Zemer

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator Zemer (Template:Langx, Template:Langx) is an Arab local council in the Central District of Israel. It is located in the Arab Triangle area, between Baqa al-Gharbiyye and Bat Hefer on Road 574. Zemer is the result of a merger of four villages – Bir al-Sika, Ibtan, Marja and Yama - in 1988.

History

Before the Common Era

Archaeological work in Yama brought to light settlement remains ranging from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) to the Ottoman period.[1] At Ibtan, potsherds dating from the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine period have been found.[2]

Middle Bronze Age II findings from Yama have been tentatively identified to belong to the ancient site of Yaham.[1] Yaham was mentioned in Egyptian sources regarding pharaohs Thutmose III and Shoshenq I.[3] The 15th century BCE annals describing the campaign of Thutmose III against a coalition of Canaanite city-states recount how the pharaoh camped at Yaham before marching on through the pass of Aruna (today's Wadi Ara), at whose exit he attacked and captured the city of Megiddo.[3]

Mamluk Sultanate and Ottoman Empire

In 1265, two of the villages were mentioned among the estates which the Mamluk sultan Baibars granted his emirs after he had defeated the Crusaders: The whole of Ibthan (Bathan) was given to his emir 'Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Halabi al-Salihi,[4] while Yamma was divided equally between the emirs Saif al-Din Itamish al-Sa'di and Shams al-Din Aqsunqur.[5]

Yama and Ibtan appeared in Ottoman tax registers compiled in 1596, in the Nahiyas of Qaqun and Jabal Sami, respectively, of the Nablus Liwa. Yama had a population of 18 Muslim households and 5 bachelors, while Ibtan was indicated as empty even though it paid taxes.[6]

In 1882, in the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine, only Khurbet Ibthan was noted, with "traces of ruins and a well."[7]

British Mandate and Israel

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bir al-Sikka had a population of 36, Ibthan 56 and Yamma 48, all Muslims.[8] Until 1948, all four villages were administratively related to the modern-day Palestinian town of Deir al-Ghusun.[9][10]

Zemer's population at the end of 2009 was 5,700,[11] and its jurisdiction is 8,203 dunams.[12] The population increased to 6,375 in 2014.[13] The mayor of Zemer is Yassin Harzalla.[14]

References

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  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Abu Fana, 2006, Ibthan
  3. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Ibn al-Furat, 1971, pp. 81, 209, 249 (map)
  5. ↑ Ibn al-Furat, 1971, pp. 81, 210, 249 (map)
  6. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 127, p. 138.
  7. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 196
  8. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Tulkarem, p. 28
  9. ↑ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 20
  10. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 74
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Continuing to improve personal security in the Arab sector

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Bibliography

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". pp. 439-440

External links

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