |
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Affinities with Equisetaceae inside Equisetales. Based on analogies with morphologically similar extant Equisetum species, it is interpreted to represent a plant of consistently moist habitats, such as marshes, lake margins or forest understorey, developed normally dense thickets. |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Krassiloviaceae inside Voltziales. |
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Badong-Lichuan |
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Affinities with Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoales. |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Schizaeaceae inside Schizaeales. Grass Ferns |
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| Nilssonia[7][35] |
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Yuzhou Biota |
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Affinities with Nilssoniales within Cycadophyta or Bennettitales. | |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Williamsoniaceae inside Bennettitales. Insufficient and incomplete material prevents certain allocation to that species. |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Matoniaceae inside Gleicheniales. |
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Badong-Lichuan |
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Affinities with Krassiloviaceae inside Voltziales. |
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Yangtze Gorges area |
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Affinities with Schizaeaceae inside Schizaeales. Grass Ferns |
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See Also
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- Blue Lias, England
- Charmouth Mudstone Formation, England
- Jurensismergel Formation, Germany
- Posidonia Shale, Germany
- Sorthat Formation, Denmark
- Hasle Formation, Denmark
- Zagaje Formation, Poland
- Drzewica Formation, Poland
- Ciechocinek Formation, Poland
- Borucice Formation, Poland
- Rotzo Formation, Italy
- Saltrio Formation, Italy
- Moltrasio Formation, Italy
- Marne di Monte Serrone, Italy
- Calcare di Sogno, Italy
- Podpeč Limestone, Slovenia
- Coimbra Formation, Portugal
- El Pedregal Formation, Spain
- Fernie Formation, Canada
- Whiteaves Formation, British Columbia
- Navajo Sandstone, Utah
- Yanan Formation, China
- Aganane Formation, Morocco
- Tafraout Group, Morocco
- Azilal Formation, Morocco
- Budoš Limestone, Montenegro
- Kota Formation, India
- Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Argentina
- Los Molles Formation, Argentina
- Kandreho Formation, Madagascar
- Elliot Formation, South Africa
- Clarens Formation, South Africa
- Evergreen Formation, Australia
- Cattamarra Coal Measures, Australia
- Hanson Formation, Antarctica
- Mawson Formation, Antarctica
References
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